CN110596785B - Vibration noise correction compensation method suitable for atomic interference gravimeter and portable device - Google Patents
Vibration noise correction compensation method suitable for atomic interference gravimeter and portable device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a vibration noise correction compensation method and a portable device suitable for an atomic interference gravimeter, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step S1, vibration phase shift measurement: monitoring the phase shift of interference fringes of the Michelson type homodyne laser interferometer caused by the vibration of a reflector by a four-channel phase shift detector; step S2, vibration phase shift extraction: extracting total phase shift caused by the vibration of a reflector in the action process of the three beams of Raman light through data processing; step S3, vibration phase shift correction: and correcting and compensating phase shift caused by the vibration of the reflecting mirror in real time in the measured Raman laser phase-atom transition probability signal, and outputting the Raman laser phase-atom transition probability signal without vibration noise. The device is used for implementing the method. The invention has the advantages of improving the measurement sensitivity, stability and portability, etc.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of atomic interference gravimeters, in particular to a vibration noise correction compensation method and a portable device suitable for the atomic interference gravimeters.
Background
The high-precision absolute gravimeter has wide application prospect in many fields such as basic scientific research, national defense construction, earth information monitoring, resource exploitation, archaeology and the like. A new generation of quantum absolute gravimeter based on atomic interference principle is the development direction of the next generation of high-precision absolute gravimeter, and the measurement performance of the quantum absolute gravimeter is close to or even surpasses the most advanced commercial laser interference absolute gravimeter of FG5X type. In order to further improve the measurement sensitivity and accuracy of the atomic interference gravimeter, vibration noise is a big problem which must be solved.
The existing atomic interference gravimeter mainly depends on two methods to inhibit vibration noise, and one method is to reduce the influence of the vibration noise on the atomic interference gravimeter by utilizing a passive or active vibration isolation system; the other method is to measure the power spectral density of the vibration noise of the reflecting mirror by using a seismometer or an accelerometer, solve the interference phase shift caused by vibration by using the sensitivity function and the integral operation of an atomic interferometer, and then correct the interference phase shift in the data post-processing stage. In both methods, a vibration isolation platform or complex and heavy measuring equipment such as a seismometer and an accelerometer needs to be additionally arranged, and real-time processing is difficult to realize, so that the requirements of various measuring environments such as field portable real-time measurement are difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a vibration noise correction and compensation method and a portable device which can improve the measurement sensitivity, stability and portability and are suitable for an atomic interference gravimeter.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a vibration noise correction compensation method suitable for an atomic interference gravimeter, comprising:
step S1, vibration phase shift measurement: monitoring the phase shift of interference fringes of the Michelson type homodyne laser interferometer caused by the vibration of a reflector by a four-channel phase shift detector;
step S2, vibration phase shift extraction: extracting total phase shift caused by the vibration of a reflector in the action process of the three beams of Raman light through data processing;
step S3, vibration phase shift correction: and correcting and compensating phase shift caused by the vibration of the reflecting mirror in real time in the measured Raman laser phase-atom transition probability signal, and outputting the Raman laser phase-atom transition probability signal without vibration noise.
As a further improvement of the process of the invention: in step S1, a michelson type homodyne laser interferometer is formed by using the raman laser and the mirror of the atomic interference gravimeter, in combination with the wave plate, the polarization splitting prism and the reference pyramid prism, and the phase shift of the M-Z type atomic interferometer caused by the mirror vibration is obtained by monitoring the phase shift of the homodyne laser interference fringes.
As a further improvement of the process of the invention: the vibration phase shift measurement in step S1 is acquired simultaneously with the atomic transition probability measurement by the atomic interferometer, includes the whole interferometric measurement period, and is completely synchronized with the raman optical action time.
As a further improvement of the process of the invention: in step S1, a phase shift optical path and a differential subtraction method are used to output a pair of orthogonal sine and cosine signals, and the direction and magnitude of the phase change are directly obtained.
