CN108244296A - A kind of production method of full fermentation dandelion Fu-brick tea - Google Patents
A kind of production method of full fermentation dandelion Fu-brick tea Download PDFInfo
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- CN108244296A CN108244296A CN201810268104.9A CN201810268104A CN108244296A CN 108244296 A CN108244296 A CN 108244296A CN 201810268104 A CN201810268104 A CN 201810268104A CN 108244296 A CN108244296 A CN 108244296A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
- A23F3/14—Tea preparations, e.g. using additives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
- A23F3/08—Oxidation; Fermentation
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23F—COFFEE; TEA; THEIR SUBSTITUTES; MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION, OR INFUSION THEREOF
- A23F3/00—Tea; Tea substitutes; Preparations thereof
- A23F3/06—Treating tea before extraction; Preparations produced thereby
- A23F3/12—Rolling or shredding tea leaves
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of production methods of full fermentation dandelion Fu-brick tea, include the following steps：（1）Harvesting, salt leaching, the sorting of Folium Taraxacum and root of dandelion are handled, dandelion is dry, irradiation sterilization,（2）Dispensing：Mass fraction is subjected to dispensing for 20% dandelion and 80% anhua black raw tea, the mass ratio of Folium Taraxacum and radix tarxaci is 10 in the dandelion:1,（3）Pile-fermentation（4）Decatize is shaped（5）Floating culture（6）It is dry, after dried dandelion Fu-brick tea is packed to obtain the final product；Fu-brick tea prepared by the method for the present invention had both had the fragrance of the simple and elegant faint scent of dandelion, there is the soft mellow flavour of black tea again, the two brings out the best in each other, soup look is orange bright, coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium color is golden yellow beautiful in brick, and read fortune is splendid, coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium riotous growth, spore is full uniformly, and golden flower numbers are up to 6 × 106More than, it is much higher than national standard.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation process of Fu-brick tea, the production method of specifically a kind of full fermentation dandelion Fu-brick tea.
Background technology
Fu-brick tea is a most characteristic category of black tea, and Fu-brick tea is using Dark Green Tea as raw material, at raw material
The blocky black tea finished product of the processes such as reason, pile-fermentation, pressed sizing, floating drying, finished product packing production.Fu-brick tea, which has to help, to disappear
Change, solve greasy, suitable stomach, reducing blood lipid, hypoglycemic, weight-reducing, softening human vas, prevention of cardiovascular disease, sterilization, anti-inflammatory diuresis
Detoxicating functions.For Fu-brick tea through unique " pile fermentation " and " floating " program, the soup look of tea is not red turbid, fragrant clear not thick, rich not puckery,
Mouth strength is strong, endures repeated infusions.Specially require coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium in brick（It is commonly called as " golden flower "）It is universal luxuriant, it is The more the better, it is dry smell have it is colored
Faint scent.Coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium belongs to probiotics, be Fu-brick tea under specific temperature and humidity conditions, the nature that is grown up to by " floating " technique
Prebiotic thalline is commonly called as " golden flower ".In national standard, Fu-brick tea is the black tea of sole requirement " coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium " this index
Kind (National Standard of the People's Republic of China's GB/T 9833.3-2002 compressed teas Fu-brick tea).Through scientific research, " golden flower " energy
The amylase and oxidizing ferment in tealeaves are secreted, the Starch Conversion that can be catalyzed in tealeaves is monosaccharide, and then forms ECP-A1 and ECP-
Both polysaccharide of A1 have effects that reduce blood glucose.Meanwhile " golden flower " can be catalyzed the oxidation of polyphenol compound matter, make tealeaves
Soup look becomes reddish brown, eliminates thick green taste.The more alcohol and tasty and refreshing on taste, sweet tea slides back to sweet.Before reform and opening-up, Fu-brick tea is sold for side
Tea, due to the special food meat dietary structure in border ethnic minorities area, borderland herdsman is considered as the Fu-brick tea of the drink of life at other
Regional seldom sale, and the borderland herdsman of meat is eaten for a long time since long-term drinking Fu-brick tea rarely has " three high ".Reform and opening-up
Afterwards, allegro life increases people's psychological pressure, and nervous stimulation increases, in addition overnutrition dietary structure does not conform to
Reason, the pollution of environment, Smoking And Drinking etc. various factors, lead to cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, malignant tumour
Disease incidences is waited to increase.It helps digestion at this point, Fu-brick tea is distinctive, the effect of greasy, weight-reducing is gone to cause the extensive concern of people,
It is domestic being sold by side, and with huge potential market.Due to expanding rapidly for market, demand increases, and big at present
Mostly it is workshop-based production, same batch mouthfeel soup look and " golden flower " quantity variance are larger or even some is also infected with miscellaneous bacteria, to drinking
The health of crowd causes potentially to threaten.Therefore, the control of humiture and time are chosen in production process from raw material, especially
" pile fermentation " and " floating culture, drying " this several step are directly related to the mouthfeel soup look of finished product and " golden flower " quantity.How to control
Working condition optimizes Fu-brick tea processing parameter, upgrades to industrialized production from traditional-handwork making, matter is provided for consumer
Amount is stablized, and the unified Fu-brick tea of standard is industry urgent problem to be solved.Meanwhile with the deep and city studied Fu-brick tea
The diversified development in field and the multi-level demand of consumer add in the various raw materials of Ministry of Public Health's integration of drinking and medicinal herbs in Fu-brick tea,
Increase new function on the basis of existing Fu-brick tea, and keep the existing mouthfeel soup look of Fu-brick tea simultaneously, while also to carry
" golden flower " quantity in high Fu-brick tea, the even more new challenge to be faced on industry technological layer.
