CN108227028A - Atomic interference gravity acceleration measuring device based on pyramid-like structure - Google Patents
Atomic interference gravity acceleration measuring device based on pyramid-like structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN108227028A CN108227028A CN201711473581.0A CN201711473581A CN108227028A CN 108227028 A CN108227028 A CN 108227028A CN 201711473581 A CN201711473581 A CN 201711473581A CN 108227028 A CN108227028 A CN 108227028A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V7/00—Measuring gravitational fields or waves; Gravimetric prospecting or detecting
- G01V7/14—Measuring gravitational fields or waves; Gravimetric prospecting or detecting using free-fall time
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V7/00—Measuring gravitational fields or waves; Gravimetric prospecting or detecting
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Abstract
The invention discloses an atomic interference gravity acceleration measuring device based on a pyramid-like structure, which comprises a vacuum cavity, a beam expanding cylinder and a reflector component, wherein the vacuum cavity is provided with a vacuum hole; the beam expanding cylinder is used for introducing a single optical fiber of a vacuum system, and the reflector component sequentially comprises from top to bottom: an MOT region, an interference region and a detection region; the MOT area comprises four first reflecting mirrors, and a second reflecting mirror is arranged below the detection area. The device is used for implementing the method. The invention has the advantages of small integral volume, strong robustness, low cost, high measurement precision and the like.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates generally to atomic interferometer fields, refer in particular to a kind of intervening atom gravity based on pyramid-like structure
Acceleration measurement device.
Background technology
Since Michelson's interferometer invention, according to the diffraction of light wave, interference pattern build interferometry instrument because
Its high measurement accuracy and sensitivity and be widely used in basic scientific research, production practices, space flight and aviation, geological exploration and
The various fields such as national defense industry.In practice, people gradually recognize that survey can be improved by carrying out interference using the shorter wave of wavelength
Accuracy of measurement, therefore electron interferometer is constructed in nineteen fifty-two, constructs neutron interferometer in 1962, until in the 1970s,
People just start to conceive atomic interferometer.Atomic interferometer replaces classical light wave to be used as interference medium using atomic material wave
Atomic spectroscopic terms realize beam splitting, reflection, the interferometer for closing beam process and forming instead of classical optics device.
Compared to other interference media, atomic interferometer has the advantage that：1. due to atomic mass much larger than photon, in
Son and electronics, corresponding matter wave wavelength is shorter, therefore can obtain higher measurement accuracy and sensitivity.Theory analysis table
Bright, the He-Ne lasergyro of the remolding sensitivity same circuit area of intervening atom gyroscope is high by 1011Times, atom accelerograph
Than the high sensitivity 10 of existing accelerometer17Times.2. because atom has abundant inside energy level, electromagnetic field can be utilized to it
Accurate manipulation is carried out, thus atomic interferometer can provide wider basic research and application.3. atom shows electroneutral, by miscellaneous
It is small to dissipate electric jamming, and there is no Coulomb interactions between atom, therefore the measurement accuracy better than electron interferometer can be obtained.
4. in addition, the development of laser cooling and trapping atoms technology is so that high-throughput cold or cold atoms beam is easier to obtain, thus intervening atom
The construction of instrument is simpler than neutron interferometer and cheap.