As a further improvement of the process of the invention: the specific process of step S1 is as follows:
step S11, for the ith M-Z type atom interference cycle, operating a cold atom interference gravimeter at the moment when t is 0, cooling and trapping atoms through a magneto-optical trap, so that the temperature of the atomic group is less than or equal to 10 mu k, and the number of atoms is more than or equal to 107A plurality of;
s12, selecting atomic speed and atomic state by using microwave and Raman light to obtain cold atomic groups with longitudinal temperature less than or equal to 400nk, and preparing the atomic groups into a specific internal state;
step S13, the atom falls or is thrown upward into the interference chamber, where t ═ t1At the moment, three beams of Pi/2-Pi/2 Raman laser pulses with the interval time of T and the duration time of tau, 2 tau and tau are acted with atoms to make the radicals coherently split, reflect and combine to form an M-Z interferometer, wherein the phases of the first beam of Raman laser pulse and the second beam of Raman laser pulse are phi respectively1、φ2The phase of the third Raman laser pulse is kept constant
The frequency is swept gradually along with the cycle frequency i within the range of-pi to pi or jumps between-pi/2 and pi/2 in sequence;
step S14, three Raman lasers and atomic phases in pi/2-pi/2Synchronously acquiring the phase shift of homodyne laser interference fringes caused by the vibration of a reflector by a four-channel phase shift detector of a Michelson type homodyne laser interferometer while interacting
Step S15, obtaining the transition probability of the cold atomic group by the normalized fluorescence detection method
As a further improvement of the process of the invention: the data processing in step S2 includes shaping conversion, digital phase detection stripe subdivision, and linear superposition.
As a further improvement of the process of the invention: the specific steps of step S2 are:
step S21, extraction of phase decimal variation amount: in step S1, the four-channel phase-shift detector obtains a pair of homodyne laser interference sine and cosine signals, shapes and converts the signals into a pair of orthogonal square signals in real time, subdivides and distinguishes the square signals by a digital phase discrimination fringe subdivision method, and determines the phase fraction of the sine and cosine signalsi(t1)；
Step S22, extraction of phase integer variation: real-time monitoring of phase fractions in Raman optical action processi(t) change, determining the phase integer variation in the Raman optical action process according to the direction of the jump generated by the phase fraction
And the direction thereof, and simultaneously recording the phase fraction of the homodyne laser interference fringes after the action of Raman lighti(t2) The phase shift caused by the vibration during the action of the first Raman laser beam is
Step S23, extraction of total vibration phase shift amount: repeating the steps S21-S22 to obtain the phase shift caused by vibration in the process of the second and third Raman laser beams
Combining the measurement principle of an M-Z type atom interference gravimeter, and obtaining the Raman laser phase difference caused by the vibration of a reflector in the atom interference process through linear superposition
As a further improvement of the process of the invention: the specific steps of step S3 are:
step S31, extracting the third beam of Raman laser pulse phase phi from the ith M-Z type atom interference cycle3 i-atomic transition probability
The measurement result of (a);
step S32, in real time
Correcting phase shift caused by mirror vibration in a relationship
Outputting Raman laser initial phase without vibration noise
Probability of transition with atom
The corrected result of (1);
step S33 according to
Relationship, calculating the phase shift of atomic interference fringes caused by gravity
According to
The gravity acceleration g value is output through inversion calculation, wherein the effective wave vector
Two counter-propagating Raman lasers
The invention further provides a portable vibration noise correction compensation device suitable for an atomic interference gravimeter, which comprises:
vibration phase shift measurement module: adopting a Michelson type zero-difference laser interferometer and outputting a pair of orthogonal sine and cosine signals related to the vibration of a reflector;
a vibration phase shift extraction module: a homodyne interference signal processing unit is adopted to output Raman laser phase difference caused by atom sensing caused by the vibration of a reflector;
a vibration phase shift correction module: the method is used for correcting the phase information in the Raman laser phase-atom transition probability signal obtained by atomic interferometry in real time and outputting the Raman laser initial phase-atom transition probability signal without vibration noise.
As a further improvement of the device of the invention:
the homodyne interference signal processing unit comprises a Raman laser and reflector, a polarization beam splitter prism, a reference pyramid prism, a quarter-wave plate, a half-wave plate and a four-channel phase-shifting detector;
the homodyne interference signal processing unit comprises a low-noise filter, a shaping converter and a digital phase discrimination fringe subdivider.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention relates to a vibration noise correction compensation method and a portable device suitable for an atomic interference gravimeter, which utilize the original Raman laser and a reflector of the atomic interference gravimeter, combine a wave plate, a polarization beam splitter prism and a reference pyramid prism to form a Michelson type zero-difference laser interferometer to measure the reflector vibration caused by the ground, can replace a complex and heavy vibration isolation system and measurement equipment such as a seismometer, an accelerometer and the like, and can measure vibration noise conveniently and at low cost.
2. According to the vibration noise correction compensation method and the portable device for the atomic interference gravimeter, disclosed by the invention, the phase movement of the M-Z type atomic interferometer caused by the vibration of the reflector is obtained by monitoring the phase movement of the Michelson type homodyne laser interference fringes, the vibration noise in the whole atomic interference process can be completely and synchronously measured at the same position, and the vibration measurement method is used for measuring the effective synthetic vibration in the vertical direction and coupling the vibration effects in the two horizontal directions, so that the measurement precision is higher.
