CN108239732B - Heat treatment method and application of 6000-series aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Heat treatment method and application of 6000-series aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN108239732B CN108239732B CN201611206310.4A CN201611206310A CN108239732B CN 108239732 B CN108239732 B CN 108239732B CN 201611206310 A CN201611206310 A CN 201611206310A CN 108239732 B CN108239732 B CN 108239732B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/043—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with silicon as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/05—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys of the Al-Si-Mg type, i.e. containing silicon and magnesium in approximately equal proportions
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Abstract
The invention relates to a heat treatment method of 6000 series aluminum alloy and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of aluminum alloy heat treatment. The method comprises annealing 6000 series aluminum alloy after hot rolling and before cold rolling to raise temperature from room temperature to T1Carrying out heat preservation treatment for t1Then from the temperature T1Cooling to room temperature; the 6000 series aluminum alloy is heated from room temperature to the temperature T between cold rolling passes2Carrying out heat preservation treatment for t2Then from the temperature T2Cooling to room temperature; wherein T is more than or equal to 350 DEG C1≤T2≤500℃，0.5h≤t1＝t2The annealing treatment and the heat preservation treatment are both carried out in a heat treatment heating furnace. The invention obviously improves the surface quality of the 6000 series aluminum alloy plate and eliminates the surface defect of the 6000 series aluminum alloy plate while maintaining the mechanical property of the 6000 series aluminum alloy plate, thereby having important significance for expanding the application range of the aluminum alloy automobile body plate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a heat treatment method of 6000 series (Al-Mg-Si series) aluminum alloy and application thereof, in particular to an intermediate annealing heat treatment method suitable for improving surface defects of 6000 series aluminum alloy automobile body plates and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of aluminum alloy heat treatment.
Background
Energy conservation and emission reduction are the permanent development subjects of the automobile industry, and currently, the laws and regulations and CO for energy conservation and emission reduction are issued by governments of various countries successively2And harmful gasesAnd a target value for particulate emissions. In order to meet this goal, automobile manufacturers have looked to automobiles with reduced weight. The aluminum alloy has the characteristics of light weight, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high specific strength, good impact resistance, easy surface coloring, recyclability and the like, and becomes one of the main lightweight materials currently applied to the automobile industry. The automobile body accounts for more than 30% of the total weight of the automobile, if the aluminum alloy is adopted to replace the traditional steel plate, the weight of the automobile body can be reduced by 40% -50%, and the light weight effect is obvious. Among all aluminum alloy materials for automobiles, 6000 series aluminum alloy has become a main development trend of aluminum alloy for automobile bodies due to excellent comprehensive properties.
The 6000 series aluminum alloy is a typical heat-treatable strengthened wrought aluminum alloy, is used for automobile body plates, and is required to be subjected to casting, skinning, homogenization heat treatment, hot rolling, intermediate annealing, cold rolling, solid solution, pre-aging treatment, saw cutting, cleaning and the like in an aluminum processing factory, then subjected to delivery detection, packaged and transported to an automobile manufacturing factory through detected plates, and subjected to stamping forming, subsequent coating and baking finish treatment and the like in the automobile manufacturing factory. In the process of stamping forming, 6000 series aluminum alloy plates are prone to surface defects named 'roping', the surface defects are generally distributed along the Rolling Direction (RD) of the plates and can be seen by naked eyes, a schematic diagram of the surface defects of the 6000 series aluminum alloy plates is shown in figure 1, and the defects cannot be completely covered by subsequent coating and baking finish treatment, so that automobile body plates cannot meet the requirements of automobile outer plates on aesthetic property, and the wide application of the 6000 series aluminum alloy plates is influenced.
