CN108229038B - Model construction method and conduction process simulation method for three-electrode field distortion gas switch - Google Patents
Model construction method and conduction process simulation method for three-electrode field distortion gas switch Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a model construction method and a conduction process simulation method of a three-electrode field distortion gas switch, aiming at representing a conduction process from external trigger voltage to complete closing of the switch after certain trigger and through time delay more intuitively. The invention enables the whole switch conduction process to be equivalent to the respective breakdown process of two independent gaps, and determines the breakdown mode of the whole switch through the conduction starting condition, so that the breakdown mode is closer to the actual use condition of the switch. By setting the conduction control conditions of the voltage-controlled switch in the structural circuit, the information such as gap breakdown starting criterion, conduction process delay, jitter and the like is introduced into the switch model, so that the simulation of the whole conduction process is more real. The control mode of switch conduction can be changed according to actual conditions by changing the starting judgment condition of gap conduction, the form is flexible and various, and the method is suitable for simulation and emulation of the switch conduction process in most applications in the technical field of pulse power.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of pulse power, and relates to a model construction method of a three-electrode field distortion gas switch and a simulation method of a conduction process.
Background
In the process of developing, debugging and operating a high-power and high-voltage pulse device, a method of performing circuit modeling and simulation on the real charging and discharging process of the device is generally adopted to obtain the state information of key components and key parts of the device. Accurate modeling and simulation of the whole operation process have important guiding significance for early design, index debugging and even discovery and elimination of faults in the subsequent operation process of the pulse power device. The gas switch is used as a common and key state switching component in a large-scale pulse power device, comprehensively and truly simulates the conduction process of the gas switch, and is of great importance for improving the accuracy and the practicability of a circuit simulation model of the whole device. The switch conduction process is influenced by a plurality of parameters such as trigger voltage, working voltage, structural parameters, current rise time, jitter and the like, wherein related time parameters (such as trigger and conduction delay and jitter) have very obvious influence on the internal voltage establishment process and the final output result of the pulse power device.
The three-electrode field distortion gas switch has the advantages of high voltage resistance, short through-current time, compact structure, stable and reliable triggering and the like, and is widely applied to large-scale pulse power devices. The three-electrode field distortion gas switch structure is shown in fig. 1 and mainly comprises a pair of main electrodes, a trigger electrode arranged in the middle of the main electrodes, and a supporting insulator positioned between the main electrodes and the trigger electrode. This configuration determines the separation of the main gap of the switching discharge by the trigger electrode into two relatively independent small gaps, gap 1 and gap 2 as shown. Due to the extremely complex physical process of gas discharge and the great randomness, the conducting process of the switch with two independent gas gaps also becomes very complex, and great difficulty is brought to the simulation of the conducting process of the switch based on circuit modeling.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the background technology, the invention provides a model construction method and a conduction process simulation method for a three-electrode field distortion gas switch, and the method can more intuitively represent the conduction process from the arrival of external trigger voltage to the complete closing of the switch after certain trigger and through delay.
Under the combined action of the working voltage and the trigger voltage, the three-electrode field distortion gas switch shown in fig. 1 may have two working modes of sequential breakdown and two-gap synchronous breakdown.
The switch-on process in the sequential breakdown mode is shown in FIG. 2, which takes the trigger voltage action start time as the time start point and delays for a period of time taThen, one of the gap voltages is at the trigger voltage and worksBreakdown occurs when the voltage reaches its self-breakdown voltage under the combined action of the voltages. Wherein, taThe triggering delay, defined as the switching gap, is mainly composed of the statistical delay required to generate valid electrons and the formation delay required for the discharge stream channel to form and cause the gap resistance to begin to collapse. Since the above processes are random, the delay time t is very longaThere is a certain deviation in the different discharge times, i.e. there is a certain jitter Δ t in the trigger time delaya. After breakdown of one gap, the voltage across the main gap will completely act on the other gap causing it to over-voltage and thus conduct. The initiation and development of the discharge takes a certain time, so that there is a delay time t from the conduction of the first gap to the breakdown of the second gapd. At the same time, the delay time tdThere is also a certain jitter Δ td. After the two gaps are conducted, the voltage on the main gap collapses and finally drops to zero, and the whole switch is completely conducted. This process also requires a certain delay time t due to the gradual expansion and development of the plasma discharge channel in the gap, i.e. the collapse of the channel resistance, which is a processcI.e. the gap penetration delay.
