CN108169804A - Atomic interference gravity gradient measurement method and device based on two-dimensional cross grating and similar pyramid structure - Google Patents
Atomic interference gravity gradient measurement method and device based on two-dimensional cross grating and similar pyramid structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN108169804A CN108169804A CN201711473426.9A CN201711473426A CN108169804A CN 108169804 A CN108169804 A CN 108169804A CN 201711473426 A CN201711473426 A CN 201711473426A CN 108169804 A CN108169804 A CN 108169804A
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Abstract
A kind of pyramid structure type atom interference gravity gradient measurement method and apparatus based on two-dimentional cross grating, the step of this method is: s1: preparing cold radicals; obtaining cold radicals through pre-cooling; s2: speed selection and state preparation; through Raman speed selection, the temperature of atomic groups is further reduced; state preparation in magnetically insensitive state | F ═ 1, mF＝0>The above step (1); s3: atomic interference; and (3) applying three light pulses of pi/2, pi and pi/2 to the atomic group through the two Raman light beams to realize beam splitting and beam combining of the atomic group and construct an atomic interferometer. S4: detecting an internal state; after the interference is finished, the atomic groups fall freely for a period of time, atomic population numbers on the hyperfine energy levels of the two ground states are respectively measured through the cooperation of the probe light, the pump light and the blown light, and finally the transition probability and the gravitational acceleration value are obtained. The device is used for implementing the method. The invention has the advantages of small integral volume, strong robustness, low cost, high measurement precision and the like.
Description
Technical field
Present invention relates generally to atomic interferometer fields, refer in particular to a kind of pyramid-like structure based on two-dimentional crossed grating
Type intervening atom gradiometry method and device.
Background technology
Since Michelson's interferometer invention, according to the diffraction of light wave, interference pattern build interferometry instrument because
Its high measurement accuracy and sensitivity and be widely used in basic scientific research, production practices, space flight and aviation, geological exploration and
The various fields such as national defense industry.In practice, people gradually recognize that survey can be improved by carrying out interference using the shorter wave of wavelength
Accuracy of measurement, therefore electron interferometer is constructed in nineteen fifty-two, constructs neutron interferometer in 1962, until in the 1970s,
People just start to conceive atomic interferometer.Atomic interferometer replaces classical light wave to be used as interference medium using atomic material wave
Atomic spectroscopic terms realize beam splitting, reflection, the interferometer for closing beam process and forming instead of classical optics device.
Compared to other interference media, atomic interferometer has the advantage that：1. due to atomic mass much larger than photon, in
Son and electronics, corresponding matter wave wavelength is shorter, therefore can obtain higher measurement accuracy and sensitivity.Theory analysis table
Bright, the He-Ne lasergyro of the remolding sensitivity same circuit area of intervening atom gyroscope is high by 1011Times, atom accelerograph
Than the high sensitivity 10 of existing accelerometer17Times.2. because atom has abundant inside energy level, electromagnetic field can be utilized to it
Accurate manipulation is carried out, thus atomic interferometer can provide wider basic research and application.3. atom shows electroneutral, by miscellaneous
It is small to dissipate electric jamming, and there is no Coulomb interactions between atom, therefore the measurement accuracy better than electron interferometer can be obtained.
4. in addition, the development of laser cooling and trapping atoms technology is so that high-throughput cold or cold atoms beam is easier to obtain, thus intervening atom
The construction of instrument is simpler than neutron interferometer and cheap.
Atomic interferometer is classical light wave to be replaced to replace warp with atomic spectroscopic terms as interference medium using atomic material wave
Allusion quotation optical device come realize beam splitting, reflection, close beam process and the matter wave interference system that forms, it can be achieved that angular speed, acceleration,
The high-sensitivity measurement of time and frequency standards, gravity/gravity gradient.Theoretical analysis shows that intervening atom absolute gravimeter can make it is existing
The sensitivity of absolute gravimeter at least improves 3 magnitudes, therefore cold atom interference gravity apparatus is current absolute gravimeter and again
Research hotspot in power gradient former field is expected to as the following accurately foundation band of the detection of gravity field and gravity field model
Carry out revolutionary impact.Cold atom interference gravimeter basic procedure be：It first, will using 3 dimension Magneto-Optical Trap technologies of six beam light
A large amount of alkali metal (such as rubidium Rb or caesium Cs) Trapping of Atoms are simultaneously cooled to μ K magnitudes so that with the original of supersonic motion under normal temperature state
Sub- speed is reduced to below 1mm/s；Secondly, atomic group after cooling is placed in gravitational field and does the movement of falling object, and with phase
The relevant laser pulse interaction in position, is split atomic wave, reflects, closing the coherent manipulations such as beam, and realizing that atom is done
It relates to；Finally, atomic group final states is detected, using phosphor collection or absorbs imaging method acquisition intervening atom striped, fit
The accurate measurement of absolute gravity acceleration is realized in phase shift caused by acceleration of gravity.Cold atom interferes the basic of gravity gradiometer
Flow is similar with gravimeter, and the atomic interference gravimeter measurement result by upper and lower two with certain distance difference makes the difference, and obtains
Gradiometry result.
