CN108226886A - A kind of echo-signal production method of radio altimeter - Google Patents
A kind of echo-signal production method of radio altimeter Download PDFInfo
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- CN108226886A CN108226886A CN201810050304.7A CN201810050304A CN108226886A CN 108226886 A CN108226886 A CN 108226886A CN 201810050304 A CN201810050304 A CN 201810050304A CN 108226886 A CN108226886 A CN 108226886A
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002592 echocardiography Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 230000015654 memory Effects 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 11
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/4052—Means for monitoring or calibrating by simulation of echoes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/882—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for altimeters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/40—Means for monitoring or calibrating
- G01S7/4052—Means for monitoring or calibrating by simulation of echoes
- G01S7/406—Means for monitoring or calibrating by simulation of echoes using internally generated reference signals, e.g. via delay line, via RF or IF signal injection or via integrated reference reflector or transponder
- G01S7/4065—Means for monitoring or calibrating by simulation of echoes using internally generated reference signals, e.g. via delay line, via RF or IF signal injection or via integrated reference reflector or transponder involving a delay line
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of echo-signal production methods of radio altimeter, generated based on waveform acquisition storage, data delay forwarding, the superposition of high-order scene characteristic, analogue echoes and etc., it is realized using programmable device FPGA and the additional devices such as ADC, DAC, DDR SDRAM, it can realize the simulation to two class radio altimeter echo of continuous wave and pulsed, so as to complete the function of DUT and index test, there is extraordinary autgmentability and flexibility.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to signal generation and processing technology fields, more specifically, are related to a kind of radio altimeter
Echo-signal production method.
Background technology
Radio altimeter, also referred to as radar altimeter.It is that various types aviation and space equipment are equipped and used extensively
A kind of height measuring equipment.Radio altimeter can be divided into spaceborne, missile-borne and airborne three categories according to the difference for cutting body.
It is distinguished from the type of transmitting signal, radio altimeter can be divided into two major class of pulsed and continuous wave.Radio altimeter
Basic functional principle be transmitting altitude signal, then the reflected echo-signal of target face is received, by the biography for calculating signal
Between sowing time, so as to obtain the height of vehicle equipment and target face or distance.The radio altimeter of early stage can only realize height
The measurement of degree or distance, measurement accuracy is low, poor anti jamming capability.With the development of technology, contemporary radio altimeter measures
Precision is continuously improved, and can adapt to the different reflecting surface application scenarios such as ocean, forest, meadow, desert, the nothing of latest generation
Line electrical height table can also realize the function of imaging.
In the production of radio altimeter, research and development, test and daily guarantee maintenance process, need to use test equipment
Echo-signal is simulated, so as to judge whether every technical functionality and parameter index are normal.Traditional test equipment leads to
Often only carry out the decomposition test of function module or using SAW filter, travelling-wave tubes, electronic delay line, optical fiber
Delay line realizes the delay of signal and simulation, and for different target region features, Doppler frequency shift, the reflection echo of signal
The influence factors such as multipath effect analogue echoes and test be then difficult to realize.Therefore, design one kind can simulate above-mentioned high-order
The radio altimeter echo simulation device of test feature has important theoretical and practical values.
Invention content
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of echo-signal generations of radio altimeter
Method, in airbome pulse formula radio altimeter and continuous wave altimeter test process, being received simultaneously to altitude signal
It is needed to generate echo-signal according to test scene.
For achieving the above object, a kind of echo-signal production method of radio altimeter of the present invention, feature exist
In including the following steps：
(1), Signal Pretreatment
The altitude signal that radio altimeter equipment under test (DUT) transmitting terminal exports is input to power divider, is passed through
Power divider is divided into two paths of signals, to wherein signal is first divided and shaping, then carries out level translation all the way, is met
The instantaneous frequency measurement signal of FPGA input conditions, FPGA carry out frequency measurement to the instantaneous frequency measurement signal of input, obtain carrier frequency
Value, and local oscillator (LO) frequency is set according to obtained carrier frequency value；Under the control of local frequency, using low-converter to another
Signal carries out down-converted all the way outside, obtains intermediate frequency altitude signal；
(2), data acquisition and unloading
High-speed sampling is carried out to the intermediate frequency altitude signal after down coversion using ADC, converts analog signals into two way of I, Q
Word signal, FPGA again dump to I, Q two ways of digital signals in the large capacity dynamic memory DDR SDRAM outside piece；
(3), propagation delay is simulated
The space length transmission time of host computer analogue echo as needed sets the delay count value of delay counter
CNT；After delay counter count down to the delay count value CNT of setting, read from large capacity dynamic memory DDR SDRAM
Original I, Q two ways of digital signals；
(4), echo synthesizes
I, Q two ways of digital signals after delay is carried out waveform by the reflection region feature of FPGA analogue echos as needed
Transformation and overlap-add procedure, the digital waveform signal after being synthesized；
(5), signal exports
Digital waveform signal is subjected to digital-to-analogue conversion by DAC, obtains intermediate frequency analog echo signal, intermediate frequency analogue echo letter
Number upconversion process is carried out under local frequency control, the high echo-signal of survey of C-band is exported, and be sent in DUT, so as to real
The simulation of existing echo.