Under the synchronous breakdown mode of the two gaps, the two gaps of the switch almost simultaneously reach a static breakdown point under the action of trigger voltage to start breakdown. After the processes of effective electron generation, fluid flow formation, channel resistance collapse and the like, the whole switch is finally conducted.
Therefore, no matter what working mode, the time delay process of single switch gap breakdown can be simplified and equivalent to the time delay t caused by triggeringaAnd clearance through delay tcTwo parts are formed.
In the field of pulse power technology, circuit simulation of large-scale device operation state usually utilizes mature commercial circuit simulation software, such as Pspice, Matlab, Multisim, and the like. The circuit simulation software has the advantages of friendly interface, simple and convenient operation and more visual established model; the software self-contained device library is mostly a conventional ideal device and cannot truly reflect the actual working process of the unconventional device under special conditions. Therefore, the invention realizes the simulation of the working process of the complex device by using the basic device of the circuit simulation software and a special circuit construction method.
Inventive concept of the present invention (see fig. 3):
1. and (4) a construction idea of a switch structure model.
The three-electrode switch is equivalent to two relatively independent gap discharge loops, and the two loops are mutually influenced by the triggering mode of respective voltage-controlled switches and the association of the time, so that a whole is formed to represent the breakdown conduction process of the whole switch. By setting the trigger condition of the voltage-controlled switch, the introduction of important information of switch conduction processes such as trigger initiation, trigger delay, conduction delay, delay jitter and the like is realized.
2. Setting idea of switch conduction initial judgment condition setting.
The method is characterized in that circuit simulation software such as Pspice and the like is used for setting the trigger condition of the voltage-controlled switch by a self-contained programmable voltage source device through reasonable selection of the device and writing of an editable expression. And selecting a single-port programmable voltage source, and comparing with a fixed voltage value or time of a set port to realize the setting of the switch conducting node. Selecting a two-port programmable voltage source, confirming the conduction condition of the switch by adopting a mode of comparing a voltage and time integral value with a set value, and keeping the conduction state of the switch.
3. The switch through delay, the trigger delay and the jitter are introduced into the design idea of the switch model.
The circuit simulation software such as Pspice and the like is used for realizing switch trigger delay, through delay and introduction of jitter by utilizing a programmable current source device and combining a unit charging circuit. The triggering delay starting and the setting of the numerical value are realized by setting an internal expression and parameters of the current source and combining the conversion of the charging voltage and the delay time brought by the selection of the parameters of the charging circuit device of the unit; the setting of the switch through delay is realized by setting the conduction condition parameters of the controllable voltage source and combining the output result of the unit charging circuit.
The technical solution of the invention is as follows:
the model construction method of the three-electrode field distortion gas switch comprises the following steps:
step 1), a three-electrode field distortion gas switch is equivalent to a switch model formed by connecting two switch structure loops with the same topological structure in series, and the switch model is built by using circuit simulation software; the two equivalent switch structure loops are mutually influenced by the association of respective voltage-controlled switch triggering modes and time;
step 2), setting the parameters of the switch model conduction process control loop, comprising the following steps:
(1) setting a conducting condition of the switch model;
(2) setting the trigger delay and the jitter of one gap of the switch model;
(3) and setting the through time delay and the jitter of the other gap of the switch model.
Further, the circuit simulation software adopted in the step 1) is Pspice, Matlab or Multisim.
Further, the circuit simulation software adopted in the step 1) is Pspice.
Further, the switch structure loop in the step 1) includes a structure capacitor Cp, an insulation resistor Rins, a voltage-controlled switch, a resistor Rs and an inductor Ls of a spark channel after two independent gaps are conducted; the voltage-controlled switch, the resistor Rs and the inductor Ls are connected in series and then are connected with the structural capacitor Cp and the insulation resistor Rins in parallel.
Further, in the step 2), the conduction condition of the switch model is a ratio of an absolute value of a voltage of an external port of the switch structure loop representing the switch structure parameter to a theoretical static breakdown voltage of a single gap corresponding to the absolute value, or a breakdown time of the single gap corresponding to the absolute value.
