CN108253776B - Drying processing method of schisandra chinensis - Google Patents
Drying processing method of schisandra chinensis Download PDFInfo
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- CN108253776B CN108253776B CN201810042072.0A CN201810042072A CN108253776B CN 108253776 B CN108253776 B CN 108253776B CN 201810042072 A CN201810042072 A CN 201810042072A CN 108253776 B CN108253776 B CN 108253776B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/004—Nozzle assemblies; Air knives; Air distributors; Blow boxes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/79—Schisandraceae (Schisandra family)
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
- F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
- F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2200/02—Biomass, e.g. waste vegetative matter, straw
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Abstract
The invention relates to a drying processing method of schisandra chinensis, belonging to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine processing. The processing method comprises the following operation steps: selecting schisandra chinensis, cleaning, protecting color with color protecting liquid and microwave, and drying with ultrasonic gas jet impact. The invention has the advantages of short drying time, good drying quality, high drying efficiency, good sanitary condition, small loss of medicinal components and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a drying processing method of schisandra chinensis, belonging to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine processing.
Background
Fructus Schisandrae chinensis is dried mature fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. of Magnoliaceae, and is known as "Schisandra chinensis". It is listed as the superior product in Shen nong Ben Cao Jing (Shen nong's herbal). The schisandra chinensis is sweet and sour in taste, sweet in nature and warm in nature, enters lung, kidney and heart channels, has the effects of astringing, arresting discharge, tonifying qi, promoting the production of body fluid, relieving cough, eliminating phlegm, stopping diarrhea and arresting sweating, and is mainly used for treating symptoms such as chronic cough, asthenic asthma, nocturnal emission, enuresis, frequent micturition, chronic diarrhea, spontaneous perspiration, night sweat, body fluid injury, thirst, shortness of breath, pulse deficiency, internal heat, diabetes, palpitation, insomnia and the like.
Modern pharmacology has proved that schisandra has obvious sedative effect on central nervous system (schisandra extract and methanol); liver protection (schizandrin extract, deoxyschizandrin, schisandrin B and schisandrin A), and bifendate synthesized from lignanoid skeleton has effects of reducing enzyme and improving liver function (schisandrin B); dilating blood vessel (schizandrin and schizandrin C); antiaging and antioxidant effects (schisandrin B and schisanhenol); cough relieving and phlegm eliminating effects (fructus Schisandrae acid component); promoting liver glycogen synthesis, antiulcer effect, etc. (Shenyijun, Chinese medicine pharmacology [ M ]. people health publishing agency, 2011). The schisandra fruit is a famous nourishing traditional Chinese medicine, is also a novel functional health care product with homology of medicine and food, and is called as an adaptogen medicine together with ginseng, acanthopanax, radix codonopsitis and the like.
The schisandra chinensis is a berry, the water content of the fresh fruit is very high and is generally 85-90%, so the storage life of the fresh fruit of the schisandra chinensis is very short, if the schisandra chinensis cannot be dried in time, the phenomenon of mildew and deterioration of the schisandra chinensis can be caused, the medicinal value is influenced, and waste and economic loss are caused (Elysene: the dried processing of the schisandra chinensis has a saying [ N ]. Jilin rural report of 2008), so the fruit needs to be dried in time after being harvested. At present, due to small production scale of scattered planting households and no reasonable processing place, traditional drying methods such as drying in the shade and naturally drying in the sun are mostly adopted. The method has the advantages of low economic investment, simple and convenient operation and the like, but is severely restricted by weather, particularly the season of the full-term production of the schisandra chinensis in the late summer and the early autumn, and the season is rainy and moist and is difficult to dry; in addition, the method needs a large amount of manpower and material resources, and the drying time is long, generally more than 10 days, and the method is easily polluted by ants, ladybirds and other insects, dust, bacteria and the like in the air. Besides natural drying, the drying of schisandra chinensis also uses hot air drying widely. The hot air drying time is longer, and is generally 30-55 h (Sun Wen Long, Du Yan, Jiujian. Schisandra chinensis hot air drying characteristics and mathematical model [ J ]. agricultural machinery research, 2012, 34 (8): 93-97).
