CN108229038A - The model building method and turn on process analogy method of three electrode field distortion gas switch - Google Patents

The model building method and turn on process analogy method of three electrode field distortion gas switch Download PDF

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CN108229038A
CN108229038A CN201810022759.8A CN201810022759A CN108229038A CN 108229038 A CN108229038 A CN 108229038A CN 201810022759 A CN201810022759 A CN 201810022759A CN 108229038 A CN108229038 A CN 108229038A
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switch
gap
turn
delay
field distortion
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CN108229038B (en
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贾伟
郭帆
陈志强
汤俊萍
李俊娜
杨天
陈维青
曾江涛
邱爱慈
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Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology
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    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F30/00Computer-aided design [CAD]
    • G06F30/30Circuit design
    • G06F30/36Circuit design at the analogue level
    • G06F30/367Design verification, e.g. using simulation, simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis [SPICE], direct methods or relaxation methods

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Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of model building methods and turn on process analogy method of three electrodes field distortion gas switch, it is intended to which more intuitive characterization arrives from external trigger voltage, the turn on process being closed completely after certain triggering and perforation delay to switch.The present invention makes its actual use situation with switch more close by the way that entire switch conduction process is equivalent to two independent respective breakdown process in gap, and pass through and the breakdown mode that initial conditions determine entirely to switch is connected.By the setting to the conducting control condition of votage control switch in structural circuit, gap breakdown is originated into the information such as criterion, turn on process delay and shake and is introduced in switch models, the simulation for making entire turn on process is more true.The change of starting Rule of judgment is connected by gap, the control mode of switch conduction can be changed according to actual conditions, flexible form is various, the simulation and emulation of such switch conduction process suitable for technical field of pulse power major applications.

Description

The model building method and turn on process analogy method of three electrode field distortion gas switch
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of pulse power, are related to a kind of model building method of three electrodes field distortion gas switch With the analogy method of turn on process.
Background technology
In high-power, high-pressure pulse device development, debugging and operational process, generally use true charge and discharge to device Cheng Jinhang circuit modelings and the method for emulation carry out the status information of acquisition device critical component, key position.Whole service process Accurate modeling and emulation, for the hair of failure during design pulse power device early period, index debugging or even follow-up operation Now with exclusion, it is respectively provided with important directive significance.Gas switch is as state common and crucial in large-scale pulse power device Switching part really simulates its turn on process comprehensively, for improving the accuracy and reality of whole device circuit simulation model It is most important with property.The crowds such as the toggled voltage of switch conduction process, operating voltage, structural parameters, current rise time, shake The influence of multi-parameter, the time-parameters being directed to (such as triggering and conducting delay and its shake) are to pulse power device inside electricity Pressure, which establishes process and final output result, has very significant impact.
Three electrode field distortion gas switch because with withstanding voltage is high, throughput time is fast, compact-sized, triggering stabilization can By the advantages that, be widely used in large-scale pulse power device.Three electrode field distortion gas switch structures are as shown in Figure 1, main It will be by a pair of of main electrode, a trigger electrode for being placed in main electrode centre position and between main electrode and trigger electrode Supporting insulator composition.The structures shape switch discharge main gap electrode that is triggered is divided into two relatively independent small Gap, as shown in FIG. gap 1 and gap 2.Since gas discharge physical process is extremely complex, and with very big randomness, institute So that the turn on process of the switch in separate gas gap also to become sufficiently complex there are two such tools, thus built based on circuit The simulation of such switch conduction process of mould brings very big difficulty.
Invention content
Based on above-mentioned background technology, the present invention provides a kind of model building method of three electrodes field distortion gas switch and Turn on process analogy method, this method more can be characterized intuitively to arrive from external trigger voltage, passes through centainly to switch The turn on process being closed completely after triggering and perforation delay.
Three electrode field distortion gas switch shown in Fig. 1 operating voltage under trigger voltage collective effect it is possible that suitable Sequence punctures and two Dwell syncs puncture two kinds of operating modes.
