CN110662411A - Electric power and electrical equipment with self-recovery insulating property and use method thereof - Google Patents
Electric power and electrical equipment with self-recovery insulating property and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110662411A CN110662411A CN201910864358.1A CN201910864358A CN110662411A CN 110662411 A CN110662411 A CN 110662411A CN 201910864358 A CN201910864358 A CN 201910864358A CN 110662411 A CN110662411 A CN 110662411A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K10/00—Arrangements for improving the operating reliability of electronic equipment, e.g. by providing a similar standby unit
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/12—Testing dielectric strength or breakdown voltage ; Testing or monitoring effectiveness or level of insulation, e.g. of a cable or of an apparatus, for example using partial discharge measurements; Electrostatic testing
Abstract
The invention relates to electric power equipment with self-recovery insulating property and a using method thereof, and solves the problems that the insulation cannot be recovered after the existing epoxy resin serving as an insulating medium of the electric power equipment is punctured, the epoxy resin needs to be replaced, and the whole equipment is damaged or even scrapped due to great replacing difficulty. The power electrical equipment comprises a shell and a plurality of electrical elements arranged in the shell; paraffin is arranged among the plurality of electric elements and between the electric elements and the shell, and the breakdown strength of the paraffin is greater than the field strength among the electric elements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the application of a dielectric medium in the field of electrical equipment insulation, and particularly relates to electrical power equipment with insulation performance self-recovery and a using method thereof.
Background
In the research and development of products such as power electrical equipment, high-voltage electrical equipment, gas switches and the like, the insulation problem between electrical elements and equipment is often involved, and the insulation characteristic directly determines the performance and reliability of the products. The existing widely used solid dielectric with insulated volume (such as epoxy resin and the like) is generally high in hardness and melting point and strong in adhesive force with a device, once breakdown occurs between internal elements, insulation can not be recovered, the difficulty in replacing the insulating medium is very high, the whole equipment is generally scrapped, repeated application is limited, and a large amount of waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems that the insulation cannot be recovered after the existing epoxy resin serving as an insulation medium of the electric power equipment is punctured in the background art and needs to be replaced, and the whole equipment is damaged or even scrapped due to high replacement difficulty, the electric power equipment with the self-recovery insulation performance and the using method thereof are provided.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides an electric power and electrical equipment with self-recovery insulating property, which comprises a shell and a plurality of electrical elements arranged in the shell; paraffin is arranged among the plurality of electric elements and between the electric elements and the shell, and the breakdown strength of the paraffin is greater than the field strength among the electric elements.
Further, the above-mentioned power electrical equipment further includes a heating unit provided inside the housing.
Further, the electric power and electric equipment also comprises a state monitoring unit which is arranged inside the shell and is positioned near each electric element, and the state monitoring unit is connected with the heating unit.
Furthermore, the paraffin is No. 80 microcrystalline paraffin, and the direct current breakdown field strength of the paraffin is more than 200 kV/mm.
Further, the state monitoring unit is a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor, or an ultrasonic detection element for detecting partial discharge.
Based on the above description of the structure of the power electrical equipment, how to perform self-recovery of insulation performance when using the equipment will now be described, which specifically includes the following steps:
step 1: breakdown phenomenon determination
The state monitoring unit detects and judges the electric signals near the electric element in the shell in real time, and when the electric signals are abnormal, the paraffin near the electric element is considered to be subjected to breakdown discharge;
step 2: determining the heating and melting time of the paraffin;
calculating the heating and melting time of the paraffin according to the volume, density, specific heat capacity and heating power of a paraffin insulation medium arranged in the shell;
and step 3: recovering the insulating property of the paraffin;
controlling the heating unit to start heating according to the electric signal measured by the state monitoring unit so as to enable the paraffin to start melting, and controlling the heating unit to stop heating and the paraffin to start cooling and solidifying to an original state by the state monitoring unit after the heating and melting time of the paraffin is reached;
the heating-cooling process was repeated 2 times or more, and the paraffin insulation performance was recovered.
Further, the electrical signal is a voltage signal, a current signal, a temperature signal, or an ultrasonic signal of partial discharge.