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a drying processing method of schisandra chinensis, which aims to solve a plurality of problems in the traditional drying processing of schisandra chinensis in China. The fructus Schisandrae chinensis product dried by the method has the advantages of short drying time, good drying quality, high drying efficiency, good sanitary condition, and low loss of medicinal components.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a drying processing method of schisandra chinensis comprises the following operation steps:
(1) selecting fresh mature fructus Schisandrae chinensis without deterioration;
(2) cleaning the surface of the schisandra chinensis with clear water, and removing dust and impurities;
(3) putting the cleaned schisandra chinensis into a color protection liquid, and applying microwaves in the color protection process, wherein the microwave power is 900-1200W, and the color protection time is 12-18 min;
(4) carrying out ultrasonic gas jet impact drying on the color-protected schisandra chinensis, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of the first stage is 80-100 kHz, the ultrasonic power is 120-180W, the drying temperature is 65-80 ℃, the drying air speed is 12-18 m/s, the second drying stage is carried out when the moisture content of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 40-55%, the ultrasonic frequency is 40-80 kHz, the ultrasonic power is 60-120W, the drying temperature is 45-65 ℃, the drying air speed is 4-12 m/s, and the drying is stopped when the moisture content of the wet basis of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 12-14%;
(5) and (5) after the schisandra chinensis is cooled to room temperature, packaging.
And (3) putting the cleaned schisandra chinensis into a color protection liquid, and applying microwaves in the color protection process, wherein the microwave power is 1000-1100W, and the color protection time is 14-16 min.
And (4) carrying out ultrasonic gas jet impact drying, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of the first stage is 90-100 kHz, the ultrasonic power is 140-160W, the drying temperature is 70-75 ℃, the drying air speed is 14-16 m/s, the second drying stage is carried out when the moisture content of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 50-55%, the ultrasonic frequency is 40-60 kHz, the ultrasonic power is 80-100W, the drying temperature is 45-50 ℃, the drying air speed is 4-8 m/s, and the drying is stopped when the moisture content of the wet basis of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 12-14%.
And (3) putting the cleaned schisandra chinensis into the color protection liquid, and applying microwaves in the color protection process, wherein the microwave power is 1100W, and the color protection time is 14 min.
And (4) performing ultrasonic gas jet impact drying, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of the first stage is 95kHz, the ultrasonic power is 150W, the drying temperature is 70 ℃, the drying air speed is 14m/s, the second drying stage is performed when the moisture content of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 55%, the ultrasonic frequency is 55kHz, the ultrasonic power is 90W, the drying temperature is 45 ℃, the drying air speed is 4m/s, and the drying is stopped when the moisture content of the wet basis of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 12-14%.
The color protection liquid consists of 0.8 percent of citric acid, 0.04 percent of ascorbic acid, 0.5 percent of potassium sorbate and purified water.
According to the invention, a mode of simultaneously protecting color by using the color protecting liquid and the microwaves is adopted at the earlier stage, the citric acid and the ascorbic acid in the color protecting liquid can reduce the pH value of the surface of the schisandra chinensis, reduce the loss of vitamin C, inhibit the generation of harmful component 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), avoid the damage of oxidation on the color and texture of the schisandra chinensis in the drying process, and obtain a dry product with natural color. The stability of the schisandra pigment is improved through citric acid, sorbic acid and potassium ions, the schisandra pigment loss caused by oxidation reaction is reduced, the influence of other metal ions on the pigment is inhibited, and meanwhile, the content of schizandrol A is higher. The invention adopts microwave to treat the schisandra chinensis, can effectively play a role in sterilization and prolong the storage time of the schisandra chinensis. Meanwhile, the microwave energy penetrates into the interior of the schisandra chinensis, the microwaves penetrating into the interior of the schisandra chinensis are absorbed by the schisandra chinensis and converted into heat energy, and the whole schisandra chinensis is heated, so that the schisandra chinensis after microwave color protection does not need to be preheated, and the direct next step of ultrasonic gas jet impact drying of the schisandra chinensis is facilitated.