Dandelion is one of kind that health ministry is included in medicine-food two-purpose recently.Dandelion alias paddy paddy fourth, Po Poding,
Chrysanthemum seedling, dandelion, milk grass etc., for composite family Dandelion herbaceos perennial, the dry and astringent slight bitter of taste；Dandelion contains Pu
Public English polysaccharide, dandelion phenolic acid, Flavonoids, taraxasterol, caffeic acid, choline, synanthrin, glucose, vitamin C, dimension
The various nutrients such as raw element D, carrotene, simultaneously containing abundant trace element, most important of which is that contain a large amount of iron,
The minerals of the needed by human body such as calcium.Dandelion possesses very high edible value and medical value in Ancient Times in China medicine grand ceremony,
《Tang materia medica》《Sheng Nong's herbal classic》《Dictionary of medicinal plant》Successive dynasties Medical monographs is waited to give to speak highly of,《Book on Chinese herbal medicine is newly organized》Cloud：Pu
Public English, until it is low-priced and have big work(, do not know to use it by means of common people.Radix tarxaci cauline leaf can be used, and can control heat toxin, carbuncle swells, sore, interior
Carbuncle, red eye, swell pain, damp and hot, jaundice, the puckery pain of dribbling urination, furuncle swelling toxin, acute mastitis, scrofula, toothache, hot eyes, pharyngalgia, lung carbuncle, intestines
Carbuncle, jaundice with damp-heat pathogen, puckery pain of heat gonorrhea.To acute mastitis, adenolymphitis, scrofula, boil poisonous soreness, acute conjunctivitis, cold, fever,
Acute tonsillitis, acute bronchitis, gastritis, hepatitis, cholecystitis, urinary tract infections etc. have obvious effect.Modern medicine
Research also indicates that：There is anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic to make for Flavonoids and alnulin in dandelion
With the chlorogenic acid in dandelion has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, removing toxic substances, cholagogic, decompression and increasing leukocyte and dramatically increases gastrointestinal peristalsis
The effects that with gastric secretion is promoted.Radix tarxaci cauline leaf all can be used, it is cheap and easy to get, if can by dandelion and Dark Green Tea it is assorted
A new Fu-brick tea is made together, and realizes that important step control of industrialization produces, must can be provided for consumers in general a
Stable quality is suitble to the Fu-brick tea new varieties of modern's health care.It is more about the document that dandelion herb tea makes at present through retrieval,
It is single dandelion mostly or all kinds of teabag drinks is made with other Chinese herbal medicine compatibilities.And Fu is made in dandelion together with black tea
Brick tea does not retrieve open source literature still.China Patent Publication No. is that the application for a patent for invention of CN 107594013A discloses one
Kind of dandelion black tea and its production method, the invention are by weight being 1 by dandelion black tea and black tea:The ratio of 0.25-0.85
Example after mixing, is placed in electric baking case, and under the conditions of temperature is 105 DEG C, after toasting 15min, taking-up is let cool to room temperature,
Through quantitative separating, vacuumize packaging and be process.After dandelion black tea is made using dandelion greens in the invention, then with it is commercially available black
Tea carries out proportioning and is uniformly mixed, and 15min is toasted under the conditions of 105 DEG C and is produced into dandelion black tea product, product brews rear tea
Soup is as clear as crystal, smell faint scent.Product soup look mouthfeel made by the invention is relatively light, and happiness drink Fu-brick tea is wished simultaneously again
For prestige has benefited from the consumer of dandelion special efficacy, such tea product can not meet its demand.Chinese invention patent
201310440126.6 disclose a kind of compounding mulberry leaf Fu-brick tea and its production method, and this method is first by mulberry leaf at 110-180 DEG C
Lower water-removing, is rubbed, pile fermentation, bake drying, crush, pick and pick and sieve, then with Dark Green Tea compatibility spell heap, through survey water slip casting, decatize,
Pile fermentation, secondary decatize measure the system of building, and floating, which is dried, is made compounding mulberry leaf Fu-brick tea for 18-22 days.In the technique due to the use of be
Mulberry leaf raw material, physicochemical characteristics is different from dandelion, and dandelion can be contained in particular by 110-180 DEG C of high-temperature fixation
Polysaccharide, dandelion phenolic acid, Flavonoids, taraxasterol and other functional ingredient damage decomposition.Therefore, prior art is equal
Be not suitable for preparing dandelion Fu-brick tea.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention optimizes existing Fu-brick tea technique, carries aiming at the characteristic of raw material dandelion
For a kind of suitable industrialized production, it is easy to management and control operation, stable quality can keep Fu-brick tea soup look mouthfeel, and coronoid process dissipates in brick
The quantity of capsule bacterium is up to 6 × 106More than, and dandelion bitter taste can be eliminated, dandelion active ingredient is kept not lose, function is unique
Full fermentation dandelion Fu-brick tea production method.Fu-brick tea prepared by the method for the present invention had both had the perfume (or spice) of the simple and elegant faint scent of dandelion
Gas, and there is the soft mellow flavour of black tea, the two brings out the best in each other, and soup look is orange bright, and coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium color is golden yellow in brick
Beautiful, read fortune is splendid, coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium riotous growth, and spore is full uniformly, and golden flower numbers are much higher than national standard.
