CN108221134A - 一种抗压缩三维中空复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种抗压缩三维中空复合材料的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108221134A
CN108221134A CN201810033480.XA CN201810033480A CN108221134A CN 108221134 A CN108221134 A CN 108221134A CN 201810033480 A CN201810033480 A CN 201810033480A CN 108221134 A CN108221134 A CN 108221134A
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composite material
incompressible
yarn
fabric
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许福军
王立永
张昆
黄梦雯
周梦婕
薛友松
曹艳红
邱夷平
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Donghua University
National Dong Hwa University
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种抗压缩三维中空复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：采用三维织造工艺织造中空结构的三维间隔织物，然后将树脂采用手糊工艺涂覆在织物表面，并渗透到织物内部，固化，间隔纱之间借助于间隔纱所吸附的树脂形成粘合点，得到抗压缩三维中空复合材料。本发明的抗压缩三维中空结构复合材料具有质量轻、抗压缩性能和抗分层等综合特性。

Description

一种抗压缩三维中空复合材料的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及新材料领域，特别是一种抗压缩三维中空结构复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
随着社会的发展，人们对复合材料提出的更高的要求，比如轻质、高强、抗分层和耐压缩等综合特性。纺织结构复合材料由高性能纤维及织物作为增强体，与树脂基体复合后，可以获得高强高膜抗腐蚀等综合性能。
纺织结构复合材料，可分为缠绕结构复合材料、层压结构复合材料和三维整体结构复合材料等。缠绕结构和层压结构等复合材料在层与层之间没有纱线或纤维的联结，层间强度低，因而在应用中容易分层破坏。三维结构的整体纺织构件使复合材料的增强部分成为不可分层的整体，具有比强度高、比模量大、特殊力学耦合性好、可设计性好等一系列优点，同时消除了层压结构复合材料层间强度低、易受冲击损伤的缺点。然而，三维整体结构复合材料虽然抗分层，但是密度相对较大，限制了其在航空航天和交通运输领域的应用。
三维间隔织物复合材料由于具有中空结构，质量很轻，比压缩强度较高。然后在复合材料受到压缩时，间隔纱变形和破坏导致复合材料结构破坏。即使通过增加间隔纱的数量的方法，也因为受到织造工艺的限制，也无法显著增加压缩强度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种抗压缩三维中空复合材料的制备方法。
为了达到上述目的，本发明提供了一种抗压缩三维中空复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：采用三维织造工艺织造中空结构的三维间隔织物，然后将树脂采用手糊工艺涂覆在织物表面，并渗透到织物内部，固化，间隔纱之间借助于间隔纱所吸附的树脂形成粘合点，得到抗压缩三维中空复合材料。
优选地，织造过程中，通过单组综框控制经纱运动方式，采用多剑竿引纬工艺，控制纬纱的运动方式；采用双组综框控制间隔纱的运动方式。
所述的三维间隔织物的经纬纱可以选用玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维等高性能纤维，也可以选用涤纶纤维、麻纤维、棉纤维等其他纤维的膨体纱的一种或者多种混杂。
所述的间隔纱可以选用玻璃纤维、玄武岩纤维、芳纶纤维等高性能纤维的膨体纱结构，也可以选用涤纶纤维、麻纤维、棉纤维等其他纤维的膨体纱的一种或者多种混杂。
所述的三维间隔织物的厚度，由纬向插入的间隔片的高度控制，也可以通过伸长送经工艺，调整间隔纱与经纱的送经长度比来控制。
所述的树脂可以选用环氧树脂、不饱和乙烯基树脂、酚醛树脂和聚二甲基硅氧烷树脂等热固性树脂；也可以是聚氨酯树脂，聚乙烯醇树脂和聚丙烯酸树脂溶液等热塑性树脂。
所述的三维间隔织物可以是三维机织间隔织物，也可以是三维针织间隔织物或三维编织间隔织物等具有垂直间隔纱线的织物结构。
优选地，所述的抗压缩三维中空复合材料的密度为0.5Kg/cm3-1.2Kg/cm3，拉伸强度为100MPa-500MPa，横向压缩强度40MPa-150MPa，纵向压缩强度50MPa-200MPa。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明的抗压缩三维中空结构复合材料具有质量轻、抗压缩性能和抗分层等综合特性。