The invention adopts a mode of ultrasonic gas jet impact drying in the later stage, and the gas jet impact drying technology is a method for spraying gas to the surface of a material to be dried through a nozzle with a certain shape to carry out heating drying. An important role of ultrasound is to reduce the water transfer resistance, which when ultrasound dries schisandra, results in the following effects: (1) when the schisandra chinensis is subjected to ultrasonic drying, the schisandra chinensis is repeatedly subjected to compression and stretching, so that the interior of the schisandra chinensis is continuously contracted and expanded to form a spongy structure, and moisture is easily transferred out through a micro pipeline; (2) in an ultrasonic pressure field, the formation, growth and violent rupture of cavitation bubbles and a series of physical and chemical effects are beneficial to removing water tightly combined with the schisandra chinensis; (3) the ultrasonic wave can promote the interior of the schisandra to form a micro-channel, reduce the thickness of a heat transfer surface layer and increase the convection mass transfer speed. The ultrasonic gas jet impact drying adopts two-stage drying, the first stage is drying at higher power and higher temperature and wind speed, the surface of the schisandra chinensis can be prevented from being shelled, the internal water diffusion resistance is reduced, the drying efficiency is improved, the power and the temperature are reduced and the wind speed are reduced in the second stage, the loss of nutrition in the drying process and the quality deterioration caused by higher temperature can be reduced, and the prepared product has low browning degree and good flavor nutrition. The ultrasonic wave and the gas jet impact drying are combined to realize the complementation of two drying modes, the highest temperature in the drying process of the schisandra chinensis is 80 ℃, the longest time is 16h, the drying time is shortened, and the quality of a dried product is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the color protection liquid and the microwave are adopted for simultaneously protecting the color as the color protection mode of the schisandra chinensis, so that the browning degree of the schisandra chinensis is low, the color is bright, the schizandrol A component in the schisandra chinensis is well preserved, in addition, the sterilization effect is also realized, and the storage time of the schisandra chinensis is prolonged; (2) ultrasonic gas jet impact drying is adopted, the dehydration speed of the schisandra chinensis is high, the drying time is shortened, the one-time processing period is within 16h, the loss of nutritional ingredients is small, and the quality of the schisandra chinensis is improved; (3) ultrasonic gas jet impact drying is adopted, loose micro-channels are formed inside the schisandra chinensis, and active ingredients in the dried schisandra chinensis can quickly overflow in the edible or medicinal process, so that the absorption effect of a human body is good; (4) the microwave primary sterilization and the ultrasonic secondary sterilization kill eggs, and the dried schisandra chinensis can be directly packaged and stored without being cleaned.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A drying processing method of schisandra chinensis comprises the following operation steps:
(1) selecting fresh mature fructus Schisandrae chinensis without deterioration;
(2) cleaning the surface of the schisandra chinensis with clear water, and removing dust and impurities;
(3) putting the cleaned schisandra chinensis into a color protection liquid, and applying microwaves in the color protection process, wherein the microwave power is 1100W, and the color protection time is 14 min;
(4) carrying out ultrasonic gas jet impact drying on the color-protected schisandra chinensis, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of the first stage is 90kHz, the ultrasonic power is 160W, the drying temperature is 70 ℃, the drying air speed is 14m/s, when the moisture content of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 50%, the second drying stage is carried out, the ultrasonic frequency is 60kHz, the ultrasonic power is 90W, the drying temperature is 55 ℃, the drying air speed is 8m/s, and when the moisture content of the wet base of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 12-14%, the drying is stopped;
(5) and (5) after the schisandra chinensis is cooled to room temperature, packaging.