At present, the major programme of intervening atom gravity gradiometer is to form Magneto-Optical Trap by six beam light of three dimensions
(Magnetic-optic traps, be abbreviated as MOT), imprison and cooling atomic group, then speed selection and state are carried out to atomic group
Selection finally carries out Raman interventional procedures.Six beam laser of Magneto-Optical Trap need the installation six on vacuum chamber to expand cylinder, light path portion
Dividing needs a large amount of optical device, this is just inevitably so that system bulk increase.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is that：For technical problem of the existing technology, the present invention provides one
Kind overall volume is small, strong robustness, at low cost, high certainty of measurement the pyramid-like structure type atom based on two-dimentional crossed grating
Interfere gradiometry method and device.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gradiometry method based on two-dimentional crossed grating, step
For：
S1：The preparation of cold atom cloud；It carries out prime to cool down to obtain temperature being about 15 μ k by Magneto-Optical Trap, polarization gradient cooling
Cold atom cloud；
S2：Speed selects to prepare with state；It is selected by Raman speed, atomic group temperature further reduces；State is prepared in magnetic
Insensitive state | F=1, mF=0>On；
S3：Intervening atom；Pi/2, π and pi/2 three beams light pulse are applied to atomic group by two beam Raman lights, realize atomic group
Beam splitting with close beam, construct an atomic interferometer.
S4：Interior state detection；After the completion of interference, by atomic group free-falling for a period of time, coordinate back pump by detecting light
Light, the effect for dispelling light measure the atomic population on the hyperfine energy level of two ground state, and finally obtain transition probability respectively
And gravity acceleration value.
As being further improved for the method for the present invention：In the step S2, atomic group temperature is further reduced to 1 μ k.
As being further improved for the method for the present invention：In the step S1, before being carried out by Magneto-Optical Trap, polarization gradient cooling
Grade cooling obtains cold atom cloud.
As being further improved for the method for the present invention：Coordinate back pump light by detecting light in the step S4, dispel light
Effect, measures the atomic population on the hyperfine energy level of two ground state respectively.
The present invention further provides a kind of pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gravity gradients based on two-dimentional crossed grating
Measuring device including vacuum chamber, expands cylinder, two-dimentional crossed grating and speculum group for generating separate type pyramid structure
Part；The simple optical fiber for expanding cylinder and being used for introducing vacuum system, the two dimension crossed grating, which is located at, expands cylinder and speculum group
Between part；The mirror assembly is from top to bottom divided into：First MOT areas, the first interference region, the 2nd MOT areas, the second interference
Area and detecting area；Include four the first speculums and corresponding four optical splitters, the 2nd MOT areas in the first MOT areas
Inside also include four the first speculums, the second reflective mirror is provided with below detecting area.
As being further improved for apparatus of the present invention：A branch of cooling light is introduced by the cylinder that expands, by two-dimentional cross light
It is divided into five beam light after grid.
As being further improved for apparatus of the present invention：Luminous power in the five beams light straight down is other four bundles light work(
The 1/2 of rate, five beam light polarizations are identical.
As being further improved for apparatus of the present invention：Four the first speculums positioned at the first MOT areas are by four bundles light
Direction is adjusted to straight down, is divided into two parts by four optical splitters, a part is used to form Magneto-Optical Trap, another part
Lower Magneto-Optical Trap is used to form, realizes the cooling and imprison of atomic group.
As being further improved for apparatus of the present invention：In the first MOT areas, four first speculums are located at described
The cavity four sides of vacuum chamber, and with horizontal plane angle is spent into certain.
As being further improved for apparatus of the present invention：The vacuum chamber is using frequency conversion dry scroll pumps, turbomolecular pump
The ultra-high vacuum environment needed for system is realized with combination pump three-level vacuum pump.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：
1st, the present invention proposes a kind of 3D-MOT of the combined type pyramid-like structure based on two-dimentional crossed grating beam splitting and sets
Meter scheme.The beam of laser imported by simple optical fiber is symmetrically divided into 5 beam coherent lasers, and profit by the program using two-dimensional grating
It is mutually perpendicular to penetrating laser in horizontal plane and five individual mirrors of bottom, three pairs of directions of propagation of formation.The program has
Have the advantages that small, integrated level is high, easy to adjust, while reduces the required precision of processing and installation, and so that three pairs hang down
Directly the consistency for penetrating laser characteristics parameter is easier to ensure, so as to improve the measurement of intervening atom gravity/gravity gradiometer spirit
Sensitivity.