The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. according to the invention, the state monitoring unit and the heating unit are added in the shell of the electric power and electrical equipment, the running state of the electrical element is monitored by the state monitoring unit (whether breakdown occurs or not), and when the breakdown occurs, the heating unit can be started in real time to carry out heating-cooling repeated treatment process for 2 times or more on paraffin, so that the equipment can automatically complete insulation recovery without manual replacement and maintenance, and the damage of the equipment is avoided. In addition, the paraffin wax has the characteristic of quite high breakdown voltage when being melted into liquid, and the recovery of the state can be realized even without stopping the machine.
2. The paraffin is used as the volume insulating material of the electrical equipment or the parts, the cost of the paraffin material is lower, and the preparation process is simpler and more convenient; the breakdown field strength of the uniform field direct current field of the No. 80 microcrystalline paraffin is as high as 200kV/mm, the requirement of the conventional electrical component on the insulation performance can be met, and the insulation volume can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the breakdown voltage values of No. 80 microcrystalline paraffin at different field pattern spacings;
FIG. 3 shows the breakdown voltage distribution values of liquid No. 80 micro-crystal paraffin and transformer oil;
FIG. 4 is a photograph of a residual carbonization channel after paraffin was used as an insulation dielectric breakdown;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of a paraffin wax after it has been punctured and reconstituted by heating to melt and cooling to solidify;
FIG. 6 is a photograph of a paraffin wax breakdown and re-prepared by two heat-melting-cooling-solidification processes;
FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a dry-type transformer according to the present invention;
Detailed Description
To make the objects, advantages and features of the present invention more apparent, an electrical power device with self-recovery of insulation performance and a method for using the same according to the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Advantages and features of the present invention will become apparent from the following description and from the claims. It should be noted that: the drawings are in simplified form and are not to precise scale, the intention being solely for the convenience and clarity of illustrating embodiments of the invention; second, the structures shown in the drawings are often part of actual structures.
Referring to fig. 1, a specific embodiment of an electrical power apparatus with self-recovery of insulation performance includes a housing 1, and an electrical element 2, a heating unit 4, and a condition monitoring unit 5 disposed in the housing 1; at least one electrical component 2 (in this embodiment, 2 electrical components); paraffin 3 is arranged between the electric elements 2 and the shell 1, the breakdown strength of the paraffin 3 is greater than the field strength between the electric elements 2 (in the embodiment, the paraffin is No. 80 microcrystalline paraffin, and the direct-current breakdown field strength is greater than 200 kV/mm); the state monitoring unit 5 is installed inside the housing 1 and located near the electric element 2, and the state monitoring unit 5 is communicated with the heating unit 4 for controlling the heating unit 4 to be turned on or off.
From the above brief description of the structure of the power electrical equipment, the following description will be made of how to perform self-recovery of insulation performance when using the equipment:
step 1: breakdown phenomenon determination
The state monitoring unit(s) real-timely determine that the paraffin near the electric elements generates breakdown discharge phenomenon when the ultrasonic signals generated by voltage, current, temperature inside and outside the machine and partial discharge near the electric elements in the shell are abnormal;
step 2: determining the heating and melting time of the paraffin;
calculating the heating and melting time of the paraffin according to the volume, density, specific heat capacity and heating power of a paraffin insulation medium arranged in the shell;
and step 3: recovering the insulating property of the paraffin;
the state monitoring unit controls the heating unit to start heating, so that paraffin starts to melt, when the heating and melting time of the paraffin is reached, the state monitoring unit controls the heating unit to cut off heating, the paraffin starts to be cooled and solidified to an original state, the repeated preparation process of heating, melting and cooling and solidification is repeated for two times or more, and the insulation performance recovery of the paraffin can be ensured.
In order to better prove the authenticity, the effectiveness and the innovativeness of the invention, the invention also provides a test process for further explaining the creation of the invention:
firstly, solid paraffin breakdown characteristic test:
firstly, the breakdown characteristic of paraffin is tested, and as a result, as shown in fig. 2, paraffin which can be melted and solidified at a lower temperature is selected as a substitute for the traditional solid insulating dielectric, and in consideration of the fact that the working temperature is not too low, No. 80 microcrystalline paraffin is selected as a specific test object.