Atomic interferometer is classical light wave to be replaced to replace warp with atomic spectroscopic terms as interference medium using atomic material wave
Allusion quotation optical device come realize beam splitting, reflection, close beam process and the matter wave interference system that forms, it can be achieved that angular speed, acceleration,
The high-sensitivity measurement of time and frequency standards, gravity/gravity gradient.Theoretical analysis shows that intervening atom absolute gravimeter can make it is existing
The sensitivity of absolute gravimeter at least improves 3 magnitudes, therefore cold atom interference gravity apparatus is current absolute gravimeter and again
Research hotspot in power gradient former field is expected to as the following accurately foundation band of the detection of gravity field and gravity field model
Carry out revolutionary impact.Cold atom interference gravimeter basic procedure be：It first, will using 3 dimension Magneto-Optical Trap technologies of six beam light
A large amount of alkali metal (such as rubidium Rb or caesium Cs) Trapping of Atoms are simultaneously cooled to μ K magnitudes so that with the original of supersonic motion under normal temperature state
Sub- speed is reduced to below 1mm/s；Secondly, atomic group after cooling is placed in gravitational field and does the movement of falling object, and with phase
The relevant laser pulse interaction in position, is split atomic wave, reflects, closing the coherent manipulations such as beam, and realizing that atom is done
It relates to；Finally, atomic group final states is detected, using phosphor collection or absorbs imaging method acquisition intervening atom striped, fit
The accurate measurement of absolute gravity acceleration is realized in phase shift caused by acceleration of gravity.Cold atom interferes the basic of gravity gradiometer
Flow is similar with gravimeter, and the atomic interference gravimeter measurement result by upper and lower two with certain distance difference makes the difference, and obtains
Gradiometry result.
At present, the major programme of intervening atom gravity gradiometer is to form Magneto-Optical Trap by six beam light of three dimensions
(Magnetic-optic traps, be abbreviated as MOT), imprison and cooling atomic group, then speed selection and state are carried out to atomic group
Selection finally carries out Raman interventional procedures.Six beam laser of Magneto-Optical Trap need the installation six on vacuum chamber to expand cylinder, light path portion
Dividing needs a large amount of optical device, this is just inevitably so that system bulk increase.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that：For technical problem of the existing technology, the present invention provides one
Kind overall volume is small, strong robustness, at low cost, high certainty of measurement the intervening atom acceleration of gravity based on pyramid-like structure
Measuring device.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device based on pyramid-like structure, including vacuum chamber, expand cylinder with
And mirror assembly；The cylinder that expands is used for introducing the simple optical fiber of vacuum system, and the mirror assembly is from top to bottom successively
It is divided into：MOT areas, interference region and detecting area；Include four the first speculums in the MOT areas, the is provided with below detecting area
Two reflective mirrors.
As a further improvement on the present invention：A branch of cooling light is introduced by the cylinder that expands, through four speculums and reflective
Mirror forms three pairs of mutually orthogonal imprison light and pump light, forms Magneto-Optical Trap, realizes the cooling and imprison of atomic group.
As a further improvement on the present invention：In the MOT areas, four first speculums are located at the vacuum chamber
Cavity four sides, and with horizontal plane into 45 degree of angles.
As a further improvement on the present invention：The vacuum chamber is using frequency conversion dry scroll pumps, turbomolecular pump and answers
Pump three-level vacuum pump is closed to realize the ultra-high vacuum environment needed for system.
As a further improvement on the present invention：It is described expand cylinder introducing light beam include cooling light, return pump light, detection light and
Raman light expands.
As a further improvement on the present invention：The difference on the frequency of two beam Raman lights is 6.8GHz in the light beam, and one is passed through
Atomic group after cooling then applies pi/2, π and pi/2 three-beam in the insensitive state of magnetic after prepared by state to atomic group
Pulse realizes that the beam splitting of atomic group with closing beam, constructs an atomic interferometer.
As a further improvement on the present invention：Coordinate back the effect of pump light by detecting light, measured respectively in two ground state
Atomic population on hyperfine energy level, and finally obtain transition probability and gravity acceleration value.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
1. the intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device of the present invention, system overall volume is small, due to only needing light beam
Into vacuum chamber, laser module eliminates a large amount of optical device, and what vacuum module was omitted horizontal direction four bundles light expands cylinder,
So as to reduce the volume of vacuum module and laser module.
2. the intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device of the present invention, strong robustness only need to ensure to draw in system debug
The optical fiber power for entering vacuum chamber is stablized, it is easy to accomplish.Since system structure is simple, regulated variable is few, working long hours
When, error probability is low.
