CN108232344B - Battery low-temperature heating system and method coupled with non-dissipative equalization system - Google Patents
Battery low-temperature heating system and method coupled with non-dissipative equalization system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108232344B CN108232344B CN201810059438.5A CN201810059438A CN108232344B CN 108232344 B CN108232344 B CN 108232344B CN 201810059438 A CN201810059438 A CN 201810059438A CN 108232344 B CN108232344 B CN 108232344B
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G2/00—Details of capacitors not covered by a single one of groups H01G4/00-H01G11/00
- H01G2/08—Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements; Ventilating arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery low-temperature heating system and a battery low-temperature heating method for a coupling non-dissipative balancing system, wherein the battery low-temperature heating system comprises an energy storage element, an auxiliary battery heating device and a battery heating device; the auxiliary battery heating device is connected with the energy storage element and used for receiving the electric quantity from the energy storage element to heat the auxiliary battery, and the battery heating device is connected with the auxiliary battery and used for receiving the electric quantity from the auxiliary battery to heat the battery. The invention couples the non-dissipative balance energy storage element with the battery low-temperature heating heat source, improves the energy utilization rate of the non-dissipative balance, and solves the problems of low-temperature charging of the battery and cold start of the electric automobile.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a battery management system of an electric automobile, in particular to a battery low-temperature heating system and method coupled with a non-dissipative balancing system.
Background
The power battery is the key of the power system of the electric automobile and can provide electric power for the whole new energy system. The lithium ion battery has the advantages of high monomer voltage, high specific energy, small self-discharge rate, long cycle life and the like, and becomes the main force of the power battery of the electric automobile at home and abroad at present. The characteristics of the lithium ion battery are easily influenced by the ambient temperature, the electric power is reduced in a low-temperature environment, and the driving range of the automobile is reduced. Low temperature charging not only reduces the useful life and capacity of the battery, but also causes permanent damage to the battery. Therefore, in order to secure the safety and life of the battery, the battery temperature needs to be raised in a low temperature environment. At present, the low-temperature heating mode of the battery at home and abroad mainly comprises two modes of internal heating and external heating of the battery. The internal heating technology is not mature, and the safety of the battery cannot be guaranteed, and further research is still carried out. The external heating mode is various, and factor of safety is higher, but the selection of heat source has always been the hotspot and the difficult point of electric automobile field research.
In order to meet the requirements of the dynamic property and the driving range of the electric automobile, each electric automobile is provided with a battery pack formed by connecting a plurality of batteries in series and parallel. When a plurality of batteries are used simultaneously, battery heterogeneity can occur, so that a certain single battery reaches a discharge cut-off voltage firstly during discharging, and a certain single battery reaches a charge cut-off voltage firstly during charging. At this time, the batteries cannot be charged and discharged continuously, otherwise, the battery pack is damaged due to over-discharge or over-charge of some batteries. The battery pack needs to be equipped with an equalization system. Equalization is divided into dissipative equalization and non-dissipative equalization depending on the circuit topology. The dissipation type balance converts energy into dissipation, and in order to avoid overhigh heat of a balance resistor, the balance efficiency is generally low, and the balance time is long. The energy transfer is realized by non-dissipative balanced utilization of the energy storage element, and although the structure is complex, the energy can be recycled, so that the resource waste is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a battery low-temperature heating system and a method coupled with a non-dissipative balancing system. The system does not start the auxiliary battery at normal temperature, the energy storage element is only used for energy transfer among batteries, namely, the battery with high capacity discharges to the energy storage element, the energy storage element charges the obtained electric quantity to the battery with low electric quantity, and under the low-temperature environment, the energy storage element uses the obtained electric quantity to heat the auxiliary battery, and the auxiliary battery discharges to heat the battery after being heated to the proper temperature, so that the problems of low-temperature charging and cold starting of the battery are solved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a battery low-temperature heating system coupled with a non-dissipative balancing system comprises an energy storage element, an auxiliary battery heating device and a battery heating device; the auxiliary battery heating device is connected with the energy storage element and used for receiving the electric quantity from the energy storage element to heat the auxiliary battery, and the battery heating device is connected with the auxiliary battery and used for receiving the electric quantity from the auxiliary battery to heat the battery.