Further, in the step 2), a specific method for setting the trigger delay and the jitter of one of the gaps of the switch model includes: the circuit form that a unit capacitor RC charging circuit is connected in series between two controllable constant current sources is utilized to simulate the gap trigger time delay of a switch; the whole loop is triggered and delayed by the gap of a capacitor charging time equivalent switch; and the capacitance in the RC charging loop is set as a variable device with tolerance, and the change of the charging time caused by the capacitance represents the jitter of the trigger delay of the switch gap.
Further, in the step 2), a specific method for setting the through delay and the jitter of the other gap of the switch model includes: the method comprises the steps that a unit capacitor RC charging circuit is matched with a control voltage value of a voltage control switch in a gap structure circuit, gap through delay and jitter are set, wherein the gap through delay is set by setting the time of the voltage of a switch control end in the switch structure circuit between a turn-on voltage and a turn-off voltage, and the through delay jitter is set by setting a capacitor in the RC circuit to be a variable device with tolerance.
The invention also provides a method for simulating the conduction process of the three-electrode field distortion gas switch, which comprises the following steps:
a, constructing a switch model of a three-electrode field distortion gas switch by using the method and setting parameters of a conducting process control loop of the switch model;
and B, simulating the switch conduction process based on the switch model to obtain a simulation result.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. referring to fig. 3, the whole switch conduction process is equivalent to the breakdown process of each of two independent gaps, and the breakdown mode of the whole switch is determined by the conduction starting condition, so that the breakdown mode is closer to the actual use condition of the switch. By setting the conduction control conditions of the voltage-controlled switch in the structural circuit, the information such as gap breakdown starting criterion, conduction process delay, jitter and the like is introduced into the switch model, so that the simulation of the whole conduction process is more real. The control mode of switch conduction can be changed according to actual conditions by changing the starting judgment condition of gap conduction, the form is flexible and various, and the method is suitable for simulation and emulation of the switch conduction process in most applications in the technical field of pulse power.
2. The conduction triggering mode can be set as voltage control, current control or time control according to actual conditions, is flexible and various in form, and is suitable for simulation and emulation of the conduction state of most gas switches in the technical field of pulse power.
3. By introducing time delay and jitter parameters at different stages in the triggering and conducting process of the voltage-controlled switch, the uncertainty of the switch conducting process caused by the complexity and randomness of the gas breakdown physical process is represented, and thus the time parameters are introduced into the simulation process of the switch conducting.
4. The time parameter of the gas switch conducting process is included, and the actual working condition is more approximate.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-electrode field distortion gas switch configuration;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the gas switch triggering and conducting process shown in fig. 1, which represents the whole process of breakdown discharge of the gas switch under the action of the operating voltage (voltage between main electrodes) and the trigger voltage;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a switch model constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, S1 and S2 are ideal voltage control switches respectively; rs is the single spark channel equivalent resistance; ls is a single spark channel equivalent inductance; cp is a structural capacitor between the switch main electrode and the trigger electrode; cp0 is a switched main inter-electrode structure capacitor; rins is the equivalent insulation resistance of the gas gap;
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of the trigger control and delay setting of the switch model shown in FIG. 4;
6-8 are graphs comparing simulation results and actual measurement results of the switching circuit model established according to the method;
FIG. 6 is a graph comparing voltage measurements on the switch trigger to analog values;
FIG. 7 is a graph comparing measured and simulated voltage values on a switched rear resistor load;
fig. 8 is a comparison of measured values of discharge loop current with simulated values.
Detailed Description
The core of the whole simulation process is the construction of a three-electrode field distortion gas switch model, and the construction of the switch model in Pspice is taken as an example to describe the construction method of the switch model in detail.
First, establishment of switch model
In order to reflect the characteristic that the three-electrode field distortion gas switch has two independent gas gaps more truly, in the present embodiment, at the stage of setting the switch structure loop, the Pspice self-contained basic circuit element is used to make the switch structure loop equivalent to two serially connected models with the same circuit topology, as shown in fig. 4. Wherein, Cp and Rins respectively represent the respective structure capacitance and insulation resistance of the two independent gaps, Rs and Ls respectively represent the resistance and inductance of the spark channel after the two independent gaps are conducted, and S1 and S2 respectively represent the ideal voltage-controlled switch for switching the states of the two independent gaps. The conduction of the whole switch is realized by the switching of the working states of the controllable switches S1 and S2. Meanwhile, the simulation of the whole process from the conduction starting to the complete penetration of the switch is realized through the setting of the conduction control conditions of S1 and S2.
