CN108226210B - Thermal simulation method for preparing stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar - Google Patents
Thermal simulation method for preparing stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar Download PDFInfo
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- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N3/18—Performing tests at high or low temperatures
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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Abstract
The invention provides a thermal simulation method for preparing a stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar. The method comprises the following steps: the stainless steel pipe and the carbon steel bar are subjected to surface treatment and then are tightly nested and combined; welding a thermocouple on the outer surface of the stainless steel pipe; placing a bimetal sample between chucks in an operation box of the thermal simulation experiment machine; carrying out high-temperature compression deformation and heat treatment experiments; and analyzing the tissue performance of the sample after the experiment. The invention utilizes a thermal simulation experiment machine to complete the rolling process simulation process of the stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar by changing the thermal simulation experiment process scheme; and the oxidation problem of a bimetal combination interface in the experimental process is reduced by matching with a vacuum system, so that the good interface combination property and the structure and performance meeting requirements of the stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar are ensured. The invention has the advantages of simple preparation method, low cost, material saving, strong repeatability, easy achievement of experimental purpose and capability of finding related rules quickly and accurately.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal material process research and thermal simulation, and particularly relates to a thermal simulation method for preparing a stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar.
Background
The infrastructure and the construction of major projects do not require the massive use of reinforced concrete structures, and the performance and quality of the reinforcing steel bars as concrete frameworks are receiving increasing attention. Particularly, with the rapid pace of national urbanization construction and the great improvement of ocean strategy, the demand of the steel bar for the high-strength corrosion-resistant building is increasing, but the commonly applied traditional steel bar has poor corrosion resistance and is easy to rust and expand, so that the reinforced concrete structure is easy to fail early, the requirement of the building life cannot be met, and huge economic loss is caused to the society. The solid stainless steel bar developed for improving the corrosion problem of the steel bar has the advantages that the production cost is greatly increased and the application range is greatly limited due to the use of a large amount of noble metals such as chromium, nickel and the like, so that the development of the steel bar which not only saves resources and reduces cost, but also has good comprehensive performance is urgently needed. Therefore, the research idea and the process of the stainless steel/carbon steel composite steel bar are produced.
The stainless steel/carbon steel composite steel bar is a novel material, and is obtained by adopting stainless steel as a covering material and carbon steel as a core material through a certain forming process, and the material combines the excellent corrosion resistance of the stainless steel and the good mechanical property of the carbon steel, and can greatly meet the requirements of people on the safety and the service life of infrastructure facilities. In addition, the stainless steel/carbon steel composite steel bar reduces the consumption of noble metals such as chromium, nickel and the like to a certain extent, greatly reduces the production cost, realizes the perfect combination of low cost and high performance, and has good social benefit and economic benefit as a resource-saving product.
One key factor for the high performance of the stainless steel/carbon steel composite steel bar is the interface bonding condition, which is also an important factor for restricting the industrial production of the stainless steel composite steel bar. Therefore, the method is important for the research of the composite interface. At present, the research on the stainless steel composite reinforcing steel bars is mainly limited to laboratory research. The related subject group of Yanshan university adopts a stainless steel pipe to be sleeved with a carbon steel bar, the carbon steel bar is subjected to drawing treatment, two ends of the stainless steel pipe are welded and sealed and then rolled to obtain a stainless steel composite reinforcing steel bar, carbon steel scraps are pressed in the stainless steel pipe, the stainless steel composite reinforcing steel bar is heated and rolled to form the stainless steel composite reinforcing steel bar, finally, the structure performance analysis is carried out, the defects that the coating distribution is uneven and the bonding strength is easy to fluctuate are generally found, and the hot rolling experiment is repeatedly carried out by continuously adjusting process parameters, so that the structure performance is. The method not only has complex preparation process, but also wastes experimental materials and is not easy to achieve the aim of experiment; researchers of the national engineering research center of high-efficiency rolling of Beijing university of science and technology weld stainless steel bands into pipes, are sleeved with carbon steel rods, roll the two ends of the carbon steel rods after welding to obtain stainless steel composite reinforcing steel bars, and analyze the organization performance, wherein the defect that the interface performance is easy to fluctuate also exists; the performance defects of uneven coating thickness distribution and low bonding interface strength and the objective defects of complex preparation process are commonly existed in other stainless steel composite steel bar reports. Therefore, the research of the composite steel bar has certain problems, the rolling process of the composite steel bar is still in a theoretical stage, and a simple, convenient and low-cost experimental research means is lacked, so that the novel material still has no mature industrial production process.