3. the intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device of the present invention, low cost, the program and six classical beam light schemes
It compares, has saved a large amount of optical devices, so as to reduce overall cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the main structure of the schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the side view structure principle schematic of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the stereochemical structure principle schematic of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is detailed process schematic diagram of the present invention in concrete application example.
Marginal data：
1st, vacuum chamber；2nd, cylinder is expanded；3rd, MOT areas；4th, interference region；5th, detecting area；6th, the first speculum；7th, second is reflective
Mirror；8th, combination pump.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below with reference to Figure of description and specific embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, the intervening atom acceleration of gravity of the invention based on pyramid-like structure measures dress
It puts, including vacuum chamber 1, expands cylinder 2 and mirror assembly.All devices are mounted in vacuum chamber 1.Cylinder 2 is expanded to be used for drawing
Enter the simple optical fiber of vacuum system, mirror assembly is from top to bottom divided into：MOT areas 3, interference region 4 and detecting area 5.MOT areas
The lower section including four 6 detecting areas 5 of the first speculum is provided with the second reflective mirror 7 in 3.A branch of cooling light is introduced by expanding cylinder 2,
Three pairs of mutually orthogonal imprison light and pump light are formed through four the first speculums 6 and the second reflective mirror 7, form Magneto-Optical Trap, it is real
The cooling and imprison of existing atomic group.
In concrete application example, one is placed with horizontal plane into the first of 45 degree of angles the cavity four sides of vacuum chamber 1 is each
Speculum 6.
The intervening atom gravity gradiometer of the present invention is using cold atom as Detecting medium, and thermal diffusion rate is small, favorably
In increase time of measuring, but atom is easy to that random collision occurs with background spurious gas during cooling down and imprisoning, thus
The service life and coherence time for causing cold atom reduce, therefore cold atom interference experiment needs carry out under ultra-high vacuum environment.
In concrete application example, vacuum chamber 1 uses glass evacuated chamber 1, should be the cuboid of length of side 20mm.As a preferred embodiment, originally
The vacuum system of invention, using frequency conversion dry scroll pumps, turbomolecular pump and combination pump 8 (by ionic pump and getter couples
Into) three-level vacuum pump realizes the ultra-high vacuum environment needed for system (better than 10-8Pa)。
In concrete application example, the light that optical fiber introduces includes：Cooling light returns expanding for pump light, detection light and Raman light.
The difference on the frequency of two beam Raman lights is 6.8GHz.One process atomic group after cooling (about 1 μ k of temperature), is in after prepared by state
Magnetic insensitive state F=1, mF=0>, pi/2, π and pi/2 three beams light pulse then are applied to atomic group, realize atomic group
Beam splitting builds an intervening atom gravity gradiometer with closing beam, by upper and lower two atomic interferometers.Finally, coordinated by detecting light
Return pump light effect, measure the atomic population on the hyperfine energy level of two ground state respectively, and finally obtain transition probability with
And gravity acceleration value.
As shown in figure 4, detailed process of the present invention in concrete application example is：
S1：The preparation of cold atom cloud.
Pass through Magneto-Optical Trap, polarization gradient cooling (Polarization Gradient Cooling, be abbreviated as PGC) first
Prime is carried out to cool down to obtain the cold atom cloud that temperature is about 15 μ k.
S2：Speed selects to prepare with state.
It is selected by Raman speed, atomic group temperature is further reduced to about 1 μ k.State is prepared in the insensitive state of magnetic | F
=1, mF=0>On.
S3：Intervening atom.
Pi/2, π and pi/2 three beams light pulse are applied to atomic group by two beam Raman lights, realize the beam splitting and conjunction of atomic group
Beam constructs an atomic interferometer.
S4：Interior state detection.
After the completion of interference, by atomic group free-falling for a period of time, then coordinate back pump light by detecting light, dispel light
Effect, measure the atomic population on the hyperfine energy level of two ground state respectively, and finally obtain transition probability and gravity
Acceleration value.
