CN108224076B - 车辆 - Google Patents

车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108224076B
CN108224076B CN201711191978.0A CN201711191978A CN108224076B CN 108224076 B CN108224076 B CN 108224076B CN 201711191978 A CN201711191978 A CN 201711191978A CN 108224076 B CN108224076 B CN 108224076B
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tank
vehicle
gas
tanks
release
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CN108224076A (zh
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大川内荣治
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • B60K15/067—Mounting of tanks
    • B60K15/07—Mounting of tanks of gas tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/02—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge involving reinforcing arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/002—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels for vessels under pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0416—Arrangement in the rear part of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B60K2015/03013—Control systems for LPG tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03006—Gas tanks
    • B60K2015/03026—Gas tanks comprising a valve
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03118—Multiple tanks, i.e. two or more separate tanks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/0319—Fuel tanks with electronic systems, e.g. for controlling fuelling or venting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03328—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling
    • B60K2015/03375—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling to improve security
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K2015/03328—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling
    • B60K2015/03381—Arrangements or special measures related to fuel tanks or fuel handling for preventing explosions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/035—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means
    • B60K2015/0358—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means the venting is actuated by specific signals or positions of particular parts
    • B60K2015/03585—Fuel tanks characterised by venting means the venting is actuated by specific signals or positions of particular parts by gas pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • B60K2015/0634—Arrangement of tanks the fuel tank is arranged below the vehicle floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
    • B60K15/03—Fuel tanks
    • B60K15/063—Arrangement of tanks
    • B60K2015/0638—Arrangement of tanks the fuel tank is arranged in the rear of the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
    • B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0619—Single wall with two layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0311—Closure means
    • F17C2205/0317—Closure means fusing or melting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F17C2205/0394—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters in direct contact with the pressure vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
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    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种车辆，包括多个罐，该罐将气体储存在罐中并且被布置在车辆的纵向方向上，并且罐中的每一个罐均包括：压力释放装置，该压力释放装置被构造成当罐的温度变成预定温度或更高时打开；和释放部，释放部通过压力释放装置的打开在预定方向上释放罐中的气体，其中，从位于多个罐中的向前位置处的前罐的释放部释放的气体的释放方向被限定为直接面对在与前罐相比更向后设置的后罐的压力释放装置与地面之间的空间的方向。

Description

车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆。
背景技术
在日本未审查专利申请公开No.2009-162255(JP2009-162255A1)中，公开了一种包括将气体储存在其中的多个罐的车辆。这些罐具有压力释放装置，每个压力释放装置均被构造成当罐的温度变成预定温度或更高时打开。每个压力释放装置均具有气体释放方向，该气体释放方向被调节以便在车辆的倾斜向后和向下方向上释放罐中的气体。
发明内容
在车辆向前位置处存在热源的情况下，即使前罐的压力释放装置工作，但后罐位于距离热源较远的位置，因此可能会造成后罐的压力释放装置的工作延迟。因此，期望提供能够快速操作后罐的压力释放装置的技术。
本发明能够实现如下方面。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种车辆。该车辆包括：多个罐，该罐将气体储存在罐中并且被布置在车辆的纵向方上，罐包括多个罐中位于向前位置处的前罐和与前罐相比位于更向后位置处的后罐；其中，罐中的每一个罐均包括：压力释放装置，该压力释放装置被构造成当罐的温度变成预定温度或更高时打开；以及释放部，该释放部通过压力释放装置的打开在预定方向上释放罐中的气体；并且从前罐的释放部释放的气体的释放方向被限定为直接面对在后罐的压力释放装置与地面之间的空间的方向。根据该方面的车辆，从前罐的释放部释放的气体的释放方向位于后罐的压力释放装置与地面之间；因此，如果热源位于车辆向前位置处，则能够通过从前罐的释放部释放的气体来加热后罐的压力释放装置。因此，能够快速地操作后罐的压力释放装置。
在以上方面的车辆中，前罐可以布置成使得该前罐的较长长度方向沿着车辆的纵向方向延伸；前罐的释放部被设置在前罐的后端处；并且后罐被布置成使得后罐的较长长度方向沿着车辆的横向方向延伸。根据该方面的车辆，由于前罐的较长长度方向沿着车辆的纵向方向延伸，并且释放部被设置在前罐的后端处，所以在热源位于车辆向前位置处的情况下，能够快速地操作后罐的压力释放装置。