A kind of production method of full fermentation dandelion Fu-brick tea of the present invention, includes the following steps：
（1）The pre-treatment of dandelion
1. it harvests：Dandelion when collecting the spring, before the summer blooms or just having bloomed, rejects yellow leaf, flower and anthocaulus, cleans up standby
With；
2. salt soaks：The dandelion cleaned up is put into after impregnating 1-2h in the brine that mass fraction is 5-10%, is rinsed with clear water
Desalination, drying；
3. radix tarxaci and leaf sorting processing：Radix tarxaci after drying and leaf is separated, cut medicine using linear reciprocating
Folium Taraxacum is cut into the leaf item of 5-8cm by machine respectively, and radix tarxaci is cut into the root segment of 2-3cm；
4. dandelion is dried：By Folium Taraxacum using 50-60 DEG C of hot air circulation removal moisture drying, dried moisture requirement is less than
14%；
By radix tarxaci using 60-70 DEG C of hot air circulation removal moisture drying, dried moisture requirement is less than 13%；It is done using low temperature
Dry is in order to avoid temperature is excessively high, is caused damages to active ingredients such as the flavonoids in Folium Taraxacum and root and phenolic acid class；
5. irradiation sterilization：It is 10 by mass ratio:After 1 Folium Taraxacum and radix tarxaci mixing, electron-beam dose is used as 4-
The high-energy electron accelerator irradiation devices of 10KGy carry out irradiation sterilization, obtain dandelion blade root mixture；It can be kept away after irradiation sterilization
Exempt from living contaminants, ensure that the quality of pile-fermentation, and then ensure that the mouthfeel and quality of dandelion Fu-brick tea；
（2）Dispensing
The anhua black raw tea of ageing 3 years and dandelion blade root mixture are chosen, is placed in together in the jar fermenter in fermenting house, stirring
It adds in adjusting slurry after uniformly to ferment to obtain the final product mixture, it is 30-34% to control the water content in mixture；The adjusting slurry is by spoke
It is made after adding in 8-10 times of pure water decoction filtering according to the Folium Taraxacum after sterilizing；The anhua black raw tea is mixed with dandelion blade root
The mass ratio for closing object is 8：2；
（3）Pile-fermentation
Above-mentioned fermentation mixture is passed through steam 4-6min, control steam pressure is 0.05-0.08MPa, is stirred when being passed through steam
It mixes, is distributed the uniform moisture of mixture, the temperature for controlling fermenting house is 28-35 DEG C, relative humidity 70-90%, control fermentation
Mixture temperature is 30 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C in cylinder, and fermentation time is 35 h, is stirred during fermentation twice, obtains fermentation material；
（4）Decatize is shaped
Brick tea is made in fermentation material, it is molded using being built after the steamed 2-3min of 0.05-0.10MPa；
（5）Floating culture
By build it is molded after brick tea brown paper sealing tie up, after cooling move into culture between floating culture, the floating culture
It is divided into three phases, the first stage cultivates 10-12 days, and the temperature between control culture is 23-27 DEG C, relative humidity 85-95%；
By the culture of first stage, coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium starts amount reproduction, into exponential phase, generates a large amount of fermentation fever, this
When brick tea in temperature be much higher than room, cooling culture must be carried out during this, measure the temperature in brick tea during culture daily
Degree controls the temperature of brick tea less than 32 DEG C, if the temperature of brick tea is higher than 32 DEG C, reduces the temperature between culture in time；Second-order
Section culture 4-6 days, the temperature between control culture are 23-25 DEG C, relative humidity 75-85%；Phase III cultivates 10-12 days, control
Temperature between system culture is 30-32 DEG C, relative humidity 65-75%, and by triphasic floating culture, the coronoid process in brick tea dissipates
The growth of capsule bacterium is vigorous, and full grains are evenly distributed, and coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium is filled with inside entire brick tea；
（6）It is dry
Brick tea after floating culture is moved into drying chamber and is dried, the drying is divided into five stages：First stage 2
My god, the temperature for controlling drying chamber is 33 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C；Second stage 2 days, the temperature for controlling drying chamber are 35 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C；Third rank
Section 2 days, the temperature for controlling drying chamber are 37 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C；Fourth stage 2 days, the temperature for controlling drying chamber are 39 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C；The
Five 3 days stages, the temperature for controlling drying chamber are 41 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C；Time opening dehumidification equipment during drying controls brick tea after dry
Moisture ＜ 14%, after packaging to obtain the final product；Quantity by coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium inside floating culture and dried brick tea is up to 6.0
×106 cfu/g。
Preferably, heretofore described dandelion is alkali ground dandelion or enshi, Huang gang, the Yangxin for originating in Shaanxi
The white edge dandelion in area.