Disclosure of Invention
According to the technical problems of complex preparation process, long period, high cost and the like of the stainless steel composite steel bar, the thermal simulation method for preparing the stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar is provided. The invention mainly utilizes the rolling technology of northeast university and MMS series thermal simulation experiment machine (patent name: multifunctional thermal simulation experiment machine, patent number: ZL 201110100302.2) independently researched by key laboratory of continuous rolling automation country, carries out high-temperature deformation and thermal treatment on bimetal composite blanks with different specifications and sizes by means of a special chuck specially processing ribbed grooves of threaded steel bars, simulates the deformation process of stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bars, and carries out thermal processing process optimization and sample size adjustment according to experimental purposes by analyzing experimental data and sample structure performance after experiments, thereby determining the most appropriate process scheme.
The technical means adopted by the invention are as follows:
a thermal simulation method for preparing stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bars is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: preparing a stainless steel pipe and a carbon steel rod with preset sizes; the raw materials are all made of common stainless steel materials or carbon steel materials and can be obtained without special processing treatment;
s2, raw material treatment and assembly: cleaning the inner wall of the selected stainless steel pipe and the outer surface of the carbon steel rod to ensure that clean metal is exposed on a joint surface, and after drying, tightly nesting the carbon steel rod in the stainless steel pipe to form a bimetal composite blank;
s3, setting a thermocouple: welding a thermocouple at the center of the outer surface of the stainless steel pipe; preferably, a pair of thermocouples are welded for experimental use;
s4, clamping a sample: clamping the bimetal composite blank welded with the thermocouple on clamping heads of clamping devices on the left side and the right side in an operation box of the thermal simulation experiment machine, and detecting;
s5, carrying out single-pass compression experiment: after the sample loading is finished, vacuumizing the operation box of the thermal simulation experiment machine, and filling protective gas such as nitrogen and argon; keeping the bimetal composite blank in a certain vacuum state, and then carrying out high-temperature compression deformation and heat treatment experiments;
s6, analyzing organization performance: and performing linear cutting sampling on the tested composite steel bar sample along the circumferential direction and the axial direction, preprocessing the sample, and performing metallographic phase, hardness and scanning detection to finally obtain experimental data of required tissues and properties for analysis. In order to realize the purpose of good metallurgical bonding of a composite interface and ensure the better comprehensive mechanical property of the composite steel bar, the specification of a sample and a hot working process route need to be continuously optimized, and finally the stainless steel composite ribbed steel bar is successfully prepared.
Further, the surface treatment manner of the raw material in the step S2 is ultrasonic cleaning, mechanical grinding and acid washing to remove rust and oil stains on the surface, and high pressure cleaning and drying.
Further, in step S4, the collet is provided with a rib groove simulating the deformation of the deformed steel bar, and the depth of the rib groove is changed according to the deformation requirement of the bimetal composite blank.
Further, each process parameter in the high-temperature compression deformation and heat treatment experiment in the step S5 may be adjusted according to a specific experiment purpose, and related data may be obtained through a data acquisition system for analysis.
The invention also discloses the stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar prepared by the thermal simulation method.