在以上方面的车辆中，可以设置多个后罐；并且从前罐的释放部释放的气体的释放方向可以限定为直接面对全部后罐的压力释放装置与地面之间的空间的方向。根据该方面的车辆，在热源位于车辆向前位置处的情况下，能够通过从前罐的释放部释放的气体来有效地向全部后罐的压力释放装置供给热量。因此，能够快速地操作后罐的压力释放装置。
在以上方面的车辆中，空间可以是从前罐向后并向下倾斜定位的空间，并且空间可以是除包括在车辆中的后轮和后罐被设置在其中的空间以外的空间。
在以上方面的车辆中，后罐的气体的释放方向可以限定为面对车辆的向后和向下方向。
在以上方面的车辆中，后罐可以包括第一后罐和第二后罐，第二后罐可以设置在车辆的与第一后罐相比的更向后位置处，并且第一后罐可以在竖直方向上与第二后罐相比更向下地设置。
在以上方面的车辆中，从前罐的释放部释放的气体的释放方向可以限定在从前罐的竖直向下方向到相对于第一后罐的外径的切线的范围内。
在以上方面的车辆中，后罐可以包括第一后罐和第二后罐，第二后罐可以设置在车辆的与第一后罐相比的更向后位置处，并且第二后罐可以在竖直方向上与第一后罐相比更向下地设置。
在以上方面的车辆中，从前罐的释放部释放的气体的释放方向可以限定在从前罐的竖直向下方向到相对于第二后罐的外径的切线的范围内。
在以上方面的车辆中，车辆可以是燃料电池车辆，并且作为燃料气体的氢气可以储存在罐中。
本发明能够通过各种实施例来实现，并且例如能够被实现为车辆的制造方法的实施例。
附图说明
下面将参照附图描述本发明的示例性实施例的特征、优点以及技术和工业意义，其中相同的附图标记表示相同的元件，并且其中：
图1是示出车辆的概略构造的说明图；
图2是压力释放装置的横截面视图；
图3是释放在罐中的气体时车辆的侧视图；
图4是示出第二实施例的车辆的概略构造的说明图；
图5是释放在罐中的气体时车辆的侧视图；和
图6是在第一变体中释放在罐中的气体时车辆的侧视图。
具体实施方式
A.第一实施例：图1是示出本发明的一个实施例中的车辆100的概略构造的说明图。车辆100包括前轮FW、后轮RW和多个罐10a、10b、10c。要安装的罐的数目可以设定为任何数目。在本实施例中，车辆100是燃料电池车辆。车辆100包括作为电力源的燃料电池堆叠体FC；并且作为动力源的马达(未示出)被驱动以便驱动前轮(FW)或后轮(RW)中的至少一个。燃料电池堆叠体FC是聚合物电解质型燃料电池，并且通过从相应的罐10a、10b、10c接收空气供给和氢气供给来发电。
在车辆100的纵向(x轴方向)上布置的多个罐10a、10b、10c中，设置在向前位置(-x轴方向)处的罐10a被称为“前罐”，与前罐相比被设置在更向后位置(+x轴方向))处的罐10b和罐10c被称为“后罐”。在本实施例中，车辆100包括多个后罐。前罐被布置成使得其较长长度方向沿着车辆100的纵向方向(x轴方向)延伸，并且每个后罐被布置成使得其较长长度方向沿着车辆的横向方向(y轴方向)延伸。罐10c被设置在车辆100的与罐10b相比的更向后位置处。
在本实施例中，罐10a、罐10b和罐10c在下文中统称为“罐10”。每个罐10均是在其中储存氢气的圆筒形容器。罐10具有圆筒部和设置于圆筒部的两端的两个圆顶部，并且罐的外周形成有由浸渍有树脂的碳纤维制成的增强层。每个罐10均包括罐阀20、压力释放装置30和释放部31。
罐阀20是实施向罐10供给并从罐10排出氢气的阀。罐阀20被设置在罐10的一端处，更具体地，设置于罐10的一个圆顶部的顶点。罐阀20包括用于向燃料电池堆叠体FC供给氢气的供给流路22以及用于对罐10充填氢气的充填流路23。
充填流路23设有止回阀24，止回阀24被构造成防止罐10中的氢气泄漏到外侧。充填流路23在罐10和止回阀24之间设有压力释放装置30。
压力释放装置30是阀机构，其被构造成如果罐的温度变成预定温度或更高则打开。在本实施例中，作为压力释放装置30，设置了熔栓式压力释放装置。压力释放装置30被构造成当罐10的温度由于火焰等变成预定温度或更高时将罐10中的氢气释放到外侧，从而防止罐10具有过高的内部压力。
在本实施例中，作为前罐的罐10a在罐的后端(+x轴方向)处设有释放部31，释放部31在预定方向上释放罐10中的气体。在本实施例中，作为后罐的罐10b和罐10c中的每一个罐在罐的车辆向左位置(-y轴方向)处均包括压力释放装置30。后罐的压力释放装置30可以设置在罐的车辆向右位置(+y轴方向)处，并且罐10b和罐10c的相应的压力释放装置30可以设置在彼此不同的方向上。
释放部31是调节气体的释放方向的机构。作为调节气体的释放方向的机构，例如可以使用设置于罐阀20的孔、管、空气引导板。图1中的阴影部分和箭头表示从相应的罐10的释放部31释放的气体的释放方向。稍后将详细描述气体的释放方向。
图2是压力释放装置30的横截面视图。如图2所示，本实施例的压力释放装置30包括热敏突起32、阀体轴37和O形环38，其中热敏突起32被装配在罐阀20的一端处设置的装配孔21中。热敏突起32从罐阀20突出。