Furthermore, the energy storage element and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery are respectively connected through a control switch K, and the control switch K is used for realizing the transfer of energy from the battery to the energy storage element and the transfer of energy from the energy storage element to the battery.
Furthermore, voltage monitoring devices are arranged on the battery and the energy storage element and used for monitoring the voltage states of the battery and the energy storage element when the battery charges the energy storage element.
Furthermore, the auxiliary battery heating device is connected with the energy storage element through a control switch M, and the control switch M is used for realizing energy transfer from the energy storage element to the auxiliary battery heating device.
Furthermore, temperature sensors are arranged on the battery and the auxiliary battery.
Furthermore, the battery heating device is connected with the auxiliary battery through a control switch N, and the control switch N is used for realizing energy transfer from the auxiliary battery to the battery heating device.
Furthermore, the energy storage element is an electronic element which has a wide temperature use range and can be charged and discharged with a large current, and the energy storage element includes but is not limited to a super capacitor.
Further, the battery equalization reference includes, but is not limited to, a battery state of charge.
The working method of the battery low-temperature heating system based on the coupled non-dissipative balancing system comprises the steps that at normal temperature, the auxiliary battery does not work, the control switch M and the control switch N are disconnected, and the energy storage element is only used for energy transfer between batteries, namely, electric quantity is transferred from the high-charge battery to the low-charge battery until the energy of each battery is balanced.
A working method of a battery low-temperature heating system based on the coupling non-dissipative balancing system comprises the steps that in a low-temperature environment, a switch M is controlled to be closed, an energy storage element transfers the obtained electric quantity to an auxiliary battery heating device to heat an auxiliary battery, after the auxiliary battery is heated to a proper temperature, a switch N is controlled to be closed, the auxiliary battery discharges to the battery heating device to heat the battery, and the heating process is stopped until the temperature of the battery reaches a set temperature.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention provides a high-efficiency non-dissipative battery equalization method, which can transfer energy from a battery with higher electric quantity to a battery with lower electric quantity by using an energy storage element, so that the energy of single batteries of a battery pack can be rapidly uniform.
(2) The invention provides a system and a method for coupling a non-dissipative balanced energy storage element with a battery low-temperature heating heat source, which improve the energy utilization rate of non-dissipative balancing and solve the problems of low-temperature charging of batteries and cold starting of electric vehicles.
(3) The super capacitor is large in size and small in energy density, the whole battery pack is directly heated by the super capacitor, the super capacitor occupies a large size, and the cost is high.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery heating system coupled to a non-dissipative equalization system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the voltage monitoring device of the battery and the energy storage device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of an auxiliary battery and a temperature sensor of the battery according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a battery heating system coupled to a non-dissipative equalization system according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1. the device comprises a power battery, 2, a battery heating device, 3, an energy storage element, 4, an auxiliary battery, 5 and an auxiliary battery heating device.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed description of embodiments and drawings.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the present invention, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only terms of relationships determined for convenience of describing structural relationships of the parts or elements of the present invention, and are not intended to refer to any parts or elements of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, terms such as "fixedly connected", "connected", and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and mean either a fixed connection or an integrally connected or detachable connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be determined according to specific situations by persons skilled in the relevant scientific or technical field, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As described in the background art, in the prior art, dissipative equalization converts energy into dissipation, and in order to avoid the problems of excessively high heat of equalization resistors, low equalization efficiency and long equalization time, the present application provides a battery low-temperature heating system and method coupled to a non-dissipative equalization system, so as to solve the problems of low-temperature charging and cold start of a battery. Compared with the traditional equalizing system and the battery low-temperature heating system, the equalizing system has the advantages of higher equalizing efficiency, shorter time, higher energy utilization rate and more suitable and stable working environment of the battery.
