CN108210977A - 高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料 - Google Patents
高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料，所述吸收性止血敷料具有三层结构，由生物吸收膜、生物吸收性多孔物质层、吸收增强层构成；所述吸收增强层为甘油酸或丙交酯的聚合物或两者的聚合物。本发明的可吸收性止血敷料，吸收增强层具有优异的吸液能力，极大的提高了止血敷料的吸液能力，具有良好的止血效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗卫生领域，具体涉及一种高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料。
背景技术
皮肤创伤的医治和护理中，止血用品是必备之一，一般来说，一个溃疡伤口每天平均分泌大约50毫升左右的液体。而一般纺织品制作的敷料的吸收性在200％以下，远不能满足护理糜烂性溃疡伤口的需求。
日常中普遍使用的“创口贴”等，因具有使用方便、便于携带，价格便宜等优点，获得了广泛的认可。但这些止血用品往往存在止血时间过长，伤口处受组织液长时间浸泡而肿胀，对大面积、高深度伤口止血效果不理想，抗菌抑菌能力差等不足之处，不利于伤口愈合。
在处理病人伤口时，需要在伤口上覆盖敷料，防止细菌侵入和防止水分损失。传统的敷料如纱布、绷带等对创面虽有保护作用，但保湿吸液能力差，只能吸收自身重量的4-5倍，而且对于一些伤口在移除传统敷料时，敷料容易粘连伤口组织，造成二次伤口破坏；因此，在外科手术中，也常常需要一些可降解、生物相容性好的敷料来防止器官黏连。
鉴于此，目前亟待提出一种吸液能力优异、可降解、生物相容性好的止血敷料。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于现有技术中的止血敷料吸液能力不够理想、不利于伤口愈合，进而提供一种吸液能力优异、可降解、生物相容性好、可吸收的止血敷料。
为此，本发明提供了一种高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料，所述吸收性止血敷料具有三层结构，由生物吸收膜、生物吸收性多孔物质层、吸收增强层构成；所述吸收增强层为甘油酸或丙交酯的聚合物或两者的聚合物。
优选地，所述吸收增强层设置于所述生物吸收膜及所述生物吸收多孔物质层之间。
优选地，所述吸收增强层通过纺丝得到，并与所述生物吸收膜通过压接的方式接合。
优选地，所述生物吸收膜与所述生物吸收性多孔物质层均为天然高分子材料。
优选地，所述生物吸收膜包括骨胶原、明胶中的一种。
优选地，所述生物吸收膜通过明胶或骨胶原与海藻酸钠通过交联反应得到。
优选地，所述生物吸收膜通过流延成膜得到。
优选地，所述生物吸收性多孔物质层包括骨胶原、明胶中的一种。
优选地，所述生物吸收性多孔物质通过明胶或骨胶原与海藻酸钠通过交联反应得到。
优选地，所述生物吸收性多孔物质层通过冷冻干燥法制为海绵状。
本发明提供的技术方案，具有如下优点：
本发明所述的高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料，是由生物可吸收性的高分子制成，具有良好的生物相容性，在创面愈合后，能够被生物分解吸收；更为重要的是，本发明所述的高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料，具有三层结构，所述生物吸收膜、所述生物吸收性多孔物质层、所述吸收增强层。生物吸收性多孔物质层与创伤表面贴合，具有良好的吸水性，而所述生物吸收膜具有较好的亲水性，不与细胞、组织接触，防止所述生物吸收性多孔物质层的水分通过，具有较好的止血效果，有利于创面愈合。而吸收增强层具有快速吸收液体的作用，大大增强了止血敷料的吸液能力。
具体实施方式
实施例1
本实施例的高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料具有三层结构，依次由生物吸收膜、吸收增强层、生物吸收性多孔物质层构成。
其制备方法如下：
(1)所述生物吸收膜的制备：称取20g明胶颗粒研磨至粉末状，将其溶于水中，配成质量分数为0.5％～10％的胶状液体，加入5g海藻酸钠，搅拌均匀后倾倒在玻璃或不锈钢板上，流延成膜，室温晾干即得薄膜状的所述生物吸收膜；
(2)所述吸收增强层的制备：将甘油酸、丙交酯按照1:1的质量比融入水中，搅拌均匀，再采用300℃的高温进行高温聚合，再自然冷却得到混合材料，将得到的所述混合材料放入异形喷丝孔的喷丝板中进行纺丝，得到吸收增强层；
(3)所述生物吸收膜与所述吸收增强层的接合：将步骤(1)中得到的所述生物吸收膜用压接等方法与步骤(2)中得到的所述吸收增强层相接合；
(4)所述生物吸收性多孔物质层的制备：称取20g明胶颗粒研磨至粉末状，将其加入到20ml的水中，搅拌至明胶完全溶解；称取10g海藻酸钠，与溶解的明胶一起混合，先以200r/min快速搅拌1-2分钟，然后再以100r/min搅拌10分钟，混合均匀后，将混合溶液加热至50℃—60℃，即生成了所述物理交联的水凝胶；将得到的水凝胶用超纯水洗涤，再将步骤(3)中所得的所述生物吸收膜与所述吸收增强层放入模具中，并将所述水凝胶倒入模具中，然后将模具直接干燥或是将模具于-20℃冷冻2～5h后冷冻干燥，即得三层结构的所述可吸收性止血敷料。
实施例2