Sequence breakdown mode lower switch turn on process is as shown in Fig. 2, to trigger pole tension effect initial time as the time Point, through one section of delay time taAfterwards, wherein a gap voltage reaches it certainly under triggering pole tension and operating voltage collective effect Puncture during breakdown voltage.Wherein, taThe trigger delay of switch gap is defined as, mainly as the system needed for generation effective electron Meter delay and electric discharge streamer channel form and cause gas resistance that the formation time delay composition for caving in required takes place.Because of above-mentioned mistake Journey is respectively provided with very big randomness, so delay time taThere are certain deviation in different discharge times, that is, when triggering Prolong that there are certain shake △ ta.After one gap breakdown, the voltage on main gap, which will be acted on completely on another gap, makes it Overvoltage occurs, and then is connected.The starting of electric discharge and development need regular hour, therefore it is conducting to the from first gap Breakdown takes place in two gaps, and there are a delay time td.Meanwhile delay time tdThere is also certain shake △ td。 After two gaps are connected, main gap powers on pressure life and caves in, and is finally reduced to zero, entirely switchs fully on.This process Also gradually expanding with developing because of gap plasma discharge channel, i.e. aisle resistance are caved in there are a process, and are needed Want certain delay time tc, i.e. gap perforation delay.
Under two Dwell sync breakdown modes, two gaps of switch almost reach static breakdown simultaneously under trigger voltage effect It puts and breakdown takes place.It generates by effective electron, after the processes such as streamer is formed, aisle resistance caves in, eventually leads to entire Switch is connected.
As it can be seen that no matter which kind of operating mode, the delay process simplification of single switch gap breakdown can be equivalent to by touching Hair delay taDelay t is penetrated through with gapcTwo parts form.
In technical field of pulse power, the circuit simulation of large-scale plant operating status is usually imitated using ripe commercial circuit True software, such as Pspice, Matlab, Multisim.The advantages of these circuit simulating softwares is friendly interface, easy to operate, Institute's established model is more intuitive;Shortcoming is that software carries the mostly conventional ideal component of component inventory, can not really be reflected under specific condition The practical work process of unconventional device.Therefore, the elemental device that the present invention is carried using circuit simulating software, by special Circuit construction method realizes the simulation of the complex devices course of work.
The inventive concept of the present invention (referring to Fig. 3):
1st, the Constructed wetlands of construction of switch model.
Three electrode switch are equivalent to two relatively independent gap discharge circuits, pass through respective votage control switch therebetween Triggering mode with when engrave be associated with and influence each other, be connected so as to form an entirety to characterize the breakdown entirely switched Journey.By the setting of votage control switch trigger condition, realize triggering starting, Time delay, conducting delay and delay jitter etc. and open Close the introducing of turn on process important information.
2nd, the setting thinking of switch conduction starting decision condition setting.
Programmable voltage source device is carried using circuit simulating softwares such as Pspice, by the Rational choice of device with that can compile Writing for expression formula is collected, realizes the setting of votage control switch trigger condition.Single port programmable voltage source is chosen, using with setting end The method that mouth fixed voltage value or time are compared realizes switch conduction node sets.Two-port netwerk programmable voltage source is chosen, Using voltage in a manner that time integral value is compared with setting value, the condition of switch conduction is confirmed, and keep switch-turn-ON states.
3rd, perforation delay, Time delay and its mentality of designing for shaking insertion switch model will be switched.
Programmable current source device, combining unit charging circuit are carried using circuit simulating softwares such as Pspice, realization is opened Close Time delay and perforation delay and its introducing of shake.Pass through the setting of current source internal expression and parameter, combining unit The charging voltage and the conversion of delay time that the selection of charging circuit device parameters is brought realize Time delay starting and numerical value Setting;By the setting of controllable voltage source turn-on condition parameter, the output of combining unit charging circuit is as a result, realize switch perforation The setting of delay.
The present invention technical solution be:
The model building method of three electrode field distortion gas switch, includes the following steps:
Three electrode field distortion gas switch are equivalent to the construction of switch for having identical topological structure by two time by step 1) Road switch models in series build the switch models using circuit simulating software;Two equivalent construction of switch circuits By respective votage control switch triggering mode with when engrave be associated with to influence each other;
Step 2), the setting switch models turn on process control loop parameter, including:
(1) turn-on condition of the switch models is set;
(2) Time delay and its shake in one of gap of the switch models are set;
(3) the perforation delay and its shake in another gap of the switch models are set.
Further, the circuit simulating software used in the step 1) is Pspice, Matlab or Multisim.
Further, the circuit simulating software used in the step 1) is Pspice.