The generation of 6000 series aluminum alloy surface defects has great relation with textures, and the generation of the textures is not only related to the rolling deformation process, but also closely connected with the heat treatment process. The intermediate annealing between the hot rolling and the cold rolling is used as an indispensable heat treatment process, and the intermediate annealing has the functions of reducing or eliminating energy stored in the deformation process and avoiding coarsening crystal grains and precipitated phases of the energy; the other function is to reduce or eliminate the surface defects of the plate by forming a structure with randomly distributed grain orientation through intermediate annealing. The intermediate annealing process is greatly influenced by alloy components, when the alloy components are different, the intermediate annealing process is also properly adjusted, and if the intermediate annealing process is improperly or inadequately controlled and formed crystal grains have obvious orientation or uneven size, surface defects are likely to occur in the subsequent stamping forming process, so that the normal use of the plate is influenced.
Therefore, how to carry out proper intermediate annealing treatment on the alloy according to the characteristics of the alloy realizes the precise regulation and control of the morphology, the size and the orientation of the crystal grains of the alloy plate so as to improve the structure and the surface quality of the plate is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing 6000 series aluminum alloy preparation method, and develops an intermediate annealing heat treatment process suitable for a complex alloy system aiming at the technical characteristic that the alloy system presented by the existing 6000 series aluminum alloy automobile body plate is more complex, so that the surface quality of the plate is improved while the alloy structure morphology is improved and the baking varnish hardening yield strength increment is improved.
The above object can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
a heat treatment method of 6000 series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: the intermediate annealing treatment is realized by two steps, wherein the first step is as follows: annealing treatment is carried out after hot rolling and before cold rolling, and the temperature of the 6000 series aluminum alloy is increased from room temperature to the temperature T1Carrying out heat preservation treatment for t1Then from the temperature T1Cooling to room temperature; the second step is that: the 6000 series aluminum alloy is heated from room temperature to the temperature T between cold rolling passes2Carrying out heat preservation treatment for t2Then from the temperature T2Cooling to room temperature, wherein T is more than or equal to 350 ℃1≤T2≤500℃，0.5h≤t1＝t2The annealing treatment of the first step and the heat preservation treatment of the second step are both carried out in a heat treatment heating furnace.
The inventor finds that the shape, size, orientation and the like of crystal grains in the structure can be obviously improved by finely selecting and reasonably matching the intermediate annealing heat treatment process of the 6000 series aluminum alloy through a large amount of research and industrial practice, and the plate with good surface quality is obtained.
The preferred technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the intermediate annealing treatment is realized by two steps, wherein the first step is as follows: annealing treatment is carried out after hot rolling and before cold rolling, and the temperature of the 6000 series aluminum alloy is increased from room temperature to the temperature T1Carrying out heat preservation treatment for t1Then from the temperature T1Cooling to room temperature; the second step is that: after the first cold rolling pass and before the last cold rolling pass, the temperature of the 6000 series aluminum alloy is increased to the temperature T from room temperature2Carrying out heat preservation treatment for t2Then from the temperature T2Cooling to room temperature, wherein T is more than or equal to 380 DEG C1≤T2≤460℃，0.5h≤t1＝t2The annealing treatment of the first step and the heat preservation treatment of the second step are both carried out in a heat treatment heating furnace.
In the heat treatment method of 6000 series aluminum alloy and the preferable technical proposal thereof, the cooling mode in the first step and the second step is one or the combination of the strong wind cooling and the atomization cooling, aiming at avoiding the Mg separated out in the slow cooling process2The Si phase grows coarseness, which affects the subsequent solid solution treatment.
Preferably, in the heat treatment method of 6000 series aluminum alloy and the preferred technical scheme thereof, the heating mode, i.e. the heat treatment heating furnace can be one or a combination mode of an air furnace, an induction furnace and an infrared heating furnace, and the temperature is lower than 40 ℃ and can be considered to be cooled to room temperature.
Preferably, the 6000 series aluminum alloy contains Al, Mg, Si, Cu, Zn and at least one element selected from trace elements such as Zr, Mn, Ti, and V.
Preferably, in the 6000 series aluminum alloy, the mass percent of Zn is 0.3-1.5 wt%.
Preferably, the 6000 series aluminum alloy is a plate or strip product.
The heat treatment method of the 6000 series aluminum alloy can be used as an intermediate annealing heat treatment method for improving the surface defects of the 6000 series aluminum alloy automobile body plate, and can improve the surface quality of the plate while improving the alloy structure appearance and increasing the hardening yield strength increment of baking finish.
