CN108250152B - 一种具有抗菌活性的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物及其合成方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种具有抗菌活性的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物及其合成方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N Trichloro(2H)methane Chemical compound [2H]C(Cl)(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-MICDWDOJSA-N 0.000 description 24
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- C07D239/70—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D239/72—Quinazolines; Hydrogenated quinazolines
- C07D239/78—Quinazolines; Hydrogenated quinazolines with hetero atoms directly attached in position 2
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有抗菌活性的3,4‑二氢喹唑啉衍生物及其合成方法和应用,该3,4‑二氢喹唑啉衍生物的结构如式(I)或(II)所示,其中R1选自氢、氯、溴或甲基;R2独立地选自甲基、丙基、丁基或苄基;R3选自氢、氯、溴、甲氧基或甲基。该3,4‑二氢喹唑啉衍生物具有较好的抗菌效果,可以作为一种潜在的抗菌剂使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及杂环化合物的合成领域,具体涉及一种3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物及其合成方法和应用。
背景技术
喹唑啉类化合物是一类重要杂环的化合物,在医药和农药中具有广泛的生理活性。如在医药中具有抗癌、抗痢疾、杀虫、杀菌、消炎、治疗高血压等[(a)蒙小英,刘进前,张秀平,等.药学学报,1994,29(4):261; (b)Kikuchi H,Yamamoto K,Horoiwa S,etal.Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2006,49:4698;(c)Gangjee A,Zaveri N,KothareM,et al.Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,1995,38:3660;(d)佟茂国,广州化工,2012,40,17]作用。在农用方面,具有抗烟草花叶病毒、杀菌、杀螨活性等[(a)黄润秋,李慧英,马军安,等.高等学校化学学报,1996, 17(4):571;(b)马耀,刘芳,宋宝安,等.有机化学,2008,28(7):1268.]。
由于该类化合物在医药和农药中的重要性,目前合成该类化合物也有许多文献报道(详细请看综述:佟茂国,广州化工,2012,40,17)。
最近,文献也报道了一些合成3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物的优秀方法。
(1)Kazuhiro Kobayashi以取代的肉桂酸酯或者肉桂酰胺等为底物,分别与伯胺发生反应,方便快捷的合成了3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物(Shuhei Fukamachi,HisatoshiKonishi,Kazuhiro Kobayashi,Synthesis,2010,1593.)。
(2)沈琪等人报道了邻氨基肉桂酸酯在金属催化下与异硫氰酸酯发生反应以获得3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物。(Hua,L.;Yao,Z.G.;Xu,F.;Shen,Q. RSC Adv.2014,4,3113.)
(3)徐鹏飞等人则在无催化剂的条件下,通过溶剂控制,顺利合成了3,4-二氢喹唑啉(Ting Xie,Yu Xiao,Shuai Zhao,Xiu-Qin Hu,and Peng-Fei Xu,J.Org.Chem.,2016,81(21),pp 10499–10505)
以上的合成3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物的方法都或多或少的具有一些不足,例如底物复杂、反应条件苛刻、收率偏低,溶剂毒性大难处理,催化剂的昂贵等。
因此,开发出一种新的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物及其新的合成方法具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种具有抗菌活性的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物及其应用,该3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物具有较好的抗菌活性。
本发明还提供了一种原料易得,同时操作简便和对环境友好的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物的合成方法。
一种具有抗菌活性的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物,结构如式(I)-(II)的一种:
式(I),(II)中,R1选自氢、氯、溴或甲基;R2独立地选自甲基、丙基、丁基或苄基;R3选自氢、氯、溴、甲氧基或甲基。
作为优选,所述的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物为式(III)~式(VI)中的一种:
其中,R2独立地选自甲基、丙基、丁基或苄基(Bn);R3选自氢、氯、溴、甲氧基或甲基;R4选自氢、氯、溴或甲基。
本发明还提供了一种所述的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
取代的肉桂醛与伯胺在溶剂中反应30秒,经后处理得到所述的3,4- 二氢喹唑啉衍生物;