2nd, the present invention proposes a kind of pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gravity gradient based on two-dimentional crossed grating and surveys
The complete scheme (being prepared including atomic group, prepared by state, beam etc. is closed in atomic group beam splitting) of amount, has very high reference value.Same
Two combined type pyramid-like structures are constructed in one vacuum chamber and generate two ultralow temperature rubidium atomic groups, two sets of gravity up and down is formed and surveys
Quantized system forms, and carries out acceleration of gravity detection using the free-falling simultaneously of diatomic group, and weight is realized after difference processing
The measurement of power vertical gradient.Since two sets of gravity measurement subsystems are using identical designing scheme, three pairs of directions of propagation are hung down mutually
The straight 5 beam coherent lasers for being all from two-dimentional crossed grating diffraction to penetrating laser and generating, and two atoms are in same vacuum chamber
In, it can effectively inhibit the common-mode noises such as laser phase noise, external magnetic field disturbance, environmental temperature fluctuation and random vibration, significantly
Improve the measurement accuracy of vertical gradient of gravity.
The present invention proposes a kind of pyramid-like type intervening atom gravity gradiometer side based on two-dimentional crossed grating beam splitting
Case.The main advantage of the program is that only piece optical fiber of needs introduces vacuum chamber.The advantage of the program is：1. system entirety body
Product is small.Since light beam only being needed to enter vacuum chamber, laser module eliminates a large amount of optical device, and water is omitted in vacuum module
Square cylinder is expanded to four bundles light, so as to reduce the volume of vacuum module and laser module.2. strong robustness.In system debug
The optical fiber power for ensureing to introduce vacuum chamber is only needed to stablize, it is easy to accomplish.Since system structure is simple, regulated variable is few,
When working long hours, error probability is low.3. low cost.The program has saved a large amount of light compared with six classical beam light schemes
Device is learned, so as to reduce overall cost.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram of the method for the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the main structure of the schematic diagram of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the side view structure principle schematic of apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the stereochemical structure principle schematic of apparatus of the present invention.
Marginal data：
1st, vacuum chamber；2nd, cylinder is expanded；3rd, two-dimentional crossed grating；4th, the first MOT areas；5th, the first interference region；6th, the 2nd MOT
Area；7th, the second interference region；8th, detecting area；9th, the first speculum；10th, optical splitter；11st, the second reflective mirror；12nd, mixing pump.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details below with reference to Figure of description and specific embodiment.
As shown in Figure 1, the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gravity gradient based on two-dimentional crossed grating of the present invention is surveyed
Amount method, step are：
S1：The preparation of cold atom cloud.
Pass through Magneto-Optical Trap, polarization gradient cooling (Polarization Gradient Cooling, be abbreviated as PGC) first
Prime is carried out to cool down to obtain the cold atom cloud that temperature is about 15 μ k.
S2：Speed selects to prepare with state.
It is selected by Raman speed, atomic group temperature is further reduced to about 1 μ k.State is prepared in the insensitive state F of magnetic
=1, mF=0>On.
S3：Intervening atom.
Pi/2, π and pi/2 three beams light pulse are applied to atomic group by two beam Raman lights, realize the beam splitting and conjunction of atomic group
Beam constructs an atomic interferometer.
S4：Interior state detection.
After the completion of interference, by atomic group free-falling for a period of time, then coordinate back pump light by detecting light, dispel light
Effect, measure the atomic population on the hyperfine energy level of two ground state respectively, and finally obtain transition probability and gravity
Acceleration value.
As shown in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4, the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom weight of the invention based on two-dimentional crossed grating
Power gradient measuring device is using 3 beam splitting of two-dimentional crossed grating, the designing scheme of the pyramid-like Magneto-Optical Trap of formation.Specifically
It is that entire vacuum system only needs light beam from top to bottom, it is identical for five beam characteristics by two-dimentional 3 beam splitting of crossed grating
Light forms separate type pyramid structure by four speculums of horizontal direction and nethermost speculum, replaces traditional six beams
Light scheme.