Preferably, heretofore described fermenting house is equipped with temperature and humidity control system and several rounds, the fermentation
The bottom of container is equipped with stent, and jar fermenter is welded on stent, and the bottom of jar fermenter is equipped with steam inlet, and the top of jar fermenter is set
Have convenient for steam by sieve plate, lid is additionally provided at the top of jar fermenter, the bottom of the jar fermenter is conical structure.
Preferably, it is built-up for color steel between the culture in heretofore described floating incubation step, between the culture
Equipped with temperature and humidity control system, vented exhaust system and culturing rack, the ground between cultivating is epoxy self-leveling, and the culturing rack is
Stainless steel.
Preferably, the drying chamber in heretofore described drying steps is built-up for color steel, and the drying chamber is equipped with warm and humid
Control system, vented exhaust system and stoving rack are spent, the ground of drying chamber is epoxy self-leveling, and the stoving rack is stainless steel
Matter.
By dandelion and Dark Green Tea, fermentation prepares Fu-brick tea to the present invention together, needs to solve problems with：（1）It should remove
Bitter taste caused by dandelion keeps its functional component not to be destroyed again；（2）Add in dandelion after to keep with it is existing
Soup look mouthfeel similar in high-quality black brick tea, meet the needs of liking drinking black brick tea crowd benefits from the work(that dandelion has again
Effect；（3）Coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium in raising brick tea as much as possible（Golden flower）Quantity；（4）Ensure that product quality is stablized, product qualification rate
Very high, each batch soup look mouthfeel and golden flower quantity are basically identical.
Therefore, the present invention is rigid in checking up since raw material, the alkali ground dandelion of the dandelion kind of selection for Shaanxi
（Taraxacum sinicum Kitag）With the white edge dandelion in Hubei, Latin literary fame：Taraxacum platypecidum,
The place of production is Shaanxi, the wild genunie medicinal materials in Mountain Areas of Hubei Province hillside fields, detects it and contains anti-inflammatory component alnulin content relatively otherly
The dandelion kind in area wants high by more than 10%.The present invention is by Folium Taraxacum and root according to 10:1 mix is due to radix tarxaci
The content of portion's alnulin and Flavonoids is compared with leaf height, but if the brick tea read fortune all made using dandelion root
And mouthfeel is bad.The anhua black raw tea by ageing in 3 years is selected as raw material, mouthfeel alcohol with, avoid newly picked and processed tea leaves bring it is not mature
Taste, at the same also avoid Dark Green Tea ageing the time limit cost is higher too long, make brick tea floating culture during golden flower numbers
Seldom, the problem of individual is less than normal.
In technology controlling and process, dandelion pre-treatment is using salt leaching, low temperature drying, irradiation sterilization combination processing, experiment first
Show the destruction that the present invention can be finished to avoid conventional high-temperature to dandelion active ingredient using low-temperature treatment；Specific experiment knot
Fruit is as will be shown later.Secondly, dandelion and anhua black raw tea are mixed into fermentation, determines to include dandelion by orthogonal test
The optimal processing parameters such as weight proportion, the Dark Green Tea Chen Hua time limits, mixture temperature, pile fermentation time with anhua black raw tea, finally
According to《National Standard of the People's Republic of China's tea judgement standard GB/T23776-2009》It is evaluated, with reference to color, smell and taste etc.
Organoleptic indicator is shape by index and weight is evaluated（20%）, soup look（15%）, fragrance（25%）, flavour（30%）, tea residue（10%）
It carries out password to evaluate, sensory evaluation standard is evaluated according to sensory scores=shape+soup look+fragrance+flavour+tea residue, the condition
The brick tea sense organ comprehensive score of lower processing reaches 91.50 points, is the top score in sensory evaluation scores.
Test situation record is as follows：
1. low temperature drying and influence of the high-temperature fixation technique to the functional component content in dandelion
1 low temperature drying of table and general flavone content testing result in high-temperature fixation method dandelion
| Number | Dandelion drying means | General flavone（mg/g） |
| 1 | Low temperature drying（70 DEG C of ＜） | 48.34 |
| 2 | High-temperature fixation | 26.35 |
2 low temperature drying of table and the testing result of high-temperature fixation method dandelion Content of Chlorogenic Acid
| Number | Dandelion drying means | Retention time（min） | Peak area | Concentration（μg/mL） |
| 1 | Low-temperature air-drying（70 DEG C of ＜） | 17.96 | 1713579 | 54.87 |
| 2 | High-temperature fixation | 17.87 | 211268 | 6.765 |
It can be seen that from the data in table 1 and 48.34mg/g be up to using general flavone content in low temperature drying technology dandelion, than
1.83 times are higher by using high-temperature fixation；It can be seen that from the data in table 2 using low temperature drying technology dandelion Content of Chlorogenic Acid
Content is up to 54.87 μ g/mL, and 8.11 times are higher by than use high-temperature fixation.It can be seen that the present invention uses dandelion raw material
Less than 70 DEG C of low temperature drying technology can effectively reduce the loss of general flavone and chlorogenic acid in dandelion raw material.