3. According to the vibration noise correction compensation method and the portable device suitable for the atomic interference gravimeter, disclosed by the invention, the vibration noise can be corrected and compensated in real time and high precision by utilizing the four-channel phase-shift detector, the homodyne interference signal processing unit and the vibration phase-shift correction module, and the measurement sensitivity, stability and portability of the atomic interference gravimeter are greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a correction compensation method according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an atomic interference process and a vibration noise measurement process of an M-Z type atomic interference gravimeter according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the correction compensation device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the vibration noise correction compensation effect achieved after the present invention is applied in the specific embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1, a vibration noise correction compensation method suitable for an atomic interference gravimeter according to the present invention includes:
step S1, vibration phase shift measurement: monitoring the phase shift of interference fringes of the Michelson type homodyne laser interferometer caused by the vibration of a reflector by a four-channel phase shift detector; when the method is applied specifically, the phase shift of the laser interference fringe caused by the vibration of the reflecting mirror in the whole interference measurement period can be synchronously acquired through a four-channel phase shift detector of the Michelson type zero-difference laser interferometer.
Step S2, vibration phase shift extraction: extracting total phase shift caused by vibration of a reflector in the action process of three beams of Raman light through data processing processes such as shaping conversion, digital phase discrimination stripe subdivision, linear superposition and the like;
step S3, vibration phase shift correction: and correcting and compensating phase shift caused by the vibration of the reflecting mirror in real time in the measured Raman laser phase-atom transition probability signal, and outputting the Raman laser phase-atom transition probability signal without vibration noise.
In a specific application example, as shown in fig. 2, the specific step of step S1 is:
step S11, for the ith M-Z type (beam splitting-reflecting-beam combining) atom interference circulation, operating a cold atom interference gravimeter at the moment when t is 0, cooling and trapping atoms through a magneto-optical trap, so that the temperature of atomic groups is less than or equal to 10 mu k, and the number of atoms is more than or equal to 107A plurality of;
s12, selecting the atomic speed and the atomic state by using microwave and Raman light to obtain cold atomic groups with the longitudinal temperature less than or equal to 400nk, and preparing the atomic groups into a specific internal state, such as | g > state;
step S13, the atom falls or is thrown upward into the interference chamber, where t ═ t1At the moment, three beams of Pi/2-Pi/2 Raman laser pulses with the interval time of T and the duration time of tau, 2 tau and tau are acted with atoms to make the radicals coherently split, reflect and combine to form an M-Z interferometer, wherein the phases of the first beam of Raman laser pulse and the second beam of Raman laser pulse are phi respectively1、φ2The phase of the third Raman laser pulse is kept constant
The frequency is swept gradually along with the cycle frequency i within the range of-pi to pi or jumps between-pi/2 and pi/2 in sequence;
step S14, three Raman lasers and atoms in pi/2-pi/2Synchronously acquiring the phase shift of homodyne laser interference fringes caused by the vibration of a reflector by a four-channel phase shift detector of a Michelson type homodyne laser interferometer while interacting
Step S15, obtaining the transition probability of the cold atomic group by the normalized fluorescence detection method
In a specific application example, as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, the specific step of step S2 is:
step S21, extraction of phase decimal variation amount: in step S1, the four-channel phase-shift detector obtains a pair of homodyne laser interference sine and cosine signals, shapes and converts the signals into a pair of orthogonal square signals in real time, subdivides and distinguishes the square signals by a digital phase discrimination fringe subdivision method, and determines the phase fraction of the sine and cosine signalsi(t1)；
Step S22, extraction of phase integer variation: real-time monitoring of phase fractions in Raman optical action processi(t) change, determining the phase integer variation in the Raman optical action process according to the direction of the jump generated by the phase fraction
And the direction thereof, and simultaneously recording the phase fraction of the homodyne laser interference fringes after the action of Raman lighti(t2) The phase shift caused by the vibration during the action of the first Raman laser beam is
Step S23, extraction of total vibration phase shift amount: repeating the steps S21-S22 to obtain the phase shift caused by vibration in the process of the second and third Raman laser beams
Combining the measurement principle of an M-Z type atom interference gravimeter, and obtaining the Raman laser phase difference caused by the vibration of a reflector in the atom interference process through linear superposition
In a specific application example, as shown in fig. 3, the specific step of step S3 is:
step S31, extracting the third beam of Raman laser pulse phase for the ith M-Z type (beam splitting-reflecting-beam combining) atom interference cycle
-atomic transition probability
The measurement result of (a);
step S32, using L abVIEW software to perform real-time operation
Correcting phase shift caused by mirror vibration in a relationship
Outputting Raman laser initial phase without vibration noise
Probability of transition with atom
The corrected result of (1). As shown in fig. 4, the raman laser phase-atomic transition probability map better conforms to the theoretical curve after the vibration noise correction compensation method is used.