The device of the invention specifically includes vacuum chamber 1, expands cylinder 2, two-dimentional crossed grating 3 and for generating separate type gold
The mirror assembly of word tower structure.The simple optical fiber that cylinder 2 is used for introducing vacuum system is expanded, two-dimentional crossed grating 3, which is located at, to be expanded
Between cylinder 2 and mirror assembly.Mirror assembly is from top to bottom divided into：First MOT areas 4, the first interference region 5, the 2nd MOT
Area 6, the second interference region 7 and detecting area 8.Include four the first speculums 9 and corresponding four light splitting in first MOT areas 4
Device 10 also includes four the first speculums 9 in the 2nd MOT areas 6, and the lower section of detecting area 8 is provided with the second reflective mirror 11.It is a branch of cold
But light is introduced by expanding cylinder 2, and five beam light are divided into after two-dimentional crossed grating 3, wherein luminous power straight down for other four
The 1/2 of optical power beam, five beam light polarizations are identical.Four the first speculums 9 positioned at the first MOT areas 4 are by four bundles light direction
It is adjusted to straight down, by four optical splitters 10 to be divided to for two parts, a part is used to form Magneto-Optical Trap, and another part is used
In forming lower Magneto-Optical Trap, the cooling and imprison of atomic group are realized.
In concrete application example, one is placed with horizontal plane into centainly spending the of angle the cavity four sides of vacuum chamber 1 is each
One speculum 9.
The intervening atom gravity gradiometer of the present invention is using cold atom as Detecting medium, and thermal diffusion rate is small, favorably
In increase time of measuring, but atom is easy to that random collision occurs with background spurious gas during cooling down and imprisoning, thus
The service life and coherence time for causing cold atom reduce, therefore cold atom interference experiment needs carry out under ultra-high vacuum environment.
In concrete application example, vacuum chamber 1 uses glass evacuated chamber 1, should be the cuboid of length of side 20mm.As a preferred embodiment, originally
The vacuum system of invention, using frequency conversion dry scroll pumps, turbomolecular pump and combination pump 12 (by ionic pump and getter couples
Into) three-level vacuum pump realizes the ultra-high vacuum environment needed for system (better than 10-8Pa)。
In concrete application example, the light that optical fiber introduces includes：Cooling light returns expanding for pump light, detection light and Raman light.
The difference on the frequency of two beam Raman lights is 6.8GHz.One process atomic group after cooling (about 1 μ k of temperature), is in after prepared by state
The insensitive state of magnetic | F=1, mF=0>, pi/2, π and pi/2 three beams light pulse then are applied to atomic group, realize atomic group
Beam splitting builds an intervening atom gravity gradiometer with closing beam, by upper and lower two atomic interferometers.Finally, coordinated by detecting light
Return pump light effect, measure the atomic population on the hyperfine energy level of two ground state respectively, and finally obtain transition probability with
And gravity gradient value.
The present invention proposes the conceptual design of separate type inverted pyramid, it is only necessary to which an optical fiber introduces vacuum chamber 1.The present invention
Advantage be：
(1) system overall volume is small.Compared with six classical beam light MOT, the present invention only needs light beam to enter vacuum chamber
1, laser module eliminates a large amount of optical device, and what vacuum module was omitted horizontal direction MOT light expands cylinder 2, so as to reduce
The volume of vacuum module and laser module.
(2) strong robustness.The optical fiber power for ensureing to introduce vacuum chamber 1 is only needed to stablize in system debug, be easy to real
It is existing.Since system structure is simple, regulated variable is few, when working long hours, error probability is low.
(3) flexible adjustment.Compared with traditional pyramid scheme, pyramidal four faces are used discrete component by the present invention
Combination is formed, and the adjusting that each face can be flexible, independent while reducing the required precision of processing and installation, improves survey
Measure the stability of result.
(4) since upper and lower two sets of gravity measurement subsystems use identical designing scheme, three pairs of directions of propagation are orthogonal
The 5 beam coherent lasers for being all from two-dimentional 3 diffraction of crossed grating to penetrating laser and generating, and two atoms are in same vacuum chamber 1
In, it can effectively inhibit the common-mode noises such as laser phase noise, external magnetic field disturbance, environmental temperature fluctuation and random vibration, significantly
Improve the measurement accuracy of vertical gradient of gravity.
(5) it is inexpensive.The present invention has saved a large amount of optical devices, so as to reduce compared with six classical beam light schemes
Overall cost.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not limited merely to above-described embodiment,
All technical solutions belonged under thinking of the present invention all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the art
For those of ordinary skill, several improvements and modifications without departing from the principles of the present invention should be regarded as the protection of the present invention
Range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gradiometry method based on two-dimentional crossed grating, feature exist
In step is：
S1：The preparation of cold atom cloud；Prime is carried out by cooling to cool down to obtain cold atom cloud；
S2：Speed selects to prepare with state；It is selected by Raman speed, atomic group temperature further reduces；State prepares unwise in magnetic
The state of sense | F=1, mF=0>On；
S3：Intervening atom；Pi/2, π and pi/2 three beams light pulse are applied to atomic group by two beam Raman lights, realize point of atomic group
Shu Yuhe beams construct an atomic interferometer；
S4：Interior state detection；After the completion of interference, by atomic group free-falling for a period of time, measured respectively by detecting light and be in
Atomic population on the hyperfine energy level of two ground state, and finally obtain transition probability and gravity acceleration value.
2. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gradiometry according to claim 1 based on two-dimentional crossed grating
Method, which is characterized in that in the step S2, atomic group temperature is further reduced to 1 μ k.
3. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gradiometry according to claim 1 based on two-dimentional crossed grating
Method, which is characterized in that in the step S1, carry out prime by Magneto-Optical Trap, polarization gradient cooling and cool down to obtain cold atom cloud.
4. the ladder of the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gravity based on two-dimentional crossed grating according to claims 1 or 2 or 3
Spend measuring method, which is characterized in that coordinate back pump light, the effect for dispelling light by detecting light in the step S4, measure respectively
Atomic population on the hyperfine energy level of two ground state.
5. a kind of pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gradiometry device based on two-dimentional crossed grating, feature exist
In including vacuum chamber, expanding cylinder, two-dimentional crossed grating and mirror assembly for generating separate type pyramid structure；Institute
State and expand cylinder and be used for introducing the simple optical fiber of vacuum system, the two dimension crossed grating be located at expand cylinder and mirror assembly it
Between；The mirror assembly is from top to bottom divided into：First MOT areas, the first interference region, the 2nd MOT areas, the second interference region and
Detecting area；Include four the first speculums and corresponding four optical splitters in the first MOT areas, in the 2nd MOT areas
Including four the first speculums, the second reflective mirror is provided with below detecting area.
6. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gradiometry according to claim 5 based on two-dimentional crossed grating
Device, which is characterized in that a branch of cooling light is introduced by the cylinder that expands, and five beam light are divided into after two-dimentional crossed grating.
7. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gradiometry according to claim 6 based on two-dimentional crossed grating
Device, which is characterized in that the luminous power in the five beams light straight down is the 1/2 of other four bundles light power, five beam light polarization
Characteristic is identical.
8. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gravity gradient based on two-dimentional crossed grating described according to claim 6 or 7
Measuring device, which is characterized in that positioned at the first MOT areas four the first speculums by four bundles light direction be adjusted to vertically to
Under, it is divided into two parts by four optical splitters, a part is used to form Magneto-Optical Trap, and another part is used to form lower magneto-optic
Trap realizes the cooling and imprison of atomic group.
9. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gravity gradient based on two-dimentional crossed grating described according to claim 6 or 7
Measuring device, which is characterized in that in the first MOT areas, four first speculums are located at the cavity four of the vacuum chamber
Face, and with horizontal plane angle is spent into certain.
10. the pyramid-like structure type intervening atom gravity gradient based on two-dimentional crossed grating described according to claim 6 or 7
Measuring device, which is characterized in that the vacuum chamber uses frequency conversion dry scroll pumps, turbomolecular pump and combination pump three-level vacuum
It pumps to realize the ultra-high vacuum environment needed for system.
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| CN109799542A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-05-24 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | The full Tensor measuring system and method for intervening atom gravity gradient |
| CN110596773A (en) * | 2019-10-23 | 2019-12-20 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院国防科技创新研究院 | Miniaturized atomic interference gravimeter vacuum device adopting folding light path |
| CN111045070A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-04-21 | 浙江大学 | System and method for measuring captured cold atoms based on differential interferometer |
| CN111308569A (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2020-06-19 | 北京大学 | Optical fiber gravity gradiometer and gravity gradient measurement method |
| CN112764115A (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2021-05-07 | 杭州微伽量子科技有限公司 | Quantum absolute gravimeter and probe thereof |
| CN112764115B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-06-21 | 杭州微伽量子科技有限公司 | Quantum absolute gravimeter and probe thereof |
| CN114167080A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-03-11 | 华中光电技术研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一七研究所） | Horizontal acceleration measuring device and method |
| CN114167080B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2024-05-10 | 华中光电技术研究所（中国船舶重工集团公司第七一七研究所） | Horizontal acceleration measuring device and method |
| CN114236629A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-03-25 | 华中科技大学 | Atomic gravity gradiometer based on dislocation cone mirror |
| CN114689282A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-07-01 | 华中科技大学 | Atomic interference device and method for calibrating amplification factor of imaging system on line |
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