2. technological parameter is preferred
Orthogonal test factor level table see the table below 3, and orthogonal test sensory review marking result see the table below 4.
It is by range analysis it is found that each factor is D ＞ C ＞ B ＞ A to the qualitative effects sequence of dandelion Fu-brick tea after pile fermentation, i.e., wet
Heap time ＞ gross tea is aged time ＞ dandelion amount ＞ mixture temperatures.Therefore, best factor level is combined as A1B2C3D2, i.e.,
30 DEG C of mixture temperature, dandelion addition 20%, the gross tea of ageing 3 years, pile fermentation time 35h.The dandelion processed under this condition is black
Gross tea sense organ comprehensive score reaches 91.50 points, is the top score in sensory evaluation scores.
Due to containing volatile oil in dandelion, main component is 2 furan carboxyaldehyde, can generate the green gas of making us not pleasant and
Irritation semen armeniacae amarae taste after we preferably go out optimum process conditions by above-mentioned orthogonal experiment, overcomes conventional system completely
The green gas of dandelion herb tea contained by method and irritation bitter taste were both simple and elegant clear with dandelion after fermenting together with Dark Green Tea
Fragrant fragrance, and with the soft mellow flavour of black tea, the two brings out the best in each other, make a soup look it is orange it is bright, there is uniqueness
The tea product of flavor.It samples tea Shi Pinping through national level, the Fu-brick tea sense organ comprehensive score prepared by the present invention reaches 91.5 points, for sense
Top score in official's scoring.
Dandelion raw material is employed electron beam irradiation sterilization by the present invention before pile-fermentation, is avoided because of dandelion raw material
The living contaminants brought in processing procedure ensure that the quality of dandelion Fu-brick tea pile-fermentation；It adopts during the fermentation simultaneously
With dedicated fermenting house and round, independent temperature and humidity control system and vented exhaust system are established, ensures cleaning
Yeasting avoids the pollution of miscellaneous bacteria, also effectively avoids existing part brick tea due to process pollution aflatoxin
It happens, upgrading to industrialized production from handicraft workshop for Fu-brick tea realization provides demonstration, so as to ensure that each batch
The mouthfeel and uniform quality of secondary brick tea.
There are one being found surprisingly that in experimentation of the present invention, under identical raw material and working condition, using simple black
Coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium in Fu-brick tea made of gross tea（Golden flower）Quantity is too late to add in the coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium after dandelion is fermented together
（Golden flower）Quantity, specific mechanism is not clear, and preliminary analysis may be that the bacteriostasis that dandelion has in itself dissipates capsule with coronoid process
Bacterium（Golden flower）Dominant microflora synergistic effect so that coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium（Golden flower）Riotous growth.This point need further to verify.
Dandelion and ageing the anhua black raw tea raw material of 3 years are taken a pile-fermentation and three phases by the present invention
It is dry and astringent micro- to improve its to the green gas of reduction dandelion herb tea for floating culture and the drying process in five stages, wherein pile-fermentation
Bitter taste is most important；And floating culture and drying process step are to coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium in brick（Golden flower）The number of quantity is particularly
It is crucial.It gradually heats up drying as a result of five stages, is conducive to the coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium growth in brick tea, the hat to grow out
Prominent bulk bacteria spore is full, and color is golden yellow beautiful, and read fortune is splendid.The three step fungus growing process that the present invention uses add five stage dryings
Technique using the regulation and control of fine special environment temperature, humidity and brick tea internal temperature, can avoid the heartburn phenomenon of brick tea and subtract
Few white edge phenomenon reduces the disqualification rate of finished product.Traditional technique typically just controls the temperature of different phase environment, not right
Temperature is controlled in brick tea, in particular to the exponential phase of coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium, although only 25-28 DEG C of environment temperature,
But the internal temperature of brick tea can reach 38 DEG C, if taken no action to, often have 5% or so brick tea will appear it is heartburn existing
As causing the unqualified of product, this is also the reason of existing hand-made brick tea cannot be guaranteed every batch of uniform quality.The present invention is logical
Cross monitoring tea material temperature, tea material temperature reduces immediately environment temperature when being higher than 32 DEG C, so as to avoid brick tea it is heartburn the phenomenon that.This
This combination floating and drying process are invented, can ensure that the golden flower colors in product are golden yellow beautiful, read fortune is splendid, and coronoid process dissipates capsule
Bacterium riotous growth, spore is full uniformly, and golden flower numbers are up to 6.0 × 106Cfu/g is much higher than national standard；It is sending out simultaneously
Using, using between dedicated culture, clean environment reduces it in dedicated round, floating incubation during ferment
The chance of its living contaminants reduces the chance of other living contaminants, Huang is not detected in obtained dandelion Fu-brick tea product
Aspertoxin.The qualification rate that can greatly improve brick tea product of the present invention, is detected by 5 batches, and qualification rate reaches 100%.