Further, the construction of switch circuit in the step 1) includes structure capacitive Cp, insulation resistance Rins, voltage-controlled opens It closes, the resistance Rs of flame path and inductance Ls after two independent gap conductings;It is same after votage control switch, resistance Rs and inductance Ls series connection When it is in parallel with structure capacitive Cp and insulation resistance Rins.
Further, in the step 2), the turn-on condition of switch models is the switch for characterizing construction of switch parameter The ratio of the absolute value of the external-connected port port voltage of structure loop and its corresponding single critical gap theory Static Breakdown Voltage or Person and the breakdown moment in the single gap corresponding to it.
Further, it in the step 2), sets the Time delay in one of gap of the switch models and its trembles Dynamic specific method is:Utilize the circuit form of one cell capacitance RC charge circuit of string among two controllable constant-current sources, simulation The gap Time delay of switch;Entire circuit is with the gap Time delay of capacitor charging time equivalent switch;By RC charge circuits In capacitance be set as capacitance there is the variable device of tolerance, characterizing switch gap by the variation in charging time caused by capacitance touches Send out the shake of delay.
Further, in the step 2), the perforation delay and its shake in another gap of switch models shown in setting Specific method be:Utilize the control voltage value phase of a cell capacitance RC charge circuit and votage control switch in interstitial structure circuit The setting of gap perforation delay and its shake is realized in cooperation, wherein, pass through the switch control terminal electricity in configuration switch structure loop It is pressed in conducting voltage and time for turning off between voltage realizes the setting of gap perforation delay, by by capacitance settings in RC circuits For the variable device with tolerance, the setting of perforation delay jitter is realized.
Invention also provides a kind of turn on process analogy method of three electrodes field distortion gas switch, including following step Suddenly:
Step A, the switch models of three electrode field distortion gas switch are built using the above method and sets the switching molding Type turn on process control loop parameter;
Step B, based on the switch models analog switch turn on process, analog result is obtained.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1st, referring to Fig. 3, by the way that entire switch conduction process is equivalent to, two independent gaps are respective to be punctured the present invention Journey, and pass through and the breakdown mode that initial conditions determine entirely to switch is connected, make its actual use situation with switch more close. By the setting to the conducting control condition of votage control switch in structural circuit, gap breakdown is originated into criterion, turn on process is delayed And the information such as shake are introduced in switch models, the simulation for making entire turn on process is more true.Sentenced by gap conducting starting The change of broken strip part can change the control mode of switch conduction according to actual conditions, and flexible form is various, suitable for pulse power The simulation and emulation of such switch conduction process in technical field major applications.
2nd, conducting triggering mode can be set according to actual conditions as voltage control, current control or time control, form spirit Work is various, suitable for the simulation and emulation of technical field of pulse power major part gas switch conducting state.
3rd, by different phase time delays during votage control switch triggering and conducting with shake parameter introducing, characterization because The uncertainty of switch conduction process that the complexity of gas breakdown physical process is brought with randomness, so as to which time-parameters be drawn Enter the simulation process of switch conduction.
4th, the time-parameters of gas switch turn on process are included, more close to real work situation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is three electrode field distortion gas switch structure diagrams;
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the process of gas switch triggering and conducting shown in Fig. 1, and it is (main in operating voltage to characterize gas switch Inter-electrode voltage) with triggering the lower overall process that disruptive discharge occurs of pole tension effect;
Fig. 3 is the principle of the present invention schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the switch models schematic diagram that the embodiment of the present invention is established;Wherein, S1, S2 are respectively preferable votage control switch; Rs is single flame path equivalent resistance;Ls is single flame path equivalent inductance;Cp is between switch main electrode and trigger electrode Structure capacitive;Cp0 structure capacitives between switch main electrode;Rins is the equivalent insulation resistance of gas gap;
Fig. 5 is the triggering control of switch models shown in Fig. 4 and delay setting procedure figure;
Fig. 6-Fig. 8 is the comparison figure of the switching circuit model simulation results and actual measured results according to this method foundation;
Fig. 6 is the extremely upper voltage measuring value of switch triggering and the comparison figure of the analogue value;
Fig. 7 is that switch is followed by voltage measuring value and the comparison figure of the analogue value on ohmic load;
Fig. 8 is the measured value of discharge loop electric current and the comparison of the analogue value.
Specific embodiment
The core of simulation process of the invention entire is the structure of three electrode field distortion gas switch models, below with For switch models being built in Pspice, the switch models construction method that the present invention will be described in detail.
