CN108208346B - Low-phosphorus full-price daily ration for laying hens in egg laying peak period and application of low-phosphorus full-price daily ration - Google Patents
Low-phosphorus full-price daily ration for laying hens in egg laying peak period and application of low-phosphorus full-price daily ration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-phosphorus complete ration for laying hens in an egg laying peak period and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of laying hen breeding and feed application. The daily ration scheme comprises two stages of daily rations, wherein the daily ration is a corn bean pulp type daily ration for 20-40 weeks, 0.02% phytase is added, and no exogenous phosphorus source is added; the daily ration of 41-55 weeks is corn bean pulp type daily ration, and no phytase or exogenous phosphorus source is added; the daily ration meets the nutritional requirement that the laying rate of the laying peak laying hens is more than 85% in the feeding standard NY/T33-2004 of Chinese chickens. The invention optimizes the effective utilization of phosphorus in the feed on the premise of ensuring the production performance and the egg quality of the laying hens, reduces the use of inorganic phosphorus sources or phytase or other components, reduces the cost, lightens the waste of phosphorus resources, obviously reduces the excretion of excrement phosphorus in the whole egg laying peak period and reduces the environmental pollution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of laying hen breeding and feed application, and particularly relates to a phosphate-free complete ration scheme for laying hens in an egg laying peak period, in particular to a low-phosphorus complete ration for the laying hens in the egg laying peak period and application thereof.
Background
Phosphorus is an essential mineral element for animals, and plays an important role in vivo as a third major nutrient after energy and protein in poultry (korea earnest et al. The total phosphorus in the feed is divided into phytate phosphorus and non-phytate phosphorus, the phytate phosphorus is phosphorus which can not be used by monogastric animals, and the non-phytate phosphorus is phosphorus which can be used by the animals. In layer daily ration, most of phosphorus source is stored in plant (such as bran, oil cake, and cereals) in the form of phytate phosphorus, and research shows that poultry can only utilize one third of effective components. Domestic poultry feed mainly takes corn bean pulp type as main material, and the utilization rate of phytate phosphorus in poultry is extremely low, so that inorganic phosphorus source (non-phytate phosphorus) is usually required to be added into the poultry feed. In the current livestock and poultry breeding process, the nutrient requirement of livestock and poultry on phosphorus is continuously changed along with the continuous improvement of varieties and more reasonable nutrient proportion in the feed formula. The NRC (1994) and the Chinese laying hen feeding standard (2004) have older data, so that the inorganic phosphorus resource is unreasonably used by feed enterprises. Research predicts that in 2100, the Global phosphorus source will be reduced by 20-60% (Vuuren D P V et al. phosphorus requirement for the 1970) 2100period: a scientific analysis of resource requirement [ J ]. Global Environmental Change,2010,20:428), and in the case of sharply reduced phosphorus resources, the shadow price of inorganic phosphorus in the feed formulation will be higher and higher (the shadow price: in the case of unchanged other nutrient constraints in the feed formulation, the constraint value of the nutrient constraint will be changed by one unit, resulting in a Change in the formulation cost), and the breeding cost will also rise continuously. Meanwhile, the content of inorganic phosphorus in commercial feed in China is generally higher, and the phosphorus level can reach 0.31% -0.37%, so that the phosphorus nutrient utilization efficiency of a laying hen breeding system in China is lower, and the phenomenon of environmental pollution deterioration is more serious.
In recent years, in the face of severe situations of resource constraint trend, serious environmental pollution and ecological system degradation, China strengthens ecological civilization construction, establishes a green development concept, defines an ecological protection red line and has stricter requirements on environmental protection of animal husbandry. Currently, agricultural non-point source pollution has become a bottleneck in modern agriculture development in China, wherein animal manure phosphorus emission is an important pollution source influencing the quality of agricultural ecological environment, and has become a common concern of countries all over the world (Bai Z H et al. Nitrogen and phosphor uses effects in pair production in Chinese. journal of Environmental quality.2013,42: 990). Therefore, how to reasonably and efficiently utilize the phosphorus-calcium feed additive and reduce the environmental pollution is concerned.