Compared with prior art, the present invention it also has the characteristics that：
1. healthy population drinks the excretion that can promote internal rubbish, clearing heat and expelling damp, have in certain adjusting body blood pressure and blood lipoid and
The effect of decompression.But if low blood pressure or weakling suggest drinking with caution；
2. result on trial shows there is preferable effect to the acne of face and other positions of body；It can again be tied while drinking
It shares the tea after drink and cleans acne spots, can achieve the effect that anti-acne U.S. face.This may have clearing heat and expelling damp with dandelion
The effect of anti-inflammatory, is related, generally can just be worked using 1-3 days.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the chromatogram using the chlorogenic acid in dandelion after high-temperature fixation technique；
Fig. 3 is the chromatogram using the chlorogenic acid in dandelion after low-temperature air-drying technique.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of production method of full fermentation dandelion Fu-brick tea of the present embodiment, flow chart include the following steps referring to Fig. 1：
（1）The pre-treatment of dandelion
1. it harvests：The alkali ground dandelion for originating in Shaanxi is chosen, the spring is collected, the dandelion before the summer blooms or when just blooming, rejects yellow
Leaf, flower and anthocaulus clean up rear spare；
2. salt soaks：The dandelion cleaned up is put into after impregnating 2h in the brine that mass fraction is 8%, is rinsed and removed with clear water
Salinity, drying；
3. radix tarxaci and leaf sorting processing：Radix tarxaci after drying and leaf is separated, cut medicine using linear reciprocating
Folium Taraxacum is cut into the leaf item of 5-8cm by machine respectively, and radix tarxaci is cut into the root segment of 2-3cm；
4. dandelion is dried：By Folium Taraxacum using 55 DEG C of hot air circulation removal moisture drying, dried moisture requirement is less than 14%；
By radix tarxaci using 70 DEG C of hot air circulation removal moisture drying, dried moisture requirement is less than 13%；It is using low temperature drying
In order to avoid temperature is excessively high, cause damages to active ingredients such as the flavonoids in Folium Taraxacum and root and phenolic acid class；
5. irradiation sterilization：It is 10 by mass ratio:After 1 Folium Taraxacum and radix tarxaci mixing, electron-beam dose is used as 8KGy
High-energy electron accelerator irradiation devices, carry out irradiation sterilization, obtain dandelion blade root mixture；Miscellaneous bacteria is avoided after irradiation sterilization
Pollution, ensure that the quality of pile-fermentation, and then ensure that the mouthfeel and quality of dandelion Fu-brick tea；
（2）Dispensing
The anhua black raw tea of ageing 3 years and dandelion blade root mixture are chosen, is placed in together in the jar fermenter in fermenting house, is stirred
It adds in adjusting slurry after uniformly to ferment to obtain the final product mixture, it is 32% to control the water content in mixture；The adjusting slurry is that irradiation is gone out
Folium Taraxacum after bacterium is made after adding in 10 times of pure water decoction filterings；The anhua black raw tea and dandelion blade root mixture
Mass ratio is 8:2；
（3）Pile-fermentation
Above-mentioned fermentation mixture is passed through steam 5min, control steam pressure is 0.07MPa, is stirred when being passed through steam, makes to mix
The uniform moisture distribution of material is closed, the temperature for controlling fermenting house is 32 DEG C, and relative humidity 80% controls mixture warm in jar fermenter
It is 30 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C to spend, and fermentation time 35h stirs twice during fermentation, obtains fermentation material；The fermenting house is equipped with humiture
Control system and several rounds, the bottom of the round are equipped with stent, jar fermenter, jar fermenter are welded on stent
Bottom be equipped with steam inlet, the top of jar fermenter be equipped with convenient for steam by sieve plate, be additionally provided with lid at the top of jar fermenter,
The bottom of the jar fermenter is conical structure；
（4）Decatize is shaped
Brick tea is made in fermentation material, it is molded using being built after the steamed 3min of 0.08MPa；
（5）Floating culture
By build it is molded after brick tea brown paper sealing tie up, after cooling move into culture between floating culture, be between the culture
Color steel is built-up, and temperature and humidity control system, vented exhaust system and culturing rack, the ground between cultivating are equipped between the culture
For epoxy self-leveling, the culturing rack is stainless steel；The floating culture is divided into three phases, first stage culture 10
My god, the temperature between control culture is 25 DEG C, relative humidity 90%；By the culture of first stage, coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium starts largely
Breeding, into exponential phase, generates a large amount of fermentation fever, and the temperature in brick tea is much higher than room at this time, necessary during this
Cooling culture is carried out, measures the temperature in brick tea during culture daily, the temperature of brick tea is controlled less than 32 DEG C, if the temperature of brick tea
Degree reduces the temperature between culture in time higher than 32 DEG C；Second stage culture 6 days, the temperature between control culture is 24 DEG C, relatively wet
Spend is 80%；Phase III cultivates 11 days, and the temperature between control culture is 31 DEG C, relative humidity 70%, by triphasic hair
Flower is cultivated, and the coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium growth in brick tea is vigorous, and full grains are evenly distributed, and coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium is filled with entire brick tea
It is internal；
（6）It is dry
Brick tea after floating culture is moved into drying chamber and is dried, the drying chamber is built-up for color steel, the baking
Room is equipped with temperature and humidity control system, vented exhaust system and stoving rack, and the ground of drying chamber is epoxy self-leveling, and the stoving rack is
Stainless steel, the drying are divided into five stages：2 days first stage, the temperature for controlling drying chamber are 33 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C；Second
2 days stages, the temperature for controlling drying chamber are 35 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C；2 days phase IIIs, the temperature for controlling drying chamber are 37 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C；
Fourth stage 2 days, the temperature for controlling drying chamber are 39 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C；5th 3 days stages, the temperature for controlling drying chamber are 41 DEG C ± 0.5
℃；Time opening dehumidification equipment during drying, controls the moisture ＜ 14% of brick tea after dry, after packaging to obtain the final product；By floating culture
After drying, after testing, the quantity of coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium is up to 6.0 × 10 inside dandelion Fu-brick tea manufactured in the present embodiment6
cfu/g。
Dandelion Fu-brick tea manufactured in the present embodiment is detected according to GB/T9833.3-2013, testing result is seen below
Table 5.