Example 2
A drying processing method of schisandra chinensis comprises the following operation steps:
(1) selecting fresh mature fructus Schisandrae chinensis without deterioration;
(2) cleaning the surface of the schisandra chinensis with clear water, and removing dust and impurities;
(3) putting the cleaned schisandra chinensis into a color protection liquid, and applying microwaves in the color protection process, wherein the microwave power is 900W, and the color protection time is 18 min;
(4) carrying out ultrasonic gas jet impact drying on the schisandra chinensis subjected to color protection treatment, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of a first stage is 80kHz, the ultrasonic power is 120W, the drying temperature is 80 ℃, the drying air speed is 18m/s, when the moisture content of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 55%, the second drying stage is carried out, the ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz, the ultrasonic power is 60W, the drying temperature is 65 ℃, the drying air speed is 12m/s, and when the moisture content of the wet base of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 12-14%, the drying is stopped;
(5) and (5) after the schisandra chinensis is cooled to room temperature, packaging.
Example 3
A drying processing method of schisandra chinensis comprises the following operation steps:
(1) selecting fresh mature fructus Schisandrae chinensis without deterioration;
(2) cleaning the surface of the schisandra chinensis with clear water, and removing dust and impurities;
(3) putting the cleaned schisandra chinensis into a color protection liquid, and applying microwaves in the color protection process, wherein the microwave power is 1200W, and the color protection time is 12 min;
(4) carrying out ultrasonic gas jet impact drying on the schisandra chinensis subjected to color protection treatment, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of a first stage is 100kHz, the ultrasonic power is 180W, the drying temperature is 65 ℃, the drying air speed is 12m/s, when the moisture content of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 40%, the second drying stage is carried out, the ultrasonic frequency is 70kHz, the ultrasonic power is 120W, the drying temperature is 45 ℃, the drying air speed is 4m/s, and when the moisture content of the wet base of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 12-14%, the drying is stopped;
(5) and (5) after the schisandra chinensis is cooled to room temperature, packaging.
Example 4
A drying processing method of schisandra chinensis comprises the following operation steps:
(1) selecting fresh mature fructus Schisandrae chinensis without deterioration;
(2) cleaning the surface of the schisandra chinensis with clear water, and removing dust and impurities;
(3) putting the cleaned schisandra chinensis into a color protection liquid, and applying microwaves in the color protection process, wherein the microwave power is 1100W, and the color protection time is 13 min;
(4) carrying out ultrasonic gas jet impact drying on the schisandra chinensis subjected to color protection treatment, wherein the ultrasonic frequency of a first stage is 95kHz, the ultrasonic power is 150W, the drying temperature is 75 ℃, the drying air speed is 15m/s, when the moisture content of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 45%, the second drying stage is carried out, the ultrasonic frequency is 55kHz, the ultrasonic power is 90W, the drying temperature is 50 ℃, the drying air speed is 10m/s, and when the moisture content of the wet base of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 12-14%, the drying is stopped;
(5) and (5) after the schisandra chinensis is cooled to room temperature, packaging.
The dried schisandra chinensis obtained in the four embodiments is subjected to quality detection according to the following method:
1. sensory testing
Placing the sample in a clean white container, observing color, shape and impurities with naked eye, tasting taste, smelling odor, and obtaining the following results
As can be seen from the table, the obtained dried schisandra chinensis retains the color and taste of schisandra chinensis; the ultrasonic gas jet impacts the interior of the dried schisandra chinensis to form a loose micro-channel structure, so that active ingredients of the schisandra chinensis can quickly overflow in the process of eating or using the schisandra chinensis dry or the schisandra.