所述的取代的肉桂醛的结构如式A-B所示:
其中,R4选自氢、氯、溴或甲基。
所述的伯胺的结构如C-D中的一种:
其中,R2独立地选自甲基、丙基、丁基或苄基;R3选自氢、氯、溴、甲氧基或甲基。
该合成方法的作用机制如下:该反应先发生亲核加成,接着分子内发生杂麦克加成反应并关环,从而得到3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物。
以溶剂存在条件为例,本发明各种原料间的反应方程式如下:
其中,R2独立地选自甲基、丙基、丁基或苄基;R3选自氢、氯、溴、甲氧基或甲基;R4选自氢、氯、溴或甲基。
本发明中反应原料取代的肉桂醛与伯胺的用量并没有严格的限定,一般按照化学反应计量比进行反应,也可以是其中一种化合物过量进行反应。
作为优选,所述的溶剂为甲醇。本发明中反应溶剂用量并没有严格的限定,可根据反应原料的用量调整:反应原料较多增加反应溶剂的用量,反应原料较少减少反应溶剂的用量。
作为优选,所述的反应温度为20-40℃。
所述的后处理可采用合成领域常用的后处理方法,如采用重结晶或柱层析进行提纯,后处理可包括:除去溶剂后用有机溶剂重结晶。
所述的有机溶剂可选用乙酸乙酯、石油醚中的一种或者两种。
或者,所述的后处理包括:减压除去溶剂,再经柱层析。所述的柱层析的淋洗液选用石油醚和乙酸乙酯的混合液。
所述的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物可作为抗菌剂使用,通过对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、小麦赤霉病菌和黄瓜灰霉进行了测试,该类化合物具有一定的抗菌活性。
本发明的最后一个目的在于提供3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物作为抗菌剂的应用。
作为优选,所述的化合物为4am、4cl,所述的抗菌剂用于抑制大肠杆菌;
所述化合物为4ai、4am所述的抗菌剂用于小麦赤霉病菌。
同现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
(1)本发明3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物的合成方法,其技术关键是取代的肉桂醛与伯胺为原料,并且选用廉价的反应溶剂,一锅法直接合成3,4- 二氢喹唑啉衍生物;具有反应时间灵活,收率较高,溶剂廉价易得,操作简便,适用范围广等众多优点,适宜于工业化生产。
(2)本发明的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物可作为抗菌剂使用,尤其是对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、小麦赤霉病菌和黄瓜灰霉等有一定的抑制作用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
25℃下,将取代的肉桂醛衍生物1a(19.0mg,0.1mmol,)、1毫升的甲醇依次加入5毫升的反应瓶中,接着加入伯胺2i(14.0mg,0.15 mmol),搅拌反应30秒。随后减压除去溶剂,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯(石油醚与乙酸乙酯体积比为8:1)的混合液为淋洗液进行柱层析得到结构式如4ai的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物4ai(26mg,产率93%)。反应方程式如下:
将上述得到的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物4ai的结构经过核磁共振及高分辨质谱进行鉴定,1H NMR(600MHz,DMSO)δ11.04(s,1H),9.48(t,J=2.0 Hz,1H),7.44(t,J=7.7Hz,2H),7.36(m,3H),7.29–7.26(m,1H),7.22(d,J =7.2Hz,1H),7.12(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.04(t,J=7.5,1.0Hz,1H),5.41(dd, J=7.4,4.2Hz,1H),3.01(m,1H),2.86(m,1H).13C NMR(151MHz,DMSO) δ200.7,176.8,144.4,135.2,129.5,129.2,128.0,126.2,123.6,121.8,114.5, 58.7,49.1.ESI-HRMS:calcd for C16H14N2OS+H 283.0900,found 283.0897. 表明得到的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物具有结构式4ai所示的结构。
实施例2
25℃下,将取代的肉桂醛衍生物1a(19.0mg,0.1mmol,)、1毫升的甲醇依次加入5毫升的反应瓶中,接着加入伯胺2j(19.0mg,0.15 mmol),搅拌反应30秒。随后减压除去溶剂,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯(石油醚与乙酸乙酯体积比为8:1)的混合液为淋洗液进行柱层析得到结构式如4aj的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物4aj(25mg,产率80%)。反应方程式如下:
将上述得到的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物4aj的结构经过核磁共振及高分辨质谱进行鉴定,1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ9.61(s,1H),9.52(s,1H), 7.44(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.34(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.26(dd,J=15.4,1.1Hz, 1H),7.18(d,J=7.4Hz,1H),7.08(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),6.95(d,J=7.9Hz,1H), 5.33(dd,J=8.3,3.7Hz,1H),3.12(m,1H),3.01(dd,J=17.1,3.5Hz,1H). 13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ198.2,177.2,142.1,134.3,130.0,129.9,129.4,126.0,124.3,120.9,114.2,58.9,48.6.ESI-HRMS:calcd for C16H13ClN2OS+H 317.0510,found 317.0509.表明得到的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物具有结构式 4aj所示的结构。