热敏突起32在其内侧容纳熔栓式构件33，并且设有与熔栓式构件33相邻的释放孔34。熔栓式构件33由当压力释放装置30暴露于与正常供气条件下的假定温度相比更高的预定温度时被熔化的合金形成。在本实施例中，例如使用由铋(Bi)和铟(In)形成的二元合金作为熔栓式构件33。将铋(Bi)和铟(In)的组成设定成使得熔融温度即上述预定温度为约110℃。
罐阀20设有气体释放通道35。气体释放通道35从罐阀20中的充填流路23延伸到装配孔21的底部，并且呈孔形状的释放部31从充填流路23的中部分支。释放部31与罐阀20的外侧连通。阀体轴37被插入到气体释放通道35和设置于热敏突起32的轴引导孔36中，并且当接收到已经从充填流路23流入气体释放通道35中的罐10中的气体的压力时，阀体轴37推动熔栓式构件33抵靠释放孔34的入口。
围绕阀体轴37的外周形成沟槽，O形环38被设置在该沟槽中。O形环38密封气体释放通道35。当熔栓式构件33没有被熔化时，具有这种构造的压力释放装置30将从罐阀20的充填流路23延伸到罐的外侧的气体释放通道35与释放部31维持在密封状态下。
当熔栓式构件33被熔化时，熔栓式构件33流入释放孔34中。因此，通过罐中气体的压力推动阀体轴37移动，直到熔栓式构件33流入释放孔34中为止。通过这样，压力释放装置30允许至此一直通过O形环38密封的释放部31与气体释放通道35连通，经由释放部31将与充填流路23连接的气体释放通道35转变为打开状态，并且将罐10中的气体通过气体释放通道35和释放部31释放到大气中。在本申请中，压力释放装置30的“打开”表示的是：释放部31和气体释放通道35通过由于熔栓式构件33的熔化导致的阀体轴37的移动而彼此进行连通。在图2中，释放部31被图示成向下指向；但是实际上，释放部31指向为朝向如参考图3所述的方向释放气体。
图3是释放罐10的气体时车辆100的侧视图。在本实施例中，罐10b与罐10c相比在竖直方向(z轴方向)上更向下设置。如图1和图3中由相应的阴影部分所示的，在本实施例中，通过压力释放装置30的打开而从作为前罐的罐10a的释放部31释放的气体的释放方向被定义成直接面对在作为后罐的罐10c的压力释放装置30与地面之间的空间的方向。该空间是从罐10a向后和向下倾斜定位的空间，并且是除了包括在车辆100中的后轮RW与作为后罐的罐10b和罐10c被设置在其中的空间之外的空间。更具体地，在本实施例中，从罐10a的释放部31释放的气体的释放方向被限定在从罐10a的竖直向下方向到相对于罐10b的外径的切线的范围内。如图3中的箭头所示，罐10b和罐10c中的每一个罐的气体的释放方向均被限定在车辆100的向后和向下方向上。
根据本实施例的上述车辆100，由于来自作为前罐的罐10a的释放部31的气体的释放方向位于作为后罐的罐10c的压力释放装置与地面之间，所以在热源位于车辆100的向前位置处的情况下，作为后罐的罐10c的压力释放装置30能够通过从作为前罐的罐10a的释放部31释放的气体加热。因此，在作为前罐的罐10a的压力释放装置30的工作期间，能够有效地向作为距离热源最远定位的后罐的罐10c的压力释放装置30供给热量；因此，作为后罐的罐10c的压力释放装置30的操作变得更容易。因此，能够快速地操作后罐的压力释放装置。
此外，作为前罐的罐10a的较长长度方向沿着车辆100的纵向方向延伸，并且释放部31被设置在罐10a的后端处；因此，当车辆100的前部被加热时，能够快速地操作作为后罐的罐10c的压力释放装置30。
B.第二实施例：图4是示出在第二实施例中的车辆100A的概略构造的说明图。在本实施例中，作为前罐的罐10a的释放部31设有呈在车辆100A的向左方向(-y轴方向)上延伸的管状的气体释放管13。如图4所示，在从车辆100A的上方观察时，气体释放管13的气体释放口13a指向通过连接罐10b的压力释放装置30和罐10c的压力释放装置30限定的范围内。
图5是释放罐10的气体时车辆100的侧视图。在本实施例中，罐10b与罐10c相比在竖直方向(z轴方向)上更向下设置。如图4和图5中由相应的阴影部分所示的，在本实施例中，通过压力释放装置30的打开从作为前罐的罐10a的释放部31释放的气体的释放方向被定义为直接面对在全部后罐(罐10b和罐10c)的压力释放装置30与地面之间的空间的方向。
根据本实施例的上述车辆100A，由于来自作为前罐的罐10a的气体释放口13a的气体的释放方向位于全部后罐的压力释放装置30(罐10b和罐10c)与地面之间，所以在热源位于车辆100A的向前位置处的情况下，全部后罐的压力释放装置30能够通过从作为前罐的罐10a的气体释放口13a释放的气体加热。因此，在作为前罐的罐10a的压力释放装置30的工作期间，能够有效地向距离热源较远地定位的全部后罐的压力释放装置30供给热量；因此，全部后罐的压力释放装置30的操作变得更容易。因此，能够快速地操作后罐的压力释放装置。
限定释放方向的气体释放管13仅被设置于作为前罐的罐10a，并且因此能够降低车辆100A的制造成本。