本实施例的高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料具有三层结构，依次由生物吸收膜、吸收增强层、生物吸收性多孔物质层构成。
其制备方法如下：
(1)所述生物吸收膜的制备：称取20g骨胶原颗粒研磨至粉末状，将其溶于水中，配成质量分数为0.5％～10％的胶状液体，加入5g海藻酸钠，搅拌均匀后倾倒在玻璃或不锈钢板上，流延成膜，室温晾干即得薄膜状的所述生物吸收膜；
(2)所述吸收增强层的制备：将甘油酸、丙交酯按照1:3的质量比融入水中，搅拌均匀，再采用300℃的高温进行高温聚合，再自然冷却得到混合材料，将得到的所述混合材料放入异形喷丝孔的喷丝板中进行纺丝，得到吸收增强层；
(3)所述生物吸收膜与所述吸收增强层的接合：将步骤(1)中得到的所述生物吸收膜用压接等方法与步骤(2)中得到的所述吸收增强层相接合；
(4)所述生物吸收性多孔物质层的制备：称取20g骨胶原颗粒研磨至粉末状，将其加入到20ml的水中，搅拌至明胶完全溶解；称取10g海藻酸钠，与溶解的明胶一起混合，先以200r/min快速搅拌1-2分钟，然后再以100r/min搅拌10分钟，混合均匀后，将混合溶液加热至50℃—60℃，即生成了所述物理交联的水凝胶；将得到的水凝胶用超纯水洗涤，再将步骤(3)中所得的所述生物吸收膜与所述吸收增强层放入模具中，并将所述水凝胶倒入模具中，然后将模具直接干燥或是将模具于-20℃冷冻2～5h后冷冻干燥，即得三层结构的所述可吸收性止血敷料。
实验例
为验证本发明所述的可吸收性止血敷料的技术效果，进行以下的伤口愈合实验：
取健康成年家兔10只，分为2组，各5只，记为实施例1组、实施例2组，静脉麻醉，固定到手术台上，背部和股骨沟处去毛，划伤体表中、小血管，分别敷上本发明的实施例1、实施例2快速止血创伤敷料，人工按压15-60s。观察止血时间以及手术后7天的情况。
经实验结果可知，受测动物由于出血部位不同，止血时间存在差异。但手术后7天，使用本发明所述的可吸收性止血敷料，受测动物伤口愈合均良好，肢体可自由活动。
显然，上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明所作的举例，而并非对实施方式的限定。对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说，在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动。这里无需也无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举。而由此所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明创造的保护范围之中。
Claims (10)
1.高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料，其特征在于，所述吸收性止血敷料具有三层结构，由生物吸收膜、生物吸收性多孔物质层、吸收增强层构成；所述吸收增强层为甘油酸或丙交酯的聚合物或两者的聚合物。
2.根据权利要求1中所述的高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料，其特征在于，所述吸收增强层设置于所述生物吸收膜及所述生物吸收多孔物质层之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2中所述的高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料，其特征在于，所述吸收增强层通过纺丝得到，并与所述生物吸收膜通过压接的方式接合。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任意一项所述的高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料，其特征在于，所述生物吸收膜与所述生物吸收性多孔物质层均为天然高分子材料。
5.根据权利要求4中所述的高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料，其特征在于，所述生物吸收膜包括骨胶原、明胶中的一种。
6.根据权利要求5中所述的高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料，其特征在于，所述生物吸收膜通过明胶或骨胶原与海藻酸钠通过交联反应得到。
7.根据权利要求6中所述的高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料，其特征在于，所述生物吸收膜通过流延成膜得到。
8.根据权利要求1-7中任意一项所述的高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料，其特征在于，所述生物吸收性多孔物质层包括骨胶原、明胶中的一种。
9.根据权利要求8中所述的高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料，其特征在于，所述生物吸收性多孔物质通过明胶或骨胶原与海藻酸钠通过交联反应得到。
10.根据权利要求9中所述的高吸液能力的吸收性止血敷料，其特征在于，所述生物吸收性多孔物质层通过冷冻干燥法制为海绵状。
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