What the goal of the invention of the present invention was realized in：
A kind of echo-signal production method of radio altimeter of the present invention is turned based on waveform acquisition storage, data delay
Hair, high-order scene characteristic superposition, analogue echoes generation and etc., using programmable device FPGA and ADC, DAC, DDR
The additional devices such as SDRAM are realized, can realize the simulation to two class radio altimeter echo of continuous wave and pulsed, so as to complete
Into the function and index test of DUT, there is extraordinary autgmentability and flexibility.
Meanwhile a kind of echo-signal production method of radio altimeter of the present invention also has the advantages that：
(1), since the memory resource in fpga chip is limited, and stored and postponed the Wave data of forwarding
It measures larger, in order to ensure enough storage depths, employs DDR SDRAM to carry out the storage of Wave data；
(2), the present invention have it is small, low in energy consumption, integrated level is high, data-handling capacity is strong, fast response time, execution generation
The advantages that code upgrading update is convenient；
(3), the implementation method of analogue echoes of the present invention and the programmable features of FPGA so that the present invention also is able to carry out
The Function Extension of analogue echoes and the simulation of other radar signal echos under dynamic navigation attitude；
(4), the present invention can realize the simulation that two kinds of system radio altimeters of continuous wave and pulsed are surveyed with high echo,
It can be used as individual modular instrument, also can build Auto-Test System jointly with other surveying instruments, it is full
The needs of field testing in during sufficient radio altimeter production, research and development, test and daily guarantee maintenance etc.；
(5), traditional analogue echoes method is compared to, the present invention can not only be to the height value and step value of analogue echoes
It freely adjusts, but also speed and the high-order test scene echo for reflecting region feature are included with generation can be simulated.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of echo-signal production method schematic diagram of radio altimeter of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the function logic functional block diagram of FPGA shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the functional block diagram of scene process part shown in Fig. 2.
Specific embodiment
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, so as to those skilled in the art preferably
Understand the present invention.Requiring particular attention is that in the following description, when known function and the detailed description of design perhaps
When can desalinate the main contents of the present invention, these descriptions will be ignored herein.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is a kind of echo-signal production method schematic diagram of radio altimeter of the present invention.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 1, a kind of echo-signal production method of radio altimeter of the present invention, including
Following steps：
S1, Signal Pretreatment
For radio altimeter DUT by the altitude signal that emission port output center frequency is 4.3GHz, altitude signal is defeated
Enter to power divider and be divided into two paths of signals, after wherein signal carries out 32 frequency dividings and signal shaping all the way, become centre frequency
For the instantaneous frequency measurement signal of 134.375MHz, which is sent to FPGA after the level translation of single-ended-to-difference, and FPGA is to defeated
The instantaneous frequency measurement signal entered carries out frequency measurement, obtains carrier frequency value, and set local oscillator according to obtained carrier frequency value
(LO) frequency, so as to change the output frequency value of local oscillator；Under local frequency control, in addition signal is carried out at down coversion all the way
Reason obtains carrier frequency as 100MHz intermediate frequency altitude signals；
Wherein, down-converted method is：Local frequency value is subtracted with the value of signal frequency all the way of power divider, is obtained
Signal frequency value after down-converted.
S2, data acquisition and unloading
According to nyquist sampling theorem, if to be able to digital signal undistorted and without spectral aliasing, sample frequency
2 times higher than signal highest frequency are had to, in this analogue echoes method, the sample frequency of ADC is 1GHz, disclosure satisfy that and adopts
Requirement of the sample theorem in practical engineering application.After ADC is sampled and converted to input signal, same phase I and orthogonal Q two is exported
Road sampled data carries out subsequent processes to FPGA.