Compared with the prior art, in order to determine a proper hot working process system and process parameters, the MMS series thermal simulation experiment machine has a comprehensive thermal simulation function, can simulate parameters such as temperature, displacement, force, speed, stress strain and the like, can realize various functions such as a tensile experiment, a single/multi-pass compression experiment, a plane strain compression experiment and the like, analyzes a temperature-time curve, a displacement-time curve, a stress-strain curve and the like obtained by an experiment machine data acquisition system, and simultaneously performs organization and performance detection analysis on an experiment sample; related experiments are completed on one device in a centralized manner, so that the device is flexible and convenient; the method is widely used for researching the thermal coupling deformation behavior of the metal material. The mode of carrying out the thermomechanical treatment on the stainless steel/carbon steel composite blank just accords with the single-pass compression experiment process of a thermal simulation experiment machine, namely, the deformation and the thermal treatment of the bimetallic blank can be realized by adopting a single-pass compression process route by virtue of a special chuck for processing a ribbed groove of a threaded steel bar, and finally the stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar is prepared by optimizing the thermal processing process parameters.
Compared with a hot rolling experiment, the hot simulation method for rolling the stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar can well solve the problems of multiple preparation links, long period, unstable control, poor experiment repeatability and the like in the hot rolling experiment, can provide a convenient research means for the hot rolling process of the stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar, and has feasibility.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the MMS series thermal simulation testing machine is utilized, and a vacuum system of the testing machine is used for reducing the oxidation problem of a bimetal combination interface in the experimental process to the maximum extent, so that the structure and the performance of the prepared stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar meet the requirements.
2. By designing the special chuck, the thermal simulation experiment of the stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar (comprising transverse ribs and longitudinal ribs) can be successfully completed.
3. The special chuck is provided with a rib groove for simulating the deformation of the twisted steel, the form and the style of the rib groove can be flexibly designed according to the experimental purpose, and the depth of the rib groove can be changed according to the deformation requirement of bimetal composite.
4. Through analysis of the data of the acquisition system and detection of the organization and the performance of the experimental sample, a large amount of comparative research data can be provided for hot-rolled stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bars, and a theoretical basis and a convenient research means are provided for industrial application of a stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar rolling process.
5. Compared with actual production and other simulation experiments, the thermal simulation test sample has small size and relatively uniform deformation, and the accuracy of a research result can be ensured by accurately simulating and controlling parameters such as temperature, deformation and the like.
6. The method has the advantages of simple material preparation, convenient operation process, low cost, material saving, short experiment period, strong repeatability and capability of quickly calibrating and finding related rules in the whole experiment flow.
Based on the above reasons, the invention can be popularized outside the hot rolling experimental research of the stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar laboratory, and provides theoretical guidance for the industrial production of the stainless steel/carbon steel composite steel bar.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Figure 1 is a view of a machined chuck of the present invention (simulating a ribbed rebar longitudinal).
Figure 2 is a machined clip of the present invention (simulating a ribbed bar cross).
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the assembly of the billet (stainless steel tube and carbon steel rod) of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a sample of the invention blank (stainless steel tube and carbon steel rod) with a thermocouple welded thereto.
Fig. 5 is a photograph of the ribbed steel bar after the thermal simulation experiment-single compression experiment of the present invention is completed.
FIG. 6 is the metallographic photograph of the ribbed steel bar in the axial and circumferential directions of the finished product of the thermal simulation experiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a longitudinal rib groove; 2. a cross rib groove; 3. a stainless steel pipe; 4. a carbon steel rod; 5. thermocouple wires; 6. a sample welded with thermocouple wires; 7. ribbed steel bar samples.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a thermal simulation method for manufacturing a stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar includes the steps of:
s1, preparing raw materials: preparing a stainless steel pipe 3 and a carbon steel rod 4 with preset sizes;
s2, raw material treatment and assembly: the inner wall of the stainless steel pipe 3 and the carbon steel rod 4 are selected to be smaller in size, the stainless steel pipe 3 and the carbon steel rod 4 are immersed in alcohol and then subjected to ultrasonic cleaning for a period of time, after blow-drying, the inner wall of the stainless steel pipe 3 and the outer surface of the carbon steel rod 4 are polished by abrasive paper, then the inner wall and the outer surface of the carbon steel rod 4 are cleaned by acetone, the condition that clean metal is exposed on a joint surface is guaranteed, and after drying, the carbon steel rod 4 is tightly nested in the stainless.