Compared with the traditional technical scheme, the method obviously improves the surface quality of the 6000 series aluminum alloy plate and eliminates the surface defects of the 6000 series aluminum alloy plate while maintaining the mechanical property of the 6000 series aluminum alloy plate, thereby having important significance for expanding the application range of the aluminum alloy automobile body plate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of surface defects of a 6000 series aluminum alloy plate.
Detailed Description
The invention discloses an intermediate annealing heat treatment method for improving surface defects of 6000 series aluminum alloy automobile body plates, which mainly comprises the following steps of: putting 6000 series aluminum alloy plates/coils into a heat treatment heating furnace, and realizing intermediate annealing treatment by two steps, wherein the first step is as follows: after hot rolling and before cold rolling, an intermediate annealing treatment is carried out to raise the temperature of the plate/coil from room temperature to a temperature T1Carrying out heat preservation treatment for t1Then from the temperature T1Cooling to room temperature, wherein the cooling mode is one or combination of strong air cooling and atomization cooling; the second step is that: raising the temperature of the plate/coil from room temperature to the temperature T before the last cold rolling pass after the first cold rolling pass2Carrying out heat preservation treatment for t2Then from the temperature T2Cooling to room temperature, wherein the cooling mode is one or combination of strong air cooling or atomization cooling, wherein T is more than or equal to 350 ℃1≤T2≤500℃，0.5h≤t1≤t2≤5h。
Example 1
The invention is applied to a commercial AA6016 aluminum alloy with nominal composition ranges (mass fraction,%): 0.25 to 0.6 percent of Mg, 1.0 to 1.5 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.5 percent of Fe, and the balance of Al and inevitable other impurities; a typical alloy composition is selected among: 0.45% Mg, 1.10% Si, 0.05% Cu, 0.15% Fe, 0.01% Ti, the balance Al and unavoidable other impurities. The alloy is subjected to links such as casting, homogenization heat treatment, hot rolling, intermediate annealing, cold rolling and the like to obtain a plate with the thickness of 1.0mm, the plate is put into an air furnace, and the intermediate annealing treatment is realized by two steps, namely: after hot rolling and before cold rolling, intermediate annealing treatment is carried out,the plate is heated from room temperature to the temperature T1Carrying out heat preservation treatment for t1Then from the temperature T1Cooling to room temperature in a strong air cooling mode; the second step is that: raising the temperature of the plate/coil from room temperature to the temperature T before the last cold rolling pass after the first cold rolling pass2Carrying out heat preservation treatment for t2Then from the temperature T2Cooling to room temperature by atomization, wherein 9 different heat treatment protocols were used for the intermediate annealing treatment, as shown in table 1.
Then, the cold rolled sheet is subjected to solution treatment, the sample after the solution quenching treatment is subjected to pre-aging treatment at 130 ℃/10min within 30min to obtain a T4P state sample, then, a part of the T4P state sample is subjected to pre-stretching at a speed of 3mm/min along the TD (vertical to the rolling direction) by 10 +/-1%, and meanwhile, a part of the TP state sample is subjected to simulated paint baking treatment at 175 ℃/30min after being placed at room temperature for 2 weeks to obtain a T6B state sample. And coating a lubricant (such as vegetable oil) on the surface of the pre-stretched sample, and polishing the pre-stretched sample along the length direction of the sample by using a 320-mesh grinding stone to expose the fresh metal surface of the sample so as to judge whether the surface defect of the sample occurs.
The properties of the alloys prepared by the above examples and comparative examples were compared, wherein the test for evaluating the surface quality grade was performed with reference to the general GMW 15420 standard, and the surface quality was represented by "grade 1 → grade 2 → grade 3 → grade 4" as the deterioration of the surface quality of the plate, wherein grade 1 and grade 2 represent that the surface of the plate is normal and no surface defect occurs, and grade 3 and grade 4 represent that the surface defect occurs, and if the surface defect occurs, the plate cannot satisfy the requirements of the automobile outer panel on the surface quality, which affects the normal use of the plate. The main performance test results are shown in table 2.