The present invention proposes the conceptual design of pyramid-like, it is only necessary to which an optical fiber introduces vacuum chamber 1.The advantage of the present invention
It is：
(1) system overall volume is small.Compared with six classical beam light MOT, the present invention only needs light beam to enter vacuum chamber
1, laser module eliminates a large amount of optical device, and what vacuum module was omitted horizontal direction MOT light expands cylinder 2, so as to reduce
The volume of vacuum module and laser module.
(2) strong robustness.The optical fiber power for ensureing to introduce vacuum chamber 1 is only needed to stablize in system debug, be easy to real
It is existing.Since system structure is simple, regulated variable is few, when working long hours, error probability is low.
(3) flexible adjustment.Compared with traditional pyramid scheme, pyramidal four faces are used discrete component by the present invention
Combination is formed, and the adjusting that each face can be flexible, independent while reducing the required precision of processing and installation, improves survey
Measure the stability of result.
(4) it is inexpensive.The present invention has saved a large amount of optical devices, so as to reduce compared with six classical beam light schemes
Overall cost.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-described embodiment,
All technical solutions belonged under thinking of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the art
For those of ordinary skill, several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention should be regarded as the protection of the present invention
Range.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device based on pyramid-like structure, which is characterized in that including vacuum chamber,
Expand cylinder and mirror assembly；The simple optical fiber for expanding cylinder and being used for introducing vacuum system, the mirror assembly is by upper
It is divided under：MOT areas, interference region and detecting area；Include four the first speculums, the lower section of detecting area in the MOT areas
It is provided with the second reflective mirror.
2. the intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device according to claim 1 based on pyramid-like structure, feature
It is, a branch of cooling light is introduced by the cylinder that expands, and three pairs of mutually orthogonal imprison light are formed through four speculums and reflective mirror
And pump light, Magneto-Optical Trap is formed, realizes the cooling and imprison of atomic group.
3. the intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device according to claim 1 based on pyramid-like structure, feature
It is, in the MOT areas, four first speculums are located at the cavity four sides of the vacuum chamber, and with horizontal plane into 45 degree
Angle.
4. the intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device based on pyramid-like structure according to claims 1 or 2 or 3,
It is characterized in that, the vacuum chamber is realized using frequency conversion dry scroll pumps, turbomolecular pump and combination pump three-level vacuum pump
Ultra-high vacuum environment needed for system.
5. the intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device based on pyramid-like structure according to claims 1 or 2 or 3,
It is characterized in that, the light beam for expanding cylinder introducing includes cooling light, returns expanding for pump light, detection light and Raman light.
6. the intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device according to claim 5 based on pyramid-like structure, feature
Be, in the light beam difference on the frequency of two beam Raman lights be 6.8GHz, a process atomic group after cooling, after prepared by state
The state insensitive in magnetic then applies pi/2, π and pi/2 three beams light pulse to atomic group, realizes the beam splitting and conjunction of atomic group
Beam constructs an atomic interferometer.
7. the intervening atom acceleration of gravity measuring device based on pyramid-like structure according to claims 1 or 2 or 3,
It is characterized in that, coordinating back the effect of pump light by detecting light, the atom cloth on the hyperfine energy level of two ground state is measured respectively
Number is occupied, and finally obtains transition probability and gravity acceleration value.
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| CN110596773A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2019-12-20 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | Miniaturized atomic interference gravimeter vacuum device adopting folding light path |
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| CN112881752A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-06-01 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Biaxial acceleration sensing device and method based on atomic interference effect |
| CN114167080A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-03-11 | 华中光电技术研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一七研究所） | Horizontal acceleration measuring device and method |
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| CN110596773A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2019-12-20 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | Miniaturized atomic interference gravimeter vacuum device adopting folding light path |
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| CN112881752A (en) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-06-01 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Biaxial acceleration sensing device and method based on atomic interference effect |
| CN114167080A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-03-11 | 华中光电技术研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一七研究所） | Horizontal acceleration measuring device and method |
| CN114167080B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2024-05-10 | 华中光电技术研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一七研究所） | Horizontal acceleration measuring device and method |
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