Setting of control loop parameters of conduction process of switch model
1. Switch conduction initial control setting (including initial condition selection and setting)
Taking the ratio of the absolute value of the port voltage of the external port (1, 3 or 2, 3) of the topology circuit representing the switch structure parameters shown in fig. 4 to the theoretical static breakdown voltage of the single gap corresponding to (1, 3 or 2, 3), or taking the gap breakdown time corresponding to (1, 3 or 2, 3) as the judgment basis of the switch gap discharge initiation. The function of condition judgment and time integration can be well realized by utilizing the editable voltage source carried by the Pspice.
When the voltage ratio is larger than or equal to 1 or the breakdown time meets a set value, the voltage source with the condition judgment function outputs a high potential 1, and when the voltage ratio is smaller than 1 or does not meet the time setting, the output is 0;
the voltage source with time integration function is connected in series with the editable voltage source to perform time integration on the output potential value, and when the integrated value is larger than a set value (the set value represents the duration that the actual gap voltage is larger than the static breakdown voltage, namely the overvoltage action time), the voltage source outputs high potential 1, and if the integrated value is not larger than the set value, the voltage source outputs 0. That is, when the applied voltage across one of the gaps of the switch is greater than the static breakdown voltage or meets a certain time set value and lasts for a certain time, the gap meets the discharge initiation condition and breakdown begins to occur.
2. Setting of trigger delay and jitter of one of the gaps
Is used to characterize the time period from the onset of breakdown to the onset of collapse of the gap insulation resistance. The trigger delay of the switch is simulated by using a circuit form that a unit capacitor RC charging loop is connected in series between two voltage-controlled constant current sources. The circuit is connected in series with the switch structure loop established in the step 1, when the front voltage source outputs high potential 1, the first voltage-controlled constant current source starts to output constant current with amplitude of 1A, and the capacitor with capacitance value of 1nF is charged through the resistor with resistance value of 1 omega. According to the equation It is known that the charging time t of the circuit corresponds to the charging voltage U of the capacitor, i.e. the charging voltage of the capacitor is 1V when the charging time is 1 ns. Then, the capacitor voltage is used as the input voltage of the next stage current source, when the capacitor voltage is larger than a certain set value, the next stage voltage-controlled constant current source starts to act, and the high potential 1 is output. The whole circuit is equivalent to the trigger conduction delay of the switch by the capacitor charging time, and the setting of one-section delay of the gap conduction control circuit is completed. Meanwhile, the capacitance in the RC charging loop is set as a variable device with a certain tolerance on the capacitance value, and the jitter of the delay process is characterized by the change of the charging time caused by the capacitance value.
3. Setting of the through-delay of the other gap and its jitter
For characterizing the period of time from the onset of collapse of the gas gap from the insulation resistance to full switching of the entire gap. The setting of the gap through delay and the jitter thereof is realized by matching a unit capacitor RC charging circuit with a control voltage set value of a voltage control switch in a gap structure circuit.
An ideal voltage control switch in the Pspice has two control parameters, namely an on voltage Von and an off voltage Voff. When the voltage of the switch control input end is greater than the conduction voltage Von, the switch is completely switched on; when the voltage of the input end is smaller than the off-voltage Voff, the switch is completely turned off; the switching impedance changes exponentially from a maximum value to a minimum value when the voltage is between the on voltage Von and the off voltage Voff. With this property of the model, the setting of the through-delay can be achieved by setting the time for which the switch control terminal voltage amplitude is between the on-voltage Von and the off-voltage Voff. Taking the output end of the last voltage-controlled constant current source in the previous step as an input power supply of the RC charging loop in the current step; when the voltage-controlled constant current source outputs a high potential 1A, the capacitor in the RC charging loop starts to charge, the voltage on the capacitor reaches the set value of the breakover voltage Von after the set time delay, and the voltage-controlled switch is completely turned on. When the two voltage-controlled switches in the switch structure loop are both conducted, the whole switch finishes the conducting process. Also, the setting of the through delay jitter is realized by setting the capacitance in the RC loop to be tolerant.