Comparing the performances of the T4P state and the T6B state in the table 2, it can be found that the increment of the hardening yield strength of the baking varnish after baking the 6016 aluminum alloy sheet material by the technical scheme of the present invention is slightly higher than that of the baking varnish by the traditional technical scheme, and after different intermediate annealing treatments, the surface quality of the T4P state sheet material is obviously higher than that of the traditional technical scheme, and the requirements of the automobile outer panel on the surface quality are all satisfied.
Table 1 process parameters for 9 different heat treatment protocols in example 1
| Process numbering | The present invention process (yes/no) | T1/℃ | t1/h | T2/℃ | t2/h |
| 1-1 | Whether or not | 400 | 1 | / | / |
| 1-2 | Whether or not | / | / | 400 | 1 |
| 1-3 | Whether or not | 415 | 1 | / | / |
| 1-4 | Is that | 380 | 2 | 400 | 2 |
| 1-5 | Is that | 400 | 2 | 400 | 2 |
| 1-6 | Is that | 400 | 2 | 430 | 2 |
| 1-7 | Is that | 430 | 2 | 430 | 2 |
| 1-8 | Is that | 430 | 2 | 450 | 2 |
| 1-9 | Is that | 450 | 2 | 500 | 2 |
TABLE 2 Properties of the alloys treated with different heat treatment schedules in example 1
Example 2
The invention is applied to a novel 6000-series aluminum alloy, and the nominal composition range (mass fraction percent): 0.8 to 1.6 percent of Mg, 0.4 to 1.0 percent of Si, 0.05 to 0.3 percent of Cu, 0.3 to 0.85 percent of Zn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Mn, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Zr, less than or equal to 0.35 percent of Fe, and the balance of Al and inevitable other impurities; one typical alloy composition is selected from: 1.20% of Mg, 0.60% of Si, 0.20% of Cu, 0.63% of Zn, 0.10% of Mn, 0.12% of Zr, 0.13% of Fe, and the balance of Al and inevitable other impurities. The alloy is subjected to links such as casting, homogenization heat treatment, hot rolling, intermediate annealing, cold rolling and the like to obtain a plate with the thickness of 1.0mm, the plate is placed in an induction furnace, the intermediate annealing treatment is realized by two steps, and the first step is as follows: after hot rolling and before cold rolling, an intermediate annealing treatment is carried out to raise the temperature of the plate/coil from room temperature to a temperature T1Carrying out heat preservation treatment for t1Then from the temperature T1Cooling to room temperature, and selecting atomization cooling in a cooling mode; the second step is that: raising the temperature of the plate/coil from room temperature to the temperature T before the last cold rolling pass after the first cold rolling pass2Carrying out heat preservation treatment for t2Then from the temperature T2Cooling to room temperature, wherein the cooling mode is a combination of strong air cooling and atomization cooling, and 9 different heat treatment schemes are adopted in the intermediate annealing treatment, as shown in table 3.
Then, the cold rolled sheet is subjected to solution treatment, the sample after the solution quenching treatment is subjected to pre-aging treatment at 130 ℃/10min within 30min to obtain a T4P state sample, then, a part of the T4P state sample is subjected to pre-stretching at the speed of 3mm/min by 10 +/-1% along the TD direction, and meanwhile, a part of the TP state sample is subjected to simulated baking finish treatment at 175 ℃/30min after being placed at room temperature for 2 weeks to obtain a T6B state sample. And coating a lubricant (such as vegetable oil) on the surface of the pre-stretched sample, and polishing the pre-stretched sample along the length direction of the sample by using a 320-mesh grinding stone to expose the fresh metal surface of the sample so as to judge whether the surface defect of the sample occurs.