Since the memory resource inside fpga chip is limited, it is impossible to meet during analogue echoes Wave data acquisition and
The needs of storage.Therefore, Wave data is stored for the DDR SDRAM memories of 32M Bit present invention employs a piece of capacity,
Ping-pong operation is carried out to data using two first in, first out (FIFO) memories when DDR SDRAM carry out unloading.According to hits
1M sampling point data can be stored according to amount and the relationship of memory capacity, the DDR SDRAM memories.In distance resolution 0.3
In the case of rice, the Wave data of 1ms can be stored.It is high that the storage depth corresponding range simulation delay time is more than radio
The high working range of survey of table is spent, disclosure satisfy that the needs of actual test.
S3, propagation delay simulation
While waveform acquisition storage is carried out, altitude simulation parameter that counter is sent according to host computer, which count, prolongs
Late.The delay count value CNT of the analog echo signal setting delay counter of host computer according to actual needs, works as delay counter
Original I, Q two ways of digital signals is read from dynamic memory DDR SDRAM after counting down to the delay count value CNT of setting；
Specially：Counting is divided into pre-read and formally reads two node stages, and when counting down to pre-read node, FPGA is from external
The FIFO memory in Wave data to piece is read in DDR SDRAM；When counting down to the formal reading stage, export and deposited in FIFO
The data of storage carry out waveform processing.
Wherein, the calculation formula of delay count value CNT is：
CNT=2D/CTs-Tp
Wherein, D represents the relative altitude on radio altimeter and ground；C is electromagnetic wave propagation speed；Ts is delay meter
The counted clock cycle of number device；Tp is the data processing delay of analogue echoes signal.
S4, echo synthesis
Operation and processing are carried out to the frequency and range weight of waveform to be generated according to high-order test parameter.FPGA according to
The reflection characteristic of the analog echo signal of actual needs calls high level data processing unit generation Doppler frequency shift component, amplitude
Modulation product and modulation broadening component, in conjunction with these components by after delay I, Q two ways of digital signals carry out waveform transformation and
Overlap-add procedure, the digital waveform signal after being synthesized；
S5, signal output
Digital waveform signal is subjected to digital-to-analogue conversion by DAC, obtains intermediate frequency analog echo signal, intermediate frequency analogue echo letter
Number upconversion process is carried out under local frequency control, the high echo-signal of survey of C-band is exported, and be sent in DUT, so as to real
The simulation of existing echo.
Wherein, upconversion process method is：By the intermediate frequency analog echo signal frequency values obtained after digital-to-analogue conversion plus this
Resonance frequency value obtains the signal frequency value after upconversion process.
Fig. 2 is the function logic functional block diagram of FPGA shown in Fig. 1；
The main control logic of FPGA receives the control command input that host computer is sent out, and delay parameter is set according to control command
With high-order test scene parameter.The clock frequency of FPGA device is 250MHz, and the sample frequency of ADC is 1GHz, DDR SDRAM's
Working frequency is 266MHz, in order to avoid data in storing process due to operating rate is inconsistent and occur flow interruption or
It loses, the present invention carries out ping-pong operation by two FIFO memories to data respectively inside FPGA device, realizes data
Non-intermittent transimission and storage.Control counter according to echo delay after being counted, in pre-read timing node by DDR
The data of SDRAM are read into input block, and data then are sent to Back end data from input block in the formal reading stage
It is handled in processing module.High-order test scene data generation module is then the needs according to analogue echoes, to acquiring and prolonging
I, Q the two-way digital component to lag is handled, and generates frequency and amplitude regulation coefficient is synthesized with original waveform, generation packet
Include the digital waveform data of altitude delay, target face reflectance signature and transmission feature.The Wave data passes through format conversion
Afterwards, DAC generation modulated intermediate frequency signals are then sent through.
Fig. 3 is the functional block diagram of scene process part shown in Fig. 2.
In high-order test, the echo that radio altimeter echo simulation device generates also includes other than altitude delay
Propagation characteristic simulation and reflection characteristic simulate two parts.Wherein, propagation characteristic includes drawing due to the variation of aircraft relative velocity
The echo Doppler frequency displacement that enters and due to the multipath component introduced in signal communication process through multiple reflectings surface.Specifically believing
In number, then the variation of signal frequency is shown.For bursty radio altimeter, pulse width may also broaden or occur
Multiple pulses.Therefore, it is handled in FPGA by carrier frequency shift and amplitude dispersion two parts function logic.It is and right
In reflectance signature simulate, then be to be determined by the feature of different target reflecting surface, in FPGA using postpone and remap module,
The modules such as fast Fourier transform module, digital filtering realize the place of backscattering coefficient and background clutter modulation function
Reason.In addition, reflectance signature simulation is by carrying out basic unit decomposition, processing to entire target reflecting surface and synthesizing three steps again
It is rapid to complete.