First, the foundation of switch models
For more three electrode field distortion gas switch of true reflection tool, there are two the feature in separate gas gap, this implementations Example carries tandem circuit element in the construction of switch loop settings stage, using Pspice and construction of switch circuit is equivalent to two strings The model with same circuits topological structure of connection, as shown in Figure 4.Wherein, it is each to characterize two independent gaps respectively by Cp and Rins From structure capacitive and insulation resistance, Rs characterizes the resistance and inductance of flame path after two independent gaps are connected, S1 with Ls respectively Characterize the preferable votage control switch of two independent gap state switchings respectively with S2.Pass through the switching of controllable switch S1 and S2 working condition To realize the conducting entirely switched.Meanwhile the setting of control condition with S2 is connected by S1 come realize switch from conducting starting to Completely through the simulation of overall process.
2nd, the setting of the turn on process control loop parameter of switch models
1st, switch conduction starting control setting (selection and setting including initial conditions)
Take the exhausted of external-connected port (1,3 or 2,3) port voltage of the topological circuit of characterization construction of switch parameter shown in Fig. 4 It is right with the ratio of the single critical gap theory Static Breakdown Voltage corresponding to (1,3 either 2,3) or (1,3 or 2,3) institute to being worth Basis for estimation of the gap breakdown moment answered as switch gap electric discharge starting.The editable voltage source carried using Pspice, It can be very good to realize condition judgment and time integral function.
When voltage ratio >=1 or the breakdown moment meets setting value, has the function of that the voltage source output of condition judgment is high electric Position 1, works as voltage ratio<1 or output is unsatisfactory for during time setting as 0;
Have the function of that the voltage source of time integral and aforementioned editable voltage are source-series, potential value is exported to it and carries out the time Integration, when integrated value is more than a certain setting value, (setting value characterization gap virtual voltage is more than holding for its Static Breakdown Voltage Continuous time, i.e., over-pressed action time), voltage source output high potential 1, output is 0 if being unsatisfactory for requirement.I.e. when switch wherein Applied voltage on one gap is more than its Static Breakdown Voltage or meets certain moment setting value, and after certain time, should Gap meets electric discharge initial conditions, and breakdown takes place.
2nd, the setting of the Time delay in one of gap and its shake
The a period of time caved in takes place to gap insulation resistance from breakdown starting for characterizing gas gap.Utilize two The circuit form of one cell capacitance RC charge circuit of string among a voltage controlled current source carrys out the Time delay of analog switch.The electricity The construction of switch circuit in series that road is established with step 1, when front voltage source exports high potential 1, first voltage controlled current source Start output amplitude and be the constant current of 1A, and pass through the capacitor charging that resistance that resistance value is 1 Ω is 1nF to capacitance.According to electricity For charge calculation formula It=CU in appearance it is found that circuit charging time t is corresponding with voltage U on capacitance, i.e. the charging time is 1ns When capacitance on voltage be 1V.Then, then using the capacitance voltage as the input voltage of next stage current source, when it is more than a certain setting Next stage voltage controlled current source starts to act during value, exports high potential 1.Entire circuit is with the triggering of capacitor charging time equivalent switch Conducting delay completes the setting of gap conducting one section of delay of control loop.Meanwhile the capacitance in RC charge circuits is set as holding Variable device of the value with certain tolerance, trembling for this delay process is characterized by the variation in charging time caused by capacitance It is dynamic.
3rd, the perforation delay in another gap and its setting of shake
The a period of time for collapsing to entire gap and switching completely takes place for characterizing gas gap from insulation resistance.Profit It is matched with a cell capacitance RC charge circuit with the control voltage setting value of votage control switch in interstitial structure circuit, between realization Gap perforation delay and its setting of shake.
There are two controling parameters, conducting voltage Von and shutdown voltage Voff for preferable votage control switch in Pspice.Work as switch When control signal voltage is more than conducting voltage Von, switch is completely open-minded;When input terminal voltage is less than shutdown voltage Voff, Switch complete switches off;When voltage is between conducting voltage Von and shutdown voltage Voff, hindrance is with exponential form by pole Big value becomes minimum.It, can be by configuration switch control terminal voltage magnitude in conducting voltage Von using this property of the model The setting of perforation delay is realized turning off the time between voltage Voff.By the last one voltage controlled current source in previous step Input power of the output terminal as RC charge circuits in this step;When voltage controlled current source exports high potential 1A, RC charge circuits It is started to charge up on middle capacitance, voltage reaches conducting voltage Von setting values on capacitance after the delay of setting, and votage control switch is complete Conducting.After two votage control switches are connected in construction of switch circuit, entire switch completes turn on process.Equally, pass through The method of capacitance settings tolerance in the RC circuits is realized to the setting of perforation delay jitter.