(2)本发明的抗压缩三维中空结构复合材料中采用膨体纱作为间隔纱，膨体纱组成的间隔纱结构蓬松、覆盖能力好，相比普通长丝，可吸更多树脂，也使间隔纱之间形成有效的粘合点，显著提升了复合材料在厚度方向的抗压缩性能。
(3)本发明的抗压缩三维中空结构复合材料在民用、军用、航空航天和建筑等领域具有广泛的应用前景；
(4)本发明提供的方法新颖，成本低，过程简单，适合于产业化生产，可以用于客车地板，高铁车门、厢板、导流罩等领域。
附图说明
图1为抗压缩三维中空复合材料结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。应理解，这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解，在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后，本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改，这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。
实施例1三维玻璃纤维织物增强环氧树脂抗压缩复合材料
如图1所示，本实施例的抗压缩三维中空复合材料包括间隔纱3、纬纱2和经纱1，间隔纱3之间形成粘结点4，间隔纱3之间在粘结点4处相互粘合。
选择线密度为800tex玻璃纤维(巨石集团)作为经纱纬纱，线密度为800tex的玻璃纤维膨体纱(巨石集团)作为间隔纱，织造过程中，通过单组综框控制经纱运动方式，采用多剑竿引纬工艺控制纬纱的运动方式；采用双组综框控制间隔纱的运动方式，织造三维机织间隔织物。三维间隔织物的厚度通过插入的间隔片的高度进行调节。
上述的抗压缩三维中空复合材料的制备方法为：
步骤一、采用三维织造工艺织造中空结构的三维间隔织物：
第一步双引纬装置引纬纱，第二步单组综框运动上下经纱层交织，第三步双组综框运动间隔纱交织，第四步打纬，第五步步进电机卷取，第六步重复上述步骤完成一个完整循环的织造。最后获得的三维间隔织物的经纬密：10根/厘米；间隔纱密度：10根/厘米；织物长度10厘米；宽度10厘米，高度0.4厘米。三维间隔织物示意图如图1所示。
步骤二、复合材料固化过程
选用环氧树脂(广州恒粤化工有限公司，牌号：E-51)与配套的固化剂按照体积比例为4∶1的关系制成环氧树脂溶液800毫升，采用手糊法涂覆在三维织物表面，并使树脂渗透到织物内部后，放置在烘箱中，加热温度80摄氏度，加热时间8小时固化，间隔纱之间借助于间隔纱所吸附的树脂形成有效的粘合点；获得三维玻璃纤维织物增强环氧树脂抗压缩复合材料。经测试得，复合材料的密度为1.3公斤/立方厘米，拉伸强度456兆帕，横向压缩强度148兆帕，纵向压缩强度120兆帕。
实施例2三维玄武岩纤维织物增强不饱和乙烯基聚酯树脂抗压缩复合材料
如图1所示，本实施例的抗压缩三维中空复合材料包括间隔纱3、纬纱2和经纱1，间隔纱3之间形成粘结点4，间隔纱3之间在粘结点4处相互粘合。
选择线密度为800tex玄武岩纤维(石金玄武岩纤维有限公司)作为经纱纬纱，线密度为600tex的玄武岩纤维膨体纱(石金玄武岩纤维有限公司)作为间隔纱，织造过程中，采用多组综框织造工艺，通过单组综框控制经纱运动方式，采用多剑竿引纬工艺控制纬纱的运动方式；采用双组综框控制间隔纱的运动方式，织造三维机织间隔织物。织物参数：经纬密12根/厘米；间隔纱密度：12根/厘米；织物长度15厘米；宽度10厘米，高度0.7厘米。
上述的抗压缩三维中空复合材料的制备方法为：
步骤一、采用三维织造工艺织造中空结构的三维间隔织物：同实施例1
步骤二、复合材料固化过程：
选用不饱和聚酯树脂(广州恒粤化工有限公司，牌号：901-VP)与配套的固化剂按照体积比例为10∶1的关系制成树脂溶液800毫升，采用手糊法涂覆在三维织物表面，并使树脂渗透到织物内部，放置在烘箱中，加热温度40摄氏度，加热时间6小时固化，间隔纱之间借助于间隔纱所吸附的树脂形成有效的粘合点，获得三维玄武岩纤维织物增强不饱和乙烯基聚酯树脂抗压缩复合材料。经测试得，复合材料的密度为1.0公斤/立方厘米，拉伸强度256兆帕，横向压缩强度66兆帕，纵向压缩强度118兆帕。
实施例3三维碳纤维纤维织物增强酚醛树脂抗压缩复合材料
如图1所示，本实施例的抗压缩三维中空复合材料包括间隔纱3、纬纱2和经纱1，间隔纱3之间形成粘结点4，间隔纱3之间在粘结点4处相互粘合。
选择线密度为1000tex碳纤维(东丽公司，T-300)作为经纱纬纱，线密度为600tex的玄武岩纤维膨体纱(石金玄武岩纤维有限公司)作为间隔纱，织造过程中，采用多组综框织造工艺，通过单组综框控制经纱运动方式，采用多剑竿引纬工艺控制纬纱的运动方式；采用双组综框控制间隔纱的运动方式，织造三维机织间隔织物。织物参数：经纬密10根/厘米；间隔纱密度：10根/厘米；织物长度15厘米；宽度10厘米，高度0.5厘米。
上述的抗压缩三维中空复合材料的制备方法为：
步骤一、采用三维织造工艺织造中空结构的三维间隔织物：同实施例1
步骤二、复合材料固化过程：
选用热固性酚醛树脂溶液800毫升(江阴万千化学品有限公司)，采用手糊法将树脂涂覆在三维织物表面，并使树脂渗透到织物内部，放置在烘箱中，加热温度180摄氏度，加热时间4小时固化，间隔纱之间借助于间隔纱所吸附的树脂形成有效的粘合点，获得三维碳纤维纤维织物增强酚醛树脂抗压缩复合材料。经测试得，复合材料的密度为1.03公斤/立方厘米，拉伸强度696兆帕，横向压缩强度56兆帕，纵向压缩强度105兆帕。