S3, setting a thermocouple: and (3) firmly welding a pair of thermocouple wires 5 on the surface of the sample by using a thermocouple welding machine at the center of the outer surface of the stainless steel pipe 3 nested with the carbon steel rod 4 in an impact welding mode. During welding, the root of the thermocouple wire 5 is required to be vertical to the surface of the sample, and the distance between the thermocouple wires 5 is required to be proper.
S4, clamping a sample: clamping the sample 6 welded with the thermocouple wires on the clamping heads of the left and right clamps in the operation box of the thermal simulation experiment machine, and detecting; the clamping head is provided with rib grooves (namely a longitudinal rib groove 1 or/and a transverse rib groove 2) simulating the deformation of the twisted steel, and the depth of the rib grooves is changed according to the deformation requirement of the bimetal composite blank. Subsequently, a pair of thermocouple wires 5 on the sample 6 on which the thermocouple wires are welded are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the terminal in the operation box, respectively.
S5, carrying out single-pass compression experiment: and after the sample loading is finished, vacuumizing and filling protective gas into the operation box of the thermal simulation experiment machine to keep the sample in a certain vacuum state, and then performing a single-pass compression experiment according to a thermal processing process route. After the sample 6 is kept warm above the austenitizing temperature, the hammer head of the main hydraulic cylinder of the thermal simulation experiment machine compresses and deforms the sample according to the given deformation and the strain rate in the position control mode, and the actual deformation can be obtained by measuring the distance between the two chucks and comparing the actual distance. After the compression is finished, the ribbed steel bar sample 7 can ensure that the cooling process and the temperature change are consistent with the set curve of the cooling process by adjusting the current and changing the cooling medium (water, gas, heat conduction and the like) according to the given cooling process.
S6, analyzing organization performance: the ribbed steel bar sample 7 after single-pass compression is subjected to linear cutting sampling along the circumferential direction and the axial direction, is subjected to coarse grinding and flattening by using abrasive paper, is subjected to polishing treatment after fine grinding and polishing, is subjected to corrosion treatment after the surface is free of scratches and is clean and bright, and finally is subjected to analysis of organization performance according to the experimental purpose.
Examples
In this example, a seamless 304 austenitic stainless steel pipe 3 is used as a clad material, a 20MnSi carbon steel rod 4 is used as a core material, and the dimensions are respectively
(outer diameter × wall thickness × length, mm) and
(external diameter × length, mm), the two are tightly combined, and the blank is used for carrying out a single-pass compression experiment on an MMS-300 thermal simulation experiment machine, wherein the deformation is 75%.
Immersing the seamless 304 austenitic stainless steel tube 3 and the 20MnSi carbon steel rod 4 in alcohol, then carrying out ultrasonic cleaning for 30 minutes, after blow-drying, polishing the inner wall of the stainless steel tube 3 and the outer surface of the carbon steel rod 4 by using abrasive paper, then wiping by using acetone for cleaning treatment to ensure that clean metal is exposed on a joint surface, and after drying treatment, tightly embedding the carbon steel rod 4 in the stainless steel tube 3;
then, a thermocouple welding machine is utilized at a certain position of the middle part of a sample of the stainless steel pipe 3 sleeved with the carbon steel bar 4, and a pair of thermocouple wires 5 are firmly welded on the surface of the sample in an impact welding mode;
then a pair of chucks which are processed with the ribbed grooves of the twisted steel (a longitudinal rib groove 1 or/and a transverse rib groove 2, the depth of the ribbed groove is 0.8mm) are respectively fixed on the left and right clamps in the operation box of the thermal simulation experiment machine; fixing the sample 6 welded with thermocouple wires between a pair of chucks on a chuck in an operation box of the thermal simulation experiment machine, and then respectively connecting a pair of thermocouple wires 5 on the sample to the anode and the cathode of a terminal in the operation box;
after the sample loading is finished, vacuumizing and filling protective gas into an operation box of the thermal simulation experiment machine to keep the sample in a certain vacuum state, and then performing a single-pass compression experiment according to a thermal processing process route: heating the sample from room temperature to 1200 ℃ at the speed of 10 ℃/s, then preserving heat for 5min, cooling to 1050 ℃ at the cooling speed of 10 ℃/s, preserving heat for 30s, then performing a single-pass compression experiment with the deformation of 75%, and then performing air cooling treatment to finally obtain a stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar sample 7;
carrying out linear cutting sampling on the ribbed steel bar sample 7 after the experiment along the circumferential direction and the axial direction, grinding the sample by using coarse sand paper, polishing the sample by using fine sand paper after grinding, corroding the core carbon steel by using 4% nitric acid alcohol solution after the surface is clean and bright, and finally carrying out metallographic analysis, electronic probe analysis and hardness measurement.