The switch conducting process can be simulated based on the switch circuit model established in the embodiment; when the set conditions meet the switch conducting conditions, the switch starts to act, the two gaps are conducted in sequence through set time delay and jitter, and the whole switch conducting process is finished; fig. 6 to 8 are graphs comparing the conduction process simulation result of the switching circuit model established based on the above embodiment with the actual measurement result of the switch, and it can be seen that the simulated conduction process of the switching circuit model established based on the above embodiment is very close to the actual process, and can truly reflect the conduction process of the three-electrode field distortion gas switch.
In other embodiments, a switch circuit model may be established on the basis of circuit simulation software such as Matlab and Multisim, and then the three-electrode field distortion gas switch conduction process simulation is performed on the basis of the established switch circuit model, and the specific construction method of the switch model is the same as the idea of the simulation method of the above embodiment on the basis of Pspice device modeling. It should be noted that, for the control of the switch conducting process, besides voltage control, current control or time control may also be adopted.
Claims (6)
1. The model construction method of the three-electrode field distortion gas switch is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1), a three-electrode field distortion gas switch is equivalent to a switch model formed by connecting two switch structure loops with the same topological structure in series, and the switch model is built by using circuit simulation software; the two equivalent switch structure loops are mutually influenced by the association of respective voltage-controlled switch triggering modes and time;
the switch structure loop comprises a structure capacitor Cp, an insulation resistor Rins, a voltage-controlled switch, a resistor Rs and an inductor Ls of a spark channel after two independent gaps are conducted; the voltage-controlled switch, the resistor Rs and the inductor Ls are connected in series and then are connected in parallel with the structural capacitor Cp and the insulation resistor Rins; setting trigger delay, through delay and jitter of a gap by using a unit capacitor RC charging circuit and combining a voltage control switch in a gap structure circuit;
step 2), setting the parameters of the switch model conduction process control loop, comprising the following steps:
(1) setting a conducting condition of the switch model;
(2) setting the trigger delay and the jitter of one gap of the switch model;
(3) and setting the through time delay and the jitter of the other gap of the switch model.
2. The model construction method of a three-electrode field distortion gas switch according to claim 1, characterized in that: the circuit simulation software adopted in the step 1) is Pspice, Matlab or Multisim.
3. The model construction method of a three-electrode field distortion gas switch according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the step 2), the conduction condition of the switch model is that the ratio of the absolute value of the voltage of the external port of the switch structure loop representing the switch structure parameter to the theoretical static breakdown voltage of the single gap corresponding to the absolute value is a certain set value; or the conduction condition of the switch model is that the breakdown time of a single gap corresponding to the absolute value of the voltage of the external port of the switch structure loop representing the switch structure parameter is a set value.
4. The model construction method of a three-electrode field distortion gas switch according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the step 2), a specific method for setting the trigger delay and the jitter of one of the gaps of the switch model is as follows: the circuit form that a unit capacitor RC charging circuit is connected in series between two controllable constant current sources is utilized to simulate the gap trigger time delay of a switch; the whole loop is triggered and delayed by the gap of a capacitor charging time equivalent switch; and the capacitance in the RC charging loop is set as a variable device with tolerance, and the change of the charging time caused by the capacitance represents the jitter of the trigger delay of the switch gap.
5. The model construction method of a three-electrode field distortion gas switch according to claim 4, characterized in that: in the step 2), a specific method for setting the through delay and the jitter of the other gap of the switch model includes: the method comprises the steps that a unit capacitor RC charging circuit is matched with a control voltage value of a voltage control switch in a gap structure circuit, gap through delay and jitter are set, wherein the gap through delay is set by setting the time of the voltage of a switch control end in the switch structure circuit between a turn-on voltage and a turn-off voltage, and the through delay jitter is set by setting a capacitor in the RC circuit to be a variable device with tolerance.
6. The method for simulating the conduction process of the three-electrode field distortion gas switch is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step A, constructing a switch model of a three-electrode field distortion gas switch by using the method of any one of claims 1 to 5;
and B, simulating the switch conduction process based on the switch model to obtain a simulation result.
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