Claims (6)

1.一种抗压缩三维中空复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，包括：采用三维织造工艺织造中空结构的三维间隔织物，然后将树脂采用手糊工艺涂覆在织物表面，并渗透到织物内部，固化，间隔纱之间借助于间隔纱所吸附的树脂形成粘合点，得到抗压缩三维中空复合材料。
2.如权利要求1所述的抗压缩三维中空复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，织造过程中，通过单组综框控制经纱运动方式，采用多剑竿引纬工艺，控制纬纱的运动方式；采用双组综框控制间隔纱的运动方式。
3.如权利要求1所述的抗压缩三维中空复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的三维间隔织物的经纬纱为高性能纤维、以及其他纤维的膨体纱的一种或者多种混杂。
4.如权利要求1所述的抗压缩三维中空复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的间隔纱为高性能纤维的膨体纱以及其他纤维的膨体纱中的一种或者多种混杂。
5.如权利要求1所述的抗压缩三维中空复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的树脂为热固性树脂或热塑性树脂。
6.如权利要求1所述的抗压缩三维中空复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于，所述的三维间隔织物为三维机织间隔织物、三维针织间隔织物或三维编织间隔织物。
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112320930A (zh) * 2020-10-16 2021-02-05 中国海诚工程科技股份有限公司 增强三维间隔针织物基材的mbr平板膜及其制备方法
CN112853581A (zh) * 2020-12-30 2021-05-28 广东延春高新材料科技股份有限公司 一种天线罩材料的制备方法

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112320930A (zh) * 2020-10-16 2021-02-05 中国海诚工程科技股份有限公司 增强三维间隔针织物基材的mbr平板膜及其制备方法
CN112320930B (zh) * 2020-10-16 2022-09-23 中国海诚工程科技股份有限公司 增强三维间隔针织物基材的mbr平板膜及其制备方法
CN112853581A (zh) * 2020-12-30 2021-05-28 广东延春高新材料科技股份有限公司 一种天线罩材料的制备方法

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