Paraffin is a weak polar (neutral) dielectric medium, has more conductance loss, and mainly takes the insulation characteristic under a direct current electric field as a reference. In the test, a ball electrode with the diameter of 10mm, a plate electrode with the diameter of 10mm and a tip electrode with the bottom diameter of 10mm are adopted to form a ball-plate gap and a tip-plate gap, the direct current breakdown characteristics of No. 80 microcrystalline paraffin under slightly uneven fields and extremely uneven fields are tested under the gap of 0.2-0.4 mm, voltage polarity is exchanged under the tip-plate gap to verify the polarity effect, dissolved bubbles in paraffin are considered to be controlled, a vacuum sealing heating method is adopted, a vacuum heating box is used during heating, the air pressure in the box body is pumped to be below 90Pa, in order to avoid chemical reaction of paraffin caused by high temperature, the preparation temperature is controlled at 100 ℃, and sample preparation is carried out under the vacuum environment (the air pressure is less than 90Pa), so that the paraffin is cooled and solidified after being melted and immersing the electrodes, and a paraffin test sample is prepared; testing the direct-current breakdown characteristic of a test article; the result shows that the breakdown field strength of No. 80 paraffin reaches 200kV/mm under the direct current uniform field.
Second, liquid paraffin property test
As shown in fig. 3, the breakdown voltage of paraffin in a liquid state was measured. Under a uniform field gap of 1.5mm, the average breakdown voltage of the paraffin heated under a vacuum state at 100 ℃ under a liquid state is 31.73kV, and the lowest value is 24.4 kV; the average breakdown voltage of paraffin heated in air at 100 ℃ in a liquid state is 17.67kV, and the lowest value is 14.6 kV; considering that the average breakdown voltage of the transformer oil under the same clearance is 30.7kV at room temperature, and the minimum value is 24.2kV, even if the paraffin material is melted in use, the breakdown voltage of the transformer oil is equivalent to that of the transformer oil, and a thought is provided for the non-stop recovery of insulation.
Third, characteristic recovery test after paraffin puncture
The influence of the re-preparation on the paraffin insulation property is researched aiming at the characteristic that the solid insulation is difficult to recover after breakdown. The results show that the insulation characteristics can be recovered after paraffin breakdown and repeated preparation, and the breakdown voltage thereof is not decreased. In the test, a hemisphere electrode with the diameter of 5mm and a plate electrode with the diameter of 10mm are adopted to form a small sphere-plate electrode, and under the fixed gap of 0.2mm, direct current voltage is applied to two ends of the small sphere-plate electrode to carry out breakdown test. After the breakdown of the sample, the sample is directly put into a vacuum heating box again for the preparation process of melting, cooling and solidifying. And respectively carrying out 1 and 2 times of re-preparation processes on the punctured sample after the puncture, and finding that the puncture residual carbonization channel of the sample cannot be eliminated basically after 1 time of re-preparation and can be eliminated after 2 times of re-preparation.
Fig. 4 is a photograph of the carbonization path remaining after the paraffin wax has been broken down as an insulating medium, which affects the insulation of the paraffin wax. FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the existence of a carbonization channel between electrodes when the electrodes are taken out in a liquid state after the wax is once again prepared after the wax is broken down, and it can be seen that the carbonization channel still exists after the wax is melted by the first heating; fig. 6 is a photograph showing that the carbonization path between the electrodes has been eliminated when taken out in a liquid state at the time of two times of the re-preparation.
The theoretical analysis results of the probability of paraffin breakdown voltage are given in table 1. The fact that paraffin melts at a lower temperature proves that after breakdown occurs in the paraffin, the paraffin can be easily taken out and replaced by an insulating material through a heating method. Experiments prove that the breakdown data of the paraffin after breakdown and re-preparation is close to the breakdown data of a new material, and 50% and 5% breakdown voltage data of No. 80 microcrystalline paraffin obtained by fitting normal distribution and Weibull distribution under two conditions of material changing and carbonization channel heating elimination after breakdown are given in table 1. And (4) predicting a fitting value of the lower probability breakdown voltage and the WeChat distribution of the three parameters by referring to a cubic polynomial fitting result. After the paraffin is punctured, the same insulation effect as that of the non-punctured paraffin can be achieved by melting the punctured paraffin and eliminating the carbonization channel. In practical application, the process of multiple breakdown and repeated melting and cooling of the insulating material cannot occur, so that the insulating property can be recovered by preparing the paraffin again after the breakdown and eliminating a carbonization channel.