The properties of the alloys prepared by the above examples and comparative examples were compared, wherein the test for evaluating the surface quality grade was performed with reference to the general GMW 15420 standard, and the surface quality was represented by "grade 1 → grade 2 → grade 3 → grade 4" as the deterioration of the surface quality of the plate, wherein grade 1 and grade 2 represent that the surface of the plate is normal and no surface defect occurs, and grade 3 and grade 4 represent that the surface defect occurs, and if the surface defect occurs, the plate cannot satisfy the requirements of the automobile outer panel on the surface quality, which affects the normal use of the plate. The main performance test results are shown in table 4.
Table 3 process parameters for 9 different heat treatment protocols in example 2
| Process numbering | The present invention process (yes/no) | T1/℃ | t1/h | T2/℃ | t2/h |
| 2-1 | Whether or not | 400 | 2 | / | / |
| 2-2 | Whether or not | 410 | 1 | / | / |
| 2-3 | Whether or not | 420 | 1 | / | / |
| 2-4 | Is that | 380 | 1 | 410 | 2 |
| 2-5 | Is that | 410 | 1 | 410 | 2 |
| 2-6 | Is that | 410 | 1 | 430 | 2 |
| 2-7 | Is that | 430 | 1 | 430 | 2 |
| 2-8 | Is that | 430 | 1 | 450 | 2 |
| 2-9 | Is that | 450 | 1 | 450 | 2 |
As can be seen from the performance data in Table 4, compared with the traditional technical scheme, the technical scheme of the invention can effectively improve the baking varnish hardening yield strength increment and the surface quality of the 6000 series aluminum alloy plate, is more favorable for improving the surface quality, and the surface quality of the plate subjected to different intermediate annealing treatments meets the requirements of the automobile outer plate.
TABLE 4 Properties of the alloys treated with different heat treatment schedules in example 2
From the examples 1 and 2, the intermediate annealing heat treatment process parameters of the 6000 series aluminum alloy automobile body plate are reasonably adjusted, so that the 6000 series aluminum alloy automobile body plate can obtain more excellent baking varnish hardening response characteristics than the traditional technical scheme; more importantly, the plate adopting the technical scheme of the invention has better surface quality, has no surface defects, is obviously superior to the traditional technical scheme, is beneficial to subsequent treatment of the plate, and has important significance for further improving the service performance of the 6000 series aluminum alloy plate and expanding the application range of the plate.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only some specific examples of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A heat treatment method of 6000 series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps of: 0.8-1.6% of Mg, 0.4-1.0% of Si, 0.05-0.3% of Cu, 0.3-0.85% of Zn, 0.05-0.15% of Mn, 0.05-0.15% of Zr, less than or equal to 0.35% of Fe, and the balance of Al and inevitable other impurities, wherein the 6000 series aluminum alloy is a plate or strip product and comprises the following steps:
(1) annealing treatment is carried out after hot rolling and before cold rolling, and the temperature of the 6000 series aluminum alloy is increased from room temperature to the temperature T1Carrying out heat preservation treatment for t1Then from the temperature T1Cooling to room temperature;
(2) the 6000 series aluminum alloy is heated from room temperature to the temperature T between cold rolling passes2Carrying out heat preservation treatment for t2Then from the temperature T2Cooling to room temperature;
wherein T is more than or equal to 410 DEG C1≤T2＜450℃，0.5h≤t1 ≤t2The annealing treatment in the step (1) and the heat preservation treatment in the step (2) are carried out in a heat treatment heating furnace;
after annealing treatment or heat preservation treatment in the step (1) and the step (2), a cooling mode of one or combination of a strong air cooling mode and an atomization cooling mode is adopted.
2. The method for heat-treating 6000 series aluminum alloy as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the heat treatment heating furnace is one of an air furnace, an induction furnace and an infrared heating furnace.
3. Use of the method for heat-treating 6000 series aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1 or 2 for improving surface defects of 6000 series aluminum alloy vehicle body panels.
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| CN106011560A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-10-12 | 苏州中色研达金属技术有限公司 | High-performance 5xxx series aluminium alloy and processing method thereof |
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| CN106011560A (en) * | 2016-07-13 | 2016-10-12 | 苏州中色研达金属技术有限公司 | High-performance 5xxx series aluminium alloy and processing method thereof |
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