Step S33 according to
Relationship, calculating the phase shift of atomic interference fringes caused by gravity
According to
The gravity acceleration g value is output through inversion calculation, wherein the effective wave vector
Two counter-propagating Raman lasers
As shown in the lower right hand inset in figure 3.
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention further provides a portable vibration noise correction compensation device suitable for an atomic interference gravimeter, which includes:
vibration phase shift measurement module: forming a Michelson type zero-difference laser interferometer by utilizing a Raman laser, a reflector, a polarization beam splitter prism, a reference pyramid prism, a quarter-wave plate, a half-wave plate, a four-channel phase-shifting detector and the like, and simultaneously outputting a pair of orthogonal sine and cosine signals related to the vibration of the reflector;
a vibration phase shift extraction module: a homodyne interference signal processing unit is formed by utilizing devices such as a low-noise filter, a shaping converter, a digital phase discrimination fringe subdivider and the like, and the Raman laser phase difference sensed by atoms caused by the vibration of a reflector is output;
and the vibration phase shift correction module corrects the phase information in the Raman laser phase-atom transition probability signal obtained by atomic interferometry in real time by utilizing the data storage and processing functions of L abVIEW control software and outputs the Raman laser initial phase-atom transition probability signal without vibration noise.
In this embodiment, the apparatus of the present invention further includes the original features of the cold atom interferometer: vacuum chamber and mechanical parts for providing cold atom interference better than 10-7An ultra-high vacuum environment of Pa; the magnetic field unit is used for generating a compensation magnetic field required by the magneto-optical trap, a gradient magnetic field and a quantization magnetic field required by atomic interference; time sequence controlAnd the system unit is used for automatically controlling the whole experiment process.
In the embodiment, the processes of cooling and atom capturing of the magneto-optical trap, free release or vertical upward throwing of atomic groups, atomic speed and atomic state selection, Raman pi pulse and atomic group action, atomic end state detection, vibration phase measurement extraction, correction and compensation and the like are automatically controlled by a time sequence control system without manual participation, so that real-time measurement processing can be realized, and the precision is high.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A vibration noise correction compensation method suitable for an atomic interference gravimeter is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step S1, vibration phase shift measurement: monitoring the phase shift of interference fringes of the Michelson type homodyne laser interferometer caused by the vibration of a reflector by a four-channel phase shift detector;
step S2, vibration phase shift extraction: extracting total phase shift caused by the vibration of a reflector in the action process of the three beams of Raman light through data processing;
step S3, vibration phase shift correction: and correcting and compensating phase shift caused by the vibration of the reflecting mirror in real time in the measured Raman laser phase-atom transition probability signal, and outputting the Raman laser phase-atom transition probability signal without vibration noise.
2. The vibration noise correction and compensation method for the atomic interference gravimeter according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, a michelson type homodyne laser interferometer is formed by using the raman laser and the mirror of the atomic interference gravimeter, in combination with the wave plate, the polarization splitting prism and the reference pyramid prism, and the phase shift of the M-Z type atomic interferometer caused by the mirror vibration is obtained by monitoring the phase shift of the homodyne laser interference fringes.
3. The vibration noise correction compensation method for atomic interference gravimeter according to claim 1, wherein the vibration phase shift measurement in step S1 is acquired at the same time when the atomic interferometer is operated to measure the atomic transition probability, and the entire interferometry period is included, and the raman light action time is completely synchronized.
4. The vibration noise correction and compensation method for the atomic interference gravimeter according to claim 1, wherein in step S1, a phase shift optical path and a differential subtraction are used to output a pair of orthogonal sine and cosine signals, so as to directly obtain the direction and magnitude of the phase change.