Based on FPGA device parallel processing capability it is strong the advantages of, each component is carried out by corresponding function logic unit
Concurrent operation obtains analog waveform using DAC is sent to after superposition and format conversion.
Although the illustrative specific embodiment of the present invention is described above, in order to the technology of the art
Personnel understand the present invention, it should be apparent that the present invention is not limited to the range of specific embodiment, to the common skill of the art
For art personnel, if various change appended claim limit and determining the spirit and scope of the present invention in, these
Variation is it will be apparent that all utilize the innovation and creation of present inventive concept in the row of protection.
Claims (5)
1. the echo-signal production method of a kind of radio altimeter, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
(1), Signal Pretreatment
The altitude signal that radio altimeter equipment under test (DUT) transmitting terminal exports is input to power divider, passes through power
Distributor is divided into two paths of signals, to wherein signal is first divided and shaping, then carries out level translation all the way, obtains meeting FPGA
The instantaneous frequency measurement signal of input condition, FPGA carry out frequency measurement to the instantaneous frequency measurement signal of input, obtain carrier frequency value, and
Local oscillator (LO) frequency is set according to obtained carrier frequency value；Under the control of local frequency, using low-converter to other one
Road signal carries out down-converted, obtains intermediate frequency altitude signal；
(2), data acquisition and unloading
High-speed sampling is carried out to the intermediate frequency altitude signal after down coversion using ADC, converts analog signals into two railway digital of I, Q letter
Number, FPGA again dumps to I, two ways of digital signals in the large capacity dynamic memory DDR SDRAM outside piece；
(3), propagation delay is simulated
The space length transmission time of host computer analogue echo as needed sets the delay count value CNT of delay counter；When
After delay counter count down to the delay count value CNT of setting, read from large capacity dynamic memory DDR SDRAM original
I, Q two ways of digital signals；
(4), echo synthesizes
I, Q two ways of digital signals after delay is carried out waveform by the reflective region feature of FPGA analogue echos as needed
Transformation and overlap-add procedure, the digital waveform signal after being synthesized；
(5), signal exports
Digital waveform signal is subjected to digital-to-analogue conversion by DAC, obtains intermediate frequency analog echo signal, intermediate frequency analog echo signal exists
Local frequency control is lower to carry out upconversion process, the high echo-signal of survey of C-band is exported, and be sent in DUT, so as to fulfill returning
The simulation of wave.
2. the echo-signal production method of a kind of radio altimeter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Large capacity dynamic memory DDR SDRAM rattled during unloading using two first in, first out (FIFO) memories to data
Operation, i.e. I, Q two ways of digital signals is after first in, first out FIFO is kept in, then dumps to the large capacity dynamic memory outside piece
In DDR SDRAM.
3. the echo-signal production method of a kind of radio altimeter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The calculation formula of delay count value CNT is：
CNT=2D/CTs-Tp
Wherein, D represents the relative altitude on radio altimeter and ground；C is electromagnetic wave propagation speed；Ts is delay counter
Counted clock cycle；Tp is the data processing delay of analogue echoes signal.
4. the echo-signal production method of a kind of radio altimeter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Down-converted method is：Local frequency value is subtracted with the value of signal frequency all the way of power divider, after obtaining down-converted
Signal frequency value；The upconversion process method is：The intermediate frequency analog echo signal frequency values that will be obtained after digital-to-analogue conversion
In addition local frequency value, obtains the signal frequency value after upconversion process.
5. the echo-signal production method of a kind of radio altimeter according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
In step (4) during synthesis digital waveform signal, FPGA calls the life of high level data processing unit according to the needs of analogue echo scene
Into Doppler frequency shift component, amplitude-modulation component and modulation broadening component, so as to fulfill I, Q two ways of digital signals after delay
The transformation of waveform and overlap-add procedure.
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| CN201810050304.7A CN108226886B (en) | 2018-01-18 | 2018-01-18 | Echo signal generation method of radio altimeter |
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| CN201810050304.7A CN108226886B (en) | 2018-01-18 | 2018-01-18 | Echo signal generation method of radio altimeter |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112558495A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-26 | 中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学 | Anti-interference semi-physical simulation system and method for radar altimeter |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112558495A (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2021-03-26 | 中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学 | Anti-interference semi-physical simulation system and method for radar altimeter |
| CN112558495B (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-04-22 | 中国人民解放军火箭军工程大学 | Anti-interference semi-physical simulation system and method for radar altimeter |
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| CN108226886B (en) | 2021-05-14 |
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