As can be seen from Table 5, the present embodiment is aged the anhua black raw tea, best raw material proportioning, best of 3 years by selecting
The pile-fermentation time and control mixture temperature, it is dry along with the distinctive three stages floating culture of the present invention and five stages
Dry and accurate humiture degree control, result is optimal to prepared dandelion Fu-brick tea after testing.It can be seen that this reality
Example is applied as most preferred embodiment.
Embodiment 2
In order to verify influence of the anhua black raw tea using different ageing years to dandelion Fu-brick tea mouthfeel, the present embodiment is selected
For the anhua black raw tea of ageing 1 year as raw material, production method is same as Example 1.
By dandelion Fu-brick tea manufactured in the present embodiment according to《National Standard of the People's Republic of China's tea judgement standard
GB/T23776-2009》It is evaluated, is shape (20%), soup by index and weight is evaluated with reference to organoleptic indicators such as color, smell and taste
Color (15%), fragrance (25%), flavour (30%), tea residue (10%) carry out password and evaluate, and sensory evaluation standard is according to sensory scores=outer
Shape+soup look+fragrance+flavour+tea residue is evaluated, and the brick tea sense organ comprehensive score processed under this condition is 82.0 points.Thus may be used
See, select dandelion Fu-brick tea sensory scores prepared by the anhua black raw tea for being aged 1 year significantly poorer than embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
For the floating culture for further verifying the present invention and the dry influence to golden flower quantity in dandelion Fu-brick tea, the present embodiment
A kind of full fermentation dandelion Fu-brick tea production method, the steps such as the pre-treatment of dandelion, dispensing, pile-fermentation, decatize sizing
Rapid same as Example 1, difference is, carries out floating culture and drying under household condition, by floating culture and does
Coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium growth after dry in brick tea is uneven, occurs white edge on a small quantity, golden flower numbers are less, and coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium color is not beautiful
It is beautiful；After testing, the quantity of the coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium inside brick tea is 8.0 × 105 cfu/g。
Dandelion Fu-brick tea manufactured in the present embodiment is detected according to GB/T9833.3-2013, testing result is seen below
Table 6.
It can be seen that using the drying process in the floating culture of three phases and five stages to dandelion Fu-brick tea inside
Coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium quantity play a crucial role, the coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium inside dandelion Fu-brick tea manufactured in the present embodiment
Quantity is 8.0 × 105Cfu/g, well below the golden flower quantity in embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
For verification Dark Green Tea and dandelion together with ferment after to the coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium inside brick tea（Golden flower）The influence of quantity uses
Fu-brick tea is made in the Dark Green Tea of simple ageing 3 years, and preparation method is same as Example 1, after floating culture and drying, warp
It detects, the quantity of the coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium inside brick tea is 4.0 × 105cfu/g.It can be seen that by Dark Green Tea together with dandelion
Coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium after fermentation inside brick tea（Golden flower）Quantity significantly larger than uses merely Dark Green Tea.This may be due to dandelion
The bacteriostasis and coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium itself having（Golden flower）Dominant microflora synergistic effect so that coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium（Golden flower）It is raw
Length is luxuriant, and specific mechanism needs further to be verified.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of production method of full fermentation dandelion Fu-brick tea, it is characterised in that include the following steps：
（1）The pre-treatment of dandelion
1. it harvests：Dandelion when collecting the spring, before the summer blooms or just having bloomed, rejects yellow leaf, flower and anthocaulus, cleans up standby
With；
2. salt soaks：The dandelion cleaned up is put into after impregnating 1-2h in the brine that mass fraction is 5-10%, is rinsed with clear water
Desalination, drying；
3. radix tarxaci and leaf sorting processing：Radix tarxaci after drying and leaf is separated, cut medicine using linear reciprocating
Folium Taraxacum is cut into the leaf item of 5-8cm by machine respectively, and radix tarxaci is cut into the root segment of 2-3cm；
4. dandelion is dried：By Folium Taraxacum using 50-60 DEG C of hot air circulation removal moisture drying, dried moisture requirement is less than
14%；
By radix tarxaci using 60-70 DEG C of hot air circulation removal moisture drying, dried moisture requirement is less than 13%；
5. irradiation sterilization：It is 10 by mass ratio:After 1 Folium Taraxacum and radix tarxaci mixing, electron-beam dose is used as 4-