As shown in fig. 1, a battery low-temperature heating system coupled with a non-dissipative balancing system comprises an energy storage element 3, an auxiliary battery 4, an auxiliary battery heating device 5 and a battery heating device 2; the energy storage element 3 is connected with the battery 1 and used for transferring electric quantity from a high-charge battery to a low-charge battery until the charge of the battery is balanced, the auxiliary battery heating device 5 is connected with the energy storage element 3 and used for receiving the electric quantity from the energy storage element 3 to heat the auxiliary battery 4, and the battery heating device 5 is connected with the auxiliary battery 4 and used for receiving the electric quantity from the auxiliary battery 4 to heat the battery 1.
The energy storage element 3 is connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery 1 through a control switch K respectively, and the control switch K is used for realizing the transfer of energy from the battery 1 to the energy storage element 3 and the transfer of energy from the energy storage element 3 to the battery 1.
The control switch K comprises K1+, K1-, K2+, K2- … … Kn + and Kn-.
As shown in fig. 2, voltage monitoring devices are disposed on the battery 1 and the energy storage element 3, and are used for monitoring voltage states of the battery 1 and the energy storage element 3 when the battery 1 charges the energy storage element 3.
The auxiliary battery heating device 5 is connected with the energy storage element 3 through a control switch M, and the control switch M is used for realizing energy transfer from the energy storage element 3 to the auxiliary battery heating device 5.
As shown in fig. 3, the battery 1 and the auxiliary battery 4 are provided with temperature sensors.
The temperature inside the battery is not uniform, and there is a temperature difference. The temperature sensors are disposed at the highest temperature region and the lowest temperature region within the battery, i.e., the temperature limit regions of the battery. And (4) performing simulation and test according to the shape and the structure of the battery so as to obtain a highest temperature area and a lowest temperature area. As shown in fig. 3, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35 are temperature limit regions in a certain structural battery, and thus the temperature sensors are disposed at the respective positions.
The battery heating device 2 is connected with the auxiliary battery 4 through a control switch N, and the control switch N is used for realizing energy transfer from the auxiliary battery 4 to the battery heating device 2.
The energy storage element 3 is an electronic element which has a wide temperature use range and can be charged and discharged with a large current, and includes but is not limited to a super capacitor.
The cell 1 equalization reference includes, but is not limited to, the cell state of charge.
The working method of the battery low-temperature heating system based on the coupled non-dissipative balancing system comprises the steps that at normal temperature, the auxiliary battery 4 does not work, the control switch M and the control switch N are disconnected, and the energy storage element 3 is only used for energy transfer between the batteries 1, namely, the electric quantity is transferred from the high-charge battery to the low-charge battery until the energy of each battery is balanced.
In a specific implementation, in order to fully discharge the battery as much as possible, the battery is equalized with reference to the SOC (State of Charge) of the battery. During charging, the battery with a high SOC is used to charge the energy storage element, and as shown in fig. 2, the battery voltage and the energy storage element voltage are monitored, and when the battery SOC meets a set requirement or the energy storage element reaches a full charge condition, the circuit is switched off. And switching on the energy storage element and the battery with low SOC to enable the energy storage element to charge the battery until the energy storage element is discharged and cut off, and switching off the circuit.
For example, suppose the ith battery is the battery with the highest SOC and the jth battery is the battery with the lowest SOC. By opening the control switches Ki + and Ki-, the ith battery is enabled to charge the energy storage element 3, the battery SOC and the energy storage element are monitored, and when the battery SOC of the ith battery reaches the set requirement or the energy storage element 3 reaches the full-charging condition, the switches Ki + and Ki-are disconnected. Then, switches Kj + and Kj-are opened, so that the energy storage element 3 charges the jth battery, and when the SOC of the jth battery meets the set requirement or the energy storage element 3 meets the discharge cutoff condition, the Kj + and the Kj-are closed.
And inquiring the highest SOC in the remaining batteries, and charging the energy storage element. The energy storage element charges the lowest SOC of the rest batteries. And circulating the steps until the SOC of the batteries in the battery pack is consistent.
When the energy storage element, such as a super capacitor, charges the battery, the super capacitor cannot be completely discharged according to the voltage of the battery and the discharge characteristics of the super capacitor.