实施例3
25℃下,将取代的肉桂醛衍生物1a(19.0mg,0.1mmol,)、1毫升的甲醇依次加入5毫升的反应瓶中,接着加入伯胺2k(18.0mg,0.15 mmol),搅拌反应30秒。随后减压除去溶剂,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯(石油醚与乙酸乙酯体积比为8:1)的混合液为淋洗液进行柱层析得到结构式如4ak的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物4ak(27mg,产率88%)。反应方程式如下:
将上述得到的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物4ak的结构经过核磁共振及高分辨质谱进行鉴定,1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ9.61(s,1H),9.39(s,1H), 7.30(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),7.24(dd,J=7.7,1.1Hz,1H),7.17(d,J=7.3Hz, 1H),7.06(t,J=7.5,0.9Hz,1H),6.98(d,J=9.0Hz,2H),6.94(d,J=7.8Hz, 1H),5.33(dd,J=8.3,3.8Hz,1H),3.84(s,3H),3.11(m,1H),3.03(m,1H). 13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3)δ198.5,177.5,159.2,136.4,134.4,129.6,129.3,126.0,124.0,121.6,121.0,114.8,114.3,114.1,59.2,55.5,48.7.ESI-HRMS: calcd forC17H16N2O2S+H 313.1005,found 313.1006.表明得到的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物具有结构式4ak所示的结构。
实施例4
25℃下,将取代的肉桂醛衍生物1a(19.0mg,0.1mmol,)、1毫升的甲醇依次加入5毫升的反应瓶中,接着加入伯胺2l(16.0mg,0.15 mmol),搅拌反应30秒。随后减压除去溶剂,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯(石油醚与乙酸乙酯体积比为8:1)的混合液为淋洗液进行柱层析得到结构式如4al的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物4al(27mg,产率91%)。反应方程式如下:
将上述得到的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物4al的结构经过核磁共振及高分辨质谱进行鉴定,1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ9.59(s,1H),9.31(s,1H), 7.36(d,J=7.0Hz,2H),7.30(t,J=6.9,4.8Hz,3H),7.24–7.19(m,1H), 7.01(dd,J=9.2,7.4Hz,2H),6.94(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),5.92(d,J=15.2Hz, 1H),5.08(dd,J=8.2,4.0Hz,1H),4.70(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),2.93(dd,J= 17.8,8.2Hz,1H),2.78(dd,J=17.8,3.9Hz,1H).13C NMR(151MHz,CDCl3) δ198.5,177.8,135.8,134.2,129.1,128.9,128.1,127.9,125.7,124.1,121.3, 113.8,55.2,53.2,48.3.ESI-HRMS:calcd for C17H16N2OS+H 297.1058,found 297.1054.表明得到的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物具有结构式4al所示的结构。
实施例5
25℃下,将取代的肉桂醛衍生物1a(19.0mg,0.1mmol,)、1毫升的甲醇依次加入5毫升的反应瓶中,接着加入伯胺2m(11.0mg,0.15 mmol),搅拌反应30秒。随后减压除去溶剂,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯(石油醚与乙酸乙酯体积比为8:1)的混合液为淋洗液进行柱层析得到结构式如4am的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物4am(23mg,产率86%)。反应方程式如下:
将上述得到的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物4am的结构经过核磁共振及高分辨质谱进行鉴定,1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.69(s,1H),8.90(s,1H), 7.25(dd,J=13.8,6.4Hz,1H),7.16(d,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.03(t,J=7.5Hz, 1H),6.89(d,J=7.9Hz,1H),5.11(dd,J=8.3,4.1Hz,1H),4.71–4.59(m, 1H),3.33–3.22(m,1H),2.94(m,2H),1.71(dd,J=15.5,7.8Hz,2H),1.35 (dd,J=15.1,7.5Hz,2H),0.94(t,J=7.3Hz,3H).13C NMR(100MHz, CDCl3)δ198.8,176.8,134.3,129.1,125.8,123.9,121.2,113.7,54.3,52.3, 48.4,29.8,19.9,13.8.ESI-HRMS:calcd for C14H18N2OS+H 263.1213,found 263.1206.表明得到的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物具有结构式4am所示的结构。