The high-energy electron accelerator irradiation devices of 10KGy carry out irradiation sterilization, obtain dandelion blade root mixture；
（2）Dispensing
The anhua black raw tea of ageing 3 years and dandelion blade root mixture are chosen, is placed in together in the jar fermenter in fermenting house, stirring
It adds in adjusting slurry after uniformly to ferment to obtain the final product mixture, it is 30-34% to control the water content in mixture；The adjusting slurry is by spoke
It is made after adding in 8-10 times of pure water decoction filtering according to the Folium Taraxacum after sterilizing；The anhua black raw tea is mixed with dandelion blade root
The mass ratio for closing object is 8：2；
（3）Pile-fermentation
Above-mentioned fermentation mixture is passed through steam 4-6min, control steam pressure is 0.05-0.08MPa, is stirred when being passed through steam
It mixes, is distributed the uniform moisture of mixture, the temperature for controlling fermenting house is 28-35 DEG C, relative humidity 70-90%, control fermentation
Mixture temperature is 30 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C in cylinder, and fermentation time is 35 h, is stirred during fermentation twice, obtains fermentation material；
（4）Decatize is shaped
Brick tea is made in fermentation material, it is molded using being built after the steamed 2-3min of 0.05-0.10MPa；
（5）Floating culture
By build it is molded after brick tea brown paper sealing tie up, after cooling move into culture between floating culture, the floating culture
It is divided into three phases, the first stage cultivates 10-12 days, and the temperature between control culture is 23-27 DEG C, relative humidity 85-95%；
Second stage culture 4-6 days, the temperature between control culture are 23-25 DEG C, relative humidity 75-85%；Phase III cultivates 10-
12 days, the temperature between control culture was 30-32 DEG C, relative humidity 65-75%；
（6）It is dry
Brick tea after floating culture is moved into drying chamber and is dried, the drying is divided into five stages：First stage 2
My god, the temperature for controlling drying chamber is 33 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C；Second stage 2 days, the temperature for controlling drying chamber are 35 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C；Third rank
Section 2 days, the temperature for controlling drying chamber are 37 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C；Fourth stage 2 days, the temperature for controlling drying chamber are 39 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C；The
Five 3 days stages, the temperature for controlling drying chamber are 41 DEG C ± 0.5 DEG C；Time opening dehumidification equipment during drying controls brick tea after dry
Moisture ＜ 14%, after packaging to obtain the final product；Vigorous, color is grown by coronoid process dissipate capsule bacterium inside floating culture and dried brick tea
Golden yellow, full grains are evenly distributed, its quantity is up to 6.0 × 10 after measured6 cfu/g。
2. a kind of production method of full fermentation dandelion Fu-brick tea according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The Pu is public
English be originate in Shaanxi alkali dandelion or enshi, Huang gang, Yangxin area white edge dandelion.
3. a kind of production method of full fermentation dandelion Fu-brick tea according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The fermentation
Room is equipped with temperature and humidity control system and several rounds, and the bottom of the round is equipped with stent, is welded on stent
Jar fermenter, the bottom of jar fermenter are equipped with steam inlet, the top of jar fermenter be equipped with convenient for steam by sieve plate, the top of jar fermenter
Portion is additionally provided with lid, and the bottom of the jar fermenter is conical structure.
4. a kind of production method of full fermentation dandelion Fu-brick tea according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The floating
It is built-up for color steel between culture in incubation step, temperature and humidity control system, vented exhaust system are equipped between the culture
And culturing rack, the ground between cultivating are epoxy self-leveling, the culturing rack is stainless steel.
5. a kind of production method of full fermentation dandelion Fu-brick tea according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The drying
Drying chamber in step is built-up for color steel, and the drying chamber is equipped with temperature and humidity control system, vented exhaust system and stoving rack,
The ground of drying chamber is epoxy self-leveling, and the stoving rack is stainless steel.
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| CN111296595A (en) * | 2020-04-10 | 2020-06-19 | 四川农业大学 | Dandelion dark tea and preparation method thereof |
| CN111990503A (en) * | 2020-07-23 | 2020-11-27 | 陕西朴道茶业股份有限公司 | Winter frost leaf Fuzhuan tea |
| CN112753780A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2021-05-07 | 湖南龙回一都富硒茶业股份有限公司 | Dandelion dark tea and preparation method thereof |
| CN112841353A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-05-28 | 广东省农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Making process of golden flower exocarpium citri rubrum health preserving black tea with cough relieving and blood sugar reducing effects |
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