5. The vibration noise correction and compensation method for the atomic interference gravimeter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the specific process of step S1 is as follows:
step S11, for the ith M-Z type atom interference cycle, operating a cold atom interference gravimeter at the moment when t is 0, cooling and trapping atoms through a magneto-optical trap, so that the temperature of the atomic group is less than or equal to 10 mu k, and the number of atoms is more than or equal to 107A plurality of;
s12, selecting atomic speed and atomic state by using microwave and Raman light to obtain cold atomic groups with longitudinal temperature less than or equal to 400nk, and preparing the atomic groups into a specific internal state;
step S13, the atom falls or is thrown upward into the interference chamber, where t ═ t1At the moment, three beams of Pi/2-Pi/2 Raman laser pulses with the interval time of T and the duration time of tau, 2 tau and tau are acted with atoms to make the radicals coherently split, reflect and combine to form an M-Z interferometer, wherein the phases of the first beam of Raman laser pulse and the second beam of Raman laser pulse are phi respectively1、φ2The phase of the third Raman laser pulse is kept constant
Following the circulationThe ring times i are swept successively within the range of-pi or jump between-pi/2 and pi/2 in sequence;
step S14, synchronously collecting the phase shift of the homodyne laser interference fringe caused by the vibration of the reflector by the four-channel phase shift detector of the Michelson type homodyne laser interferometer while the three-beam Raman laser of pi/2-pi/2 interacts with the atom
Step S15, obtaining the transition probability of the cold atomic group by the normalized fluorescence detection method
6. The vibration noise correction compensation method for atomic interference gravimeter according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the data processing in step S2 includes shaping conversion, digital phase detection fringe subdivision and linear superposition.
7. The vibration noise correction and compensation method for the atomic interference gravimeter according to claim 6, wherein the step S2 includes the following steps:
step S21, extraction of phase decimal variation amount: in step S1, the four-channel phase-shift detector obtains a pair of homodyne laser interference sine and cosine signals, shapes and converts the signals into a pair of orthogonal square signals in real time, subdivides and distinguishes the square signals by a digital phase discrimination fringe subdivision method, and determines the phase fraction of the sine and cosine signalsi(t1)；
Step S22, extraction of phase integer variation: real-time monitoring of phase fractions in Raman optical action processi(t) change, determining the phase integer variation in the Raman optical action process according to the direction of the jump generated by the phase fraction
And the direction thereof are the same asRecording phase decimal of homodyne laser interference fringe after Raman light actioni(t2) The phase shift caused by the vibration during the action of the first Raman laser beam is
Step S23, extraction of total vibration phase shift amount: repeating the steps S21-S22 to obtain the phase shift caused by vibration in the process of the second and third Raman laser beams
Combining the measurement principle of an M-Z type atom interference gravimeter, and obtaining the Raman laser phase difference caused by the vibration of a reflector in the atom interference process through linear superposition
8. The vibration noise correction and compensation method for the atomic interference gravimeter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the step S3 includes the following steps:
step S31, extracting the third beam of Raman laser pulse phase for the ith M-Z type atom interference cycle
-atomic transition probability
The measurement result of (a);
step S32, in real time
Correcting phase shift caused by mirror vibration in a relationship
Outputting Raman laser initial phase without vibration noise
Probability of transition with atom
The corrected result of (1);
step S33 according to
Relationship, calculating the phase shift of atomic interference fringes caused by gravity
According to
The gravity acceleration g value is output through inversion calculation, wherein the effective wave vector
Two counter-propagating Raman lasers
9. A portable vibration noise correction compensation apparatus adapted for use in an atomic interference gravimeter, comprising:
vibration phase shift measurement module: adopting a Michelson type zero-difference laser interferometer and outputting a pair of orthogonal sine and cosine signals related to the vibration of a reflector;
a vibration phase shift extraction module: a homodyne interference signal processing unit is adopted to output Raman laser phase difference caused by atom sensing caused by the vibration of a reflector;
a vibration phase shift correction module: the method is used for correcting the phase information in the Raman laser phase-atom transition probability signal obtained by atomic interferometry in real time and outputting the Raman laser initial phase-atom transition probability signal without vibration noise.
10. The portable vibration noise correction compensation apparatus for atomic interference gravimeter according to claim 9, wherein,
the homodyne interference signal processing unit comprises a Raman laser and reflector, a polarization beam splitter prism, a reference pyramid prism, a quarter-wave plate, a half-wave plate and a four-channel phase-shifting detector;
the homodyne interference signal processing unit comprises a low-noise filter, a shaping converter and a digital phase discrimination fringe subdivider.
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| CN109298457B (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2020-05-12 | 中国科学技术大学 | Vibration noise correction compensation method suitable for atomic interference gravimeter |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112014894A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-01 | 中国地震局地球物理研究所 | Data measurement method and device based on laser interference absolute gravimeter |
| CN112014894B (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-06-18 | 中国地震局地球物理研究所 | Data measurement method and device based on laser interference absolute gravimeter |
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