实施例6
25℃下,将取代的肉桂醛衍生物1c(27.0mg,0.1mmol,)、1毫升的甲醇依次加入5毫升的反应瓶中,接着加入伯胺2l(16.0mg,0.15 mmol),搅拌反应30秒。随后减压除去溶剂,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯(石油醚与乙酸乙酯体积比为8:1)的混合液为淋洗液进行柱层析得到结构式如4cl的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物4cl(34mg,产率90%)。反应方程式如下:
将上述得到的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物4cl的结构经过核磁共振及高分辨质谱进行鉴定1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ9.61(s,1H),9.27(s,1H), 7.37–7.29(m,6H),7.18(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),6.82(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),5.88(d, J=15.1Hz,1H),5.05(dd,J=8.1,4.0Hz,1H),4.67(d,J=15.1Hz,1H), 2.93(dd,J=18.2,8.2Hz,1H),2.80(dd,J=18.2,4.0Hz,1H).13CNMR(151 MHz,CDCl3)δ198.0,177.7,135.6,133.3,132.1,129.0,128.6,128.3,128.0,123.2,116.2,115.4,55.2,52.5,48.2,29.7.ESI-HRMS:calcd for C17H15BrN2OS+H375.0161,found 375.0155.表明得到的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物具有结构式4cl所示的结构。
实施例7
25℃下,将取代的肉桂醛衍生物1e(20.3mg,0.1mmol,)、1毫升的甲醇依次加入5毫升的反应瓶中,接着加入伯胺2l(16.0mg,0.15 mmol),搅拌反应30秒。随后减压除去溶剂,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯(石油醚与乙酸乙酯体积比为8:1)的混合液为淋洗液进行柱层析得到结构式如4el的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物4el(26mg,产率85%)。反应方程式如下:
将上述得到的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物4el的结构经过核磁共振及高分辨质谱进行鉴定,1H NMR(600MHz,CDCl3)δ9.60(s,1H),8.89(s,1H), 7.38–7.27(m,6H),6.89(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.81(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),6.70(s, 1H),5.94(d,J=15.2Hz,1H),5.03(dd,J=8.2,4.0Hz,1H),4.66(d,J=15.2 Hz,1H),2.91(m,1H),2.76(dd,J=17.6,3.8Hz,1H),2.29(s,3H).13C NMR (151MHz,CDCl3)δ198.6,177.8,139.4,135.9,134.1,128.9,128.0,127.9,125.5,124.9,118.5,114.2,55.2,53.1,48.4,29.7,21.3.ESI-HRMS:calcd for C18H18N2OS+H 311.1213,found 311.1205.表明得到的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物具有结构式4el所示的结构。
实施例8:样品的抗菌性能评价
用杯盘培养法初步测定了化合物4在质量浓度为100μg/mL时对大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、小麦赤霉病菌和黄瓜灰霉病菌的抑菌活性,如表1所示。
表1化合物抗菌活性a
a抑菌圈直径:<10mm(-),耐药;10~12mm(+),低敏;13~15mm (++),中度敏感;16~20mm(+++),高度敏感。
由表1的结果可见所有测试化合物中,对四种菌都具有一定的抑制活性。其中化合物4am、4cl对大肠杆菌作用效果为高度敏感;4ai、4am对小麦赤霉病菌的作用效果为高度敏感。
Claims (9)
4.根据权利要求3所述的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的溶剂为甲醇。
5.根据权利要求3所述的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物的合成方法,其特征在于,反应温度为20-40℃。
6.根据权利要求3所述的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物的合成方法,其特征在于,所述的后处理包括:减压除去溶剂,再经柱层析得到所述的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物。
7.一种如权利要求1~2任一项所述的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物在制备抗菌剂中的应用。
8.根据权利要求7所述的3,4-二氢喹唑啉衍生物在制备抗菌剂中的应用,其特征在于,所述的抗菌剂用于抑制大肠杆菌、枯草杆菌、小麦赤霉病菌和黄瓜灰霉病菌中的一种或者多种。
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