TABLE 1 probability of paraffin breakdown voltage calculated by fitting three distributions
Application of paraffin serving as insulating medium in power electrical equipment
Referring to fig. 7, taking a dry-type transformer as an example, the insulation is divided into inner insulation and outer insulation, the outer insulation is mainly completed by sleeve and other elements, and the inner insulation is further divided into winding insulation, tap changer and lead insulation, sleeve inner insulation and the like. The internal insulation can be divided into main insulation and longitudinal insulation. The main insulation includes insulation between the high and low voltage windings, insulation between phases and ground, and insulation between the lead and tap changer to ground and to other windings. The longitudinal insulation is mainly the insulation between the windings and other elements in the same winding. On-line monitoring systems for dry-type transformers have become mature, and the main monitored physical quantities include operating current, humidity, temperature, local discharge pulse signals and the like. In the paraffin insulation dry-type transformer, as paraffin can be repeatedly melted and poured, a current transformer, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and an ultrasonic sensor for measuring partial discharge signals can be arranged in the equipment. The electric elements, the paraffin insulation medium, the sensors, the heating resistance wires and the like can be sealed through the sealing shell, model calculation is carried out through real-time data of the sensors, if the conditions of overlarge local discharge amount, overhigh local temperature, overlarge local leakage current and the like occur, a computer control system is made to command equipment to stop, heating is started in an area with a local insulation problem, heating time and cooling time are controlled by calculating heat required by melting of paraffin under the conditions of the altitude, the ambient temperature and the like of an installation area of the equipment, and the equipment test is restarted after the paraffin insulation material in the area is ensured to be cooled and solidified.
The above description is only an example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. An electric power and electrical equipment with self-recovery of insulation performance comprises a shell (1) and a plurality of electric elements (2) arranged in the shell (1); the method is characterized in that: paraffin (3) is arranged among the plurality of electric elements (2) and between the electric elements (2) and the shell (1), and the breakdown strength of the paraffin (3) is greater than the field strength among the electric elements.
2. The electrical power apparatus with self-healing of insulating properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: the heating device also comprises a heating unit (4) arranged inside the shell (1).
3. The electrical power apparatus with self-healing of insulating properties according to claim 2, characterized in that: the electric heating device is characterized by further comprising a state monitoring unit (5) which is arranged inside the shell (1) and is positioned near each electric element (2), wherein the state monitoring unit (5) is communicated with the heating unit (4).
4. The electrical power apparatus with self-healing of insulating properties according to claim 2, characterized in that: the paraffin is No. 80 microcrystalline paraffin, and the direct current breakdown field strength of the paraffin is more than 200 kV/mm.
5. The power electrical apparatus with self-recovery of insulation performance of claim 3, characterized in that: the state monitoring unit is a voltage sensor, a current sensor, a temperature sensor or an ultrasonic detection element for detecting partial discharge.
6. A use method of electric power and electric equipment with self-recovery insulating property is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: breakdown phenomenon determination
The state monitoring unit detects and judges the electric signals near the electric element in the shell in real time, and when the electric signals are abnormal, the paraffin near the electric element is considered to be subjected to breakdown discharge;
step 2: determining the heating and melting time of the paraffin;
calculating the heating and melting time of the paraffin according to the volume, density, specific heat capacity and heating power of a paraffin insulation medium arranged in the shell;
and step 3: recovering the insulating property of the paraffin;
controlling the heating unit to start heating according to the electric signal measured by the state monitoring unit so as to enable the paraffin to start melting, and controlling the heating unit to stop heating and the paraffin to start cooling and solidifying to an original state by the state monitoring unit after the heating and melting time of the paraffin is reached;
the heating-cooling process was repeated 2 times or more, and the paraffin insulation performance was recovered.
7. Use of the electrical power equipment with self-recovery of insulation properties according to claim 6, characterized in that: the electric signal is a voltage signal or a current signal or a temperature signal or an ultrasonic signal of partial discharge.
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