A working method of a battery low-temperature heating system based on the coupling non-dissipative balancing system comprises the steps that in a low-temperature environment, a switch M is controlled to be closed, an energy storage element 3 transfers the obtained electric quantity to an auxiliary battery heating device 5 to heat an auxiliary battery 4, after the auxiliary battery is heated to a proper temperature, a switch N is controlled to be closed, the auxiliary battery 4 discharges to heat a battery heating device 2 to heat a battery 1, and the heating process is stopped until the temperature of the battery 1 reaches a set temperature.
In a medium-small battery system, the auxiliary battery can be omitted, and the energy storage element directly heats the battery, as shown in fig. 4.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A battery low temperature heating system of coupling non-dissipative balanced system, characterized in that: the device comprises an energy storage element, an auxiliary battery heating device and a battery heating device; the auxiliary battery heating device is connected with the energy storage element and used for receiving the electric quantity from the energy storage element to heat the auxiliary battery, and the battery heating device is connected with the auxiliary battery and used for receiving the electric quantity from the auxiliary battery to heat the battery;
the energy storage element is an electronic element which has a wide temperature application range and can be charged and discharged by large current, and comprises a super capacitor, and when a battery is charged, the super capacitor is not completely discharged;
the battery and the energy storage element are provided with voltage monitoring devices for monitoring the voltage states of the battery and the energy storage element when the battery charges the energy storage element;
the auxiliary battery heating device is connected with the energy storage element through a control switch M, and the control switch M is used for realizing energy transfer from the energy storage element to the auxiliary battery heating device;
the battery heating device is connected with the auxiliary battery through a control switch N, and the control switch N is used for realizing energy transfer from the auxiliary battery to the battery heating device.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the energy storage element is connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the battery through control switches K, and the control switches K are used for transferring energy from the battery to the energy storage element and from the energy storage element to the battery.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the battery and the auxiliary battery are provided with temperature sensors.
4. A method for operating a low-temperature battery heating system based on a coupled non-dissipative balancing system according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein at normal temperature, the auxiliary battery is not operated, the control switch M and the control switch N are turned off, and the energy storage element is used only for energy transfer between batteries, i.e. transferring the energy from the high-charge battery to the low-charge battery until the batteries are balanced.
5. A method for operating a low-temperature battery heating system based on a coupled non-dissipative balancing system according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein in a low-temperature environment, the control switch M is closed, the energy storage element transfers the obtained electric power to the auxiliary battery heating device for heating the auxiliary battery, after the auxiliary battery is heated to a suitable temperature, the control switch N is closed, the auxiliary battery discharges to the battery heating device for heating the battery, and the heating process is stopped until the battery temperature reaches a set temperature.
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| CN201810059438.5A CN108232344B (en) | 2018-01-22 | 2018-01-22 | Battery low-temperature heating system and method coupled with non-dissipative equalization system |
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Citations (3)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103887578A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-06-25 | 东风汽车公司 | Power battery heating method and power battery heating system for prolonging low-temperature cruising distance of electrical vehicle |
| CN104113110A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-22 | 三门峡速达交通节能科技股份有限公司 | Battery equalization circuit |
| CN105471012A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2016-04-06 | 褚秀清 | Power lithium-ion battery equalization circuit based on super capacitor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102074759B (en) * | 2010-07-30 | 2012-06-06 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Heating circuit of battery |
| DE102014012068A1 (en) * | 2014-08-13 | 2015-03-12 | Daimler Ag | A method of heating a battery and circuitry for heating a battery |
| CN205723844U (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-11-23 | 深圳市力为锂能科技有限公司 | A kind of lithium battery system that can be used for low temperature environment |
| CN107554335B (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2020-02-18 | 奇瑞新能源汽车技术有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted power system and automobile |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103887578A (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-06-25 | 东风汽车公司 | Power battery heating method and power battery heating system for prolonging low-temperature cruising distance of electrical vehicle |
| CN104113110A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-10-22 | 三门峡速达交通节能科技股份有限公司 | Battery equalization circuit |
| CN105471012A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2016-04-06 | 褚秀清 | Power lithium-ion battery equalization circuit based on super capacitor |
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