Based on the established switching circuit model of above-described embodiment, switch conduction process simulation can be carried out;When setting item When part meets above-mentioned switch conduction condition, start to act, and by the delay and shake of setting, two gaps are led successively Logical, entire switch conduction process terminates;Attached drawing 6-8 gives the switching circuit model turn on process established based on above-described embodiment The comparison figure of analog result and switch actual measured results, it can be seen that the switching circuit model based on above-described embodiment foundation Simulation turn on process is very close to real processes, is capable of the turn on process of three electrode field distortion gas switch of actual response.
And in other embodiment, switch electricity can be also established on the basis of the circuit simulating softwares such as Matlab, Multisim Road model is then based on the switching circuit model established and carries out the simulation of three electrode field distortion gas switch turn on process, switching molding The thinking of analogy method of the specific construction method of type with above-described embodiment on the basis of Pspice organs weights is identical.In addition it needs It is noted that the control for switch conduction process, other than voltage-controlled, can also use current control or time control.

Claims (8)

1. the model building method of three electrode field distortion gas switch, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
Three electrode field distortion gas switch are equivalent to by two strings of the construction of switch circuit with identical topological structure by step 1) Join the switch models formed, the switch models are built using circuit simulating software;Two equivalent construction of switch circuits pass through Respective votage control switch triggering mode with when engrave be associated with and influence each other;
Step 2), the setting switch models turn on process control loop parameter, including:
(1) turn-on condition of the switch models is set;
(2) Time delay and its shake in one of gap of the switch models are set;
(3) the perforation delay and its shake in another gap of the switch models are set.
2. the model building method of three electrodes field distortion gas switch according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step Rapid 1) the middle circuit simulating software used is Pspice, Matlab or Multisim.
3. the model building method of three electrodes field distortion gas switch according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:The step Rapid 1) the middle circuit simulating software used is Pspice.
4. the model building method of three electrodes field distortion gas switch according to claim 3, it is characterised in that:The step It is rapid 1) in construction of switch circuit include fire after structure capacitive Cp, insulation resistance Rins, votage control switch, two independent gaps conductings The flower resistance Rs of channel and inductance Ls;Votage control switch, resistance Rs and inductance Ls series connection after simultaneously with structure capacitive Cp and insulated electro It is in parallel to hinder Rins.
5. the model building method of three electrodes field distortion gas switch according to claim 4, it is characterised in that:The step It is rapid 2) in, the turn-on conditions of switch models is the external-connected port port electricity in the construction of switch circuit for characterizing construction of switch parameter The ratio or the single gap corresponding to it of the absolute value of pressure and its corresponding single critical gap theory Static Breakdown Voltage Puncture the moment.
6. the model building method of three electrodes field distortion gas switch according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:The step It is rapid 2) in, set the switch models the Time delay in one of gap and its specific method of shake as:Utilize two The circuit form of one cell capacitance RC charge circuit of string, the gap Time delay of analog switch among controllable constant-current source;Entirely Circuit is with the gap Time delay of capacitor charging time equivalent switch;Capacitance in RC charge circuits is set as capacitance with tolerance Variable device, pass through the charging time caused by capacitance variation characterization switch gap Time delay shake.
7. the model building method of three electrodes field distortion gas switch according to claim 6, it is characterised in that:The step It is rapid 2) in, set shown in switch models another gap perforation delay and its shake specific method as:Utilize a list First capacitance RC charge circuits are matched with the control voltage value of votage control switch in interstitial structure circuit, realize gap perforation delay and Its setting shaken, wherein, by the switch control terminal voltage in configuration switch structure loop in conducting voltage and shutdown voltage Between time realize gap perforation delay setting, by by capacitance settings in RC circuits be the variable device with tolerance, Realize the setting of perforation delay jitter.
8. the turn on process analogy method of three electrode field distortion gas switch, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
Step A, the switch models of three electrode field distortion gas switch are built using any methods of claim 1-7;
Step B, based on the switch models analog switch turn on process, analog result is obtained.
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