C.变体：<第一变体>图6是在第一变体中释放罐10的气体时车辆100B的侧视图。在以上实施例中，罐10b与罐10c相比在竖直方向(z轴方向)上更向下设置。相反，罐10c与罐10b相比可以在竖直方向(z轴方向)上更向下设置。在本变体中，如图6中由阴影部分所示的，从罐10a的释放部31释放的气体的释放方向被限定到从罐10a的竖直向下方向到相对于罐10c的外径的切线的范围内。罐10b和罐10c可以在竖直方向(z轴方向)上布置在相同高度处。
<第二变体>在以上实施例中，车辆100包括作为两个后罐的罐10b和罐10c。相反，车辆100可以仅包括一个后罐。在以上实施例中，作为前罐的罐10a被布置成使得其较长长度方向沿着车辆100的纵向方向延伸。相反，与罐10b和罐10c一样，罐10a可以沿着车辆100的横向方向布置。此外，罐10a可以沿着车辆100的横向方向布置，并且罐10b和罐10c可以沿着车辆100的纵向方向布置。罐10b和罐10c可以在彼此不同的方向上布置。
<第三变体>在以上实施例中，图2所示的压力释放装置30的结构是一个示例，可以采用任何结构作为压力释放装置30的结构，只要当关注的罐的温度变成预定温度或更高时，该结构允许阀打开。
<第四变体>在以上实施例中，车辆100和车辆100A中的每种车辆均是燃料电池车辆，并且作为燃料气体的氢气被储存在罐10中，但是本发明不限于此。例如，车辆100和车辆100A中的每种车辆均可以是使用液化石油气作为燃料的LPG车辆。在这种情况下，作为燃料气体的LP气体被储存在罐10中。
本发明不限于上述实施例和变体，而是在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可以通过各种其他构造来实现。例如，为了解决上述问题或为了实现上述某些或全部有益效果，可以适当地替换或组合与本发明的发明内容中描述的相应方面的技术特征对应的实施例和变体的技术特征。此外，任何技术特征都可以被适当地省略，除非该技术特征在本文中被描述为是必不可少的。

Claims (9)

1.一种车辆，包括：
多个罐，所述罐将气体储存在所述罐中，并且在所述车辆的纵向方向上布置所述多个罐，所述多个罐包括位于所述多个罐中的向前位置处的一个前罐和位于与所述前罐相比更向后位置处的多个后罐，其中
所述多个罐中的每一个罐均包括：压力释放装置，所述压力释放装置被构造成当所述罐的温度变成预定温度或更高时打开；和释放部，所述释放部通过所述压力释放装置的打开在预定方向上释放所述罐中的气体，
其特征在于
从所述前罐的释放部释放的气体的释放方向被限定为直接面对全部后罐的压力释放装置与地面之间的空间的方向，并且
从所述前罐的释放部释放的气体的释放方向被限定在从所述前罐的竖直向下方向到相对于所述多个后罐中的最下侧后罐的外径的切线的范围内，其中，连接所述前罐的释放部和所述最下侧后罐的一部分外表面的所述切线向下倾斜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，
所述前罐被布置成使得所述前罐的较长长度方向沿着所述车辆的纵向方向延伸，
所述前罐的释放部被设置在所述前罐的后端处，并且
所述后罐被布置成使得所述后罐的较长长度方向沿着所述车辆的横向方向延伸。
3.根据权利要求1至2中的任一项所述的车辆，其特征在于，
所述空间是从所述前罐向后并且向下倾斜定位的空间，并且所述空间是除包括在所述车辆中的后轮和所述后罐被设置在其中的空间以外的空间。
4.根据权利要求1至2中的任一项所述的车辆，其特征在于，
所述后罐的气体的释放方向被限定为面对所述车辆的向后和向下方向。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，
所述后罐包括第一后罐和第二后罐，
所述第二后罐被设置在所述车辆的与所述第一后罐相比的更向后位置处，并且
所述第一后罐在竖直方向上与所述第二后罐相比更向下地设置。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车辆，其特征在于，
从所述前罐的释放部释放的气体的释放方向被限定在从所述前罐的竖直向下方向到相对于所述第一后罐的外径的切线的范围内。
7.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，
所述后罐包括第一后罐和第二后罐，
所述第二后罐被设置在所述车辆的与所述第一后罐相比的更向后位置处，并且
所述第二后罐在竖直方向上与所述第一后罐相比更向下地设置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的车辆，其特征在于，
从所述前罐的释放部释放的气体的释放方向被限定在从所述前罐的竖直向下方向到相对于所述第二后罐的外径的切线的范围内。
9.根据权利要求1至2中的任一项所述的车辆，其特征在于，
所述车辆是燃料电池车辆，并且作为燃料气体的氢气被储存在所述罐中。
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