2. Detection of physicochemical index
The method for measuring the physical and chemical indexes of the dried schisandra chinensis is shown in the following table, and the physical and chemical indexes of the dried schisandra chinensis are measured by referring to documents (Ankailong, Jidekun, Zhou Da, etc.. influence of different drying methods on the quality of schisandra chinensis [ J ]. Chinese traditional medicine journal, 2014, 39 (15): 2900-
Claims (4)
1. A drying processing method of schisandra chinensis is characterized in that: the method comprises the following operation steps:
(1) selecting fresh mature fructus Schisandrae chinensis without deterioration;
(2) cleaning the surface of the schisandra chinensis by using clean water, and removing impurity soil and dirt;
(3) putting the cleaned schisandra chinensis into a color protection liquid, and applying microwaves in the color protection process, wherein the microwave intensity is 900-1200W, and the color protection time is 12-18 min; the color protection liquid consists of 0.8 percent of citric acid, 0.04 percent of ascorbic acid, 0.5 percent of potassium sorbate and purified water;
(4) carrying out ultrasonic gas jet drying on the color-protected schisandra chinensis, wherein the ultrasonic power of a first stage is 140-160W, the drying temperature is 70-75 ℃, the drying air speed is 14-16 m/s, when the moisture content of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 50-55%, the second drying stage is carried out, the ultrasonic power is 80-100W, the drying temperature is 45-50 ℃, the drying air speed is 4-8 m/s, and when the moisture content of the wet base of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 12-14%, the drying is stopped; (5) and (5) after the schisandra chinensis is cooled to room temperature, packaging.
2. The drying processing method of schisandra chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) putting the cleaned schisandra chinensis into a color protection liquid, and applying microwaves in the color protection process, wherein the microwave intensity is 1000-1100W, and the color protection time is 14-16 min.
3. The drying processing method of schisandra chinensis according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and (3) putting the cleaned schisandra chinensis into a color protection liquid, and applying microwaves in the color protection process, wherein the microwave intensity is 1100W, and the color protection time is 14 min.
4. The drying processing method of schisandra chinensis according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) ultrasonic gas jet drying, wherein the ultrasonic power in the first stage is 150W, the drying temperature is 70 ℃, the drying air speed is 14m/s, the second drying stage is carried out when the moisture content of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 55%, the ultrasonic power is 80W, the drying temperature is 45 ℃, the drying air speed is 4m/s, and the drying is stopped when the moisture content of the wet base of the schisandra chinensis is reduced to 12-14%.
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| CN112370492A (en) * | 2020-12-17 | 2021-02-19 | 江西中医药大学 | Preparation method of schisandra chinensis dry extract |
| CN118078911A (en) * | 2024-04-26 | 2024-05-28 | 云南白药集团中药资源有限公司 | Fresh processing method of traditional Chinese medicine paris polyphylla in production place |
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| CN102488732A (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-06-13 | 中国农业大学 | Rapid drying processing method of American ginseng |
| CN102755382A (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2012-10-31 | 天津天士力之骄药业有限公司 | Method for processing schisandra chinensis |
| CN103822442A (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-05-28 | 河南科技大学 | Method for drying honeysuckles |
| CN106173156A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-07 | 玉林市孝坚食品有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of Cortex Clausenae Excavatae sugar |
| CN206269485U (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-06-20 | 湖南湘西密码生态农业开发有限公司 | Ultrasonic hot air radish drying equipment |
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Patent Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102755382A (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2012-10-31 | 天津天士力之骄药业有限公司 | Method for processing schisandra chinensis |
| CN102488732A (en) * | 2011-12-21 | 2012-06-13 | 中国农业大学 | Rapid drying processing method of American ginseng |
| CN103822442A (en) * | 2014-02-17 | 2014-05-28 | 河南科技大学 | Method for drying honeysuckles |
| CN106173156A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-07 | 玉林市孝坚食品有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of Cortex Clausenae Excavatae sugar |
| CN206269485U (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2017-06-20 | 湖南湘西密码生态农业开发有限公司 | Ultrasonic hot air radish drying equipment |
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