As shown in figures 5 and 6, the analysis of experimental phenomena and conclusions shows that the bonding interface of the stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar prepared by the thermal simulation method realizes good metallurgical bonding, the structure and the performance meet certain requirements, and theoretical guidance is provided for hot rolling experiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A thermal simulation method for preparing stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bars is characterized in that an MMS series thermal simulation experiment machine is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: preparing a stainless steel pipe and a carbon steel rod with preset sizes;
s2, raw material treatment and assembly: cleaning the inner wall of the selected stainless steel pipe and the outer surface of the carbon steel rod, drying, and tightly embedding the carbon steel rod in the stainless steel pipe to form a bimetal composite blank;
s3, setting a thermocouple: welding a thermocouple at the center of the outer surface of the stainless steel pipe;
s4, clamping a sample: clamping the bimetal composite blank welded with the thermocouple on clamping heads of clamping devices on the left side and the right side in an operation box of the thermal simulation experiment machine, and detecting; the clamping head is provided with a rib groove simulating the deformation of the twisted steel, and the depth of the rib groove is changed according to the deformation requirement of the bimetal composite blank;
s5, carrying out single-pass compression experiment: after the sample loading is finished, vacuumizing and filling protective gas into an operation box of the thermal simulation experiment machine to keep the bimetal composite blank in a certain vacuum state, and then performing high-temperature compression deformation and heat treatment experiments;
s6, analyzing organization performance: and performing linear cutting sampling on the tested composite steel bar sample along the circumferential direction and the axial direction, preprocessing the sample, and performing metallographic phase, hardness and scanning detection to finally obtain experimental data of required tissues and properties for analysis.
2. The thermal simulation method for preparing the stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar according to claim 1, wherein the raw material is subjected to surface treatment in step S2 by ultrasonic cleaning, mechanical grinding and pickling to remove rust and oil stains on the surface, and high-pressure cleaning and drying.
3. The thermal simulation method for preparing the stainless steel/carbon steel composite ribbed steel bar according to claim 1, wherein each process parameter in the high-temperature compression deformation and heat treatment experiment in the step S5 can be adjusted according to a specific experiment purpose, and related data can be obtained through a data acquisition system for analysis.
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| CN110449483A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-11-15 | 法尔胜泓昇集团有限公司 | A kind of composite filament preparation method of stainless steel cladding steel wire |
| CN111982956B (en) * | 2020-08-27 | 2023-09-05 | 广东韶钢松山股份有限公司 | Method for determining ultra-low carbon steel mixed crystal structure elimination based on thermal simulation testing machine |
| CN112857936B (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2022-05-17 | 燕山大学 | Hot-pressing preparation and performance testing method for heterogeneous metal composite block test |
| CN114113201A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-03-01 | 洛阳中重铸锻有限责任公司 | Physical simulation method for heat treatment performance of large-scale casting and forging |
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