With the progress of breed selection and feeding management, the egg laying performance of the laying hens is higher and higher. Meanwhile, with the addition of phytase in the feed, the phosphorus requirement of the laying hens is gradually reduced. Researches show that when no phytase is added into daily ration, the good egg laying performance of the laying hens can be maintained by the non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) level of 0.15 percent; when phytase is added into daily ration, the good egg laying performance of the laying hens can be maintained by the NPP level of 0.10%. Even the use of phytase to replace inorganic phosphorus sources in layer feed has been reported in literature (e.g., zhang yi et al, application of phytase to replace calcium hydrogen phosphate in layer feed, tianjin stockman veterinarian, zhang luo et al, research on replacement of calcium hydrogen phosphate in layer feed by phytase, chinese feed, reqiao et al, influence of adding phytase to two low-nutrient-level feeds without inorganic phosphorus on layer laying performance, bone quality and feed nutrient utilization, low-carbon breeding technology and application). The phytate phosphorus in the feed can be absorbed and utilized by animals only after being decomposed into inorganic phosphorus, the degradation of the phytate phosphorus requires the participation of enzyme, and the formation of different phytic acid degradation products depends on the activity of the phytase from different sources. The corn bean pulp type layer feed contains about 0.35-0.4% of phytate phosphorus, and is added with 500IU/kg of phytase, so that the layer feed can release about 0.07-0.08% of available phosphorus (equivalent to 4.0-4.7kg of calcium hydrogen phosphate).
The effective utilization of phosphorus in the existing feed is still one of the main problems in laying hen breeding, and the research and optimization of the effective utilization scheme of phosphorus in the feed (reducing the use of inorganic phosphorus source or phytase or other components) to reduce the cost and reduce the phosphorus emission in the environment on the premise of ensuring the production performance and the egg quality of laying hens is a main problem to be solved at present in the field of laying hen breeding.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, in particular to the problems that the current laying hen feeding standard and nutrition requirement data are old, the phosphorus addition level in commercial daily ration is not uniform, phosphorus resources are wasted continuously, the effective utilization of phosphorus in feed is low, the environmental pollution caused by phosphorus excretion is further prominent, and the like, the invention provides the low-phosphorus full-price daily ration and the application scheme thereof in the egg laying peak period of laying hens, and aims to enhance the effective utilization of phosphorus, reduce the waste of phosphorus resources and reduce the environmental pollution under the condition of not influencing the production performance and health of the laying hens.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention specifically relates to the following technical solutions:
the invention discloses a low-phosphorus complete ration for laying hens in a peak egg producing period, which is divided into two stages, wherein the ration is a corn and soybean meal type ration in 20-40 weeks, 0.02% phytase is added, and no exogenous phosphorus source is added; the daily ration of 41-55 weeks is corn bean pulp type daily ration, and no phytase or exogenous phosphorus source is added; the daily ration meets the nutritional requirement that the laying rate of the laying peak laying hens is more than 85% in the feeding standard NY/T33-2004 of Chinese chickens.
Specifically, the exogenous phosphorus source is one selected from calcium hydrogen phosphate (DCP), monocalcium phosphate (MDCP), monocalcium phosphate, calcium phosphate, etc.
In a preferred embodiment, the corn and soybean meal type ration is: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.60% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 2.02% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of baking soda, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of microelement premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
In a specific embodiment, the calcium particles, the calcium powder, the corn distillers' grains and soluble substances, the trace element premix feed for chickens and the composite premix feed for laying hens comprise the following components:
physical and chemical indexes of calcium particles and calcium powder (stone powder)
[ notes ] the raw materials consist of: the adding proportion of the natural calcium carbonate ore is properly adjusted according to the feed formula.
Corn distillers' grains and soluble DDGS fraction (%)
[ notes ] the raw materials consist of: and (3) corn vinasse.
Microelement premixed feed ingredient for chicken
[ notes ] the raw materials consist of: feed-grade copper sulfate, feed-grade ferrous sulfate, feed-grade zinc sulfate, feed-grade manganese sulfate, feed-grade sodium selenite, feed-grade calcium iodate, a carrier (rice bran meal for feed), and a diluent (feed-grade medical stone/bentonite).
Compound premix feed ingredient for laying hens
[ notes ] the raw materials consist of: vitamin premixed feed, L-lysine hydrochloride, flavoring agent, antioxidant and carrier (rice bran meal for feed).
Vitamin premixed feed ingredient for laying fowl
[ notes ] the raw materials consist of: vitamin A acetate, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, microorganism B12, D-calcium pantothenate, biotin, nicotinic acid, folic acid, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, an antioxidant, a carrier (rice bran meal for feed) and a diluent (feed-grade medical stone/bentonite).
In the specific example, the microelement premix for chickens is preferably chicken microelement premix feed DKJ01 which is commercially available as Du Tie Riji feed Co.
Preferably, the compound premix for laying hens is a compound premix DYDYDJ 04S for laying hens commercially available as Du-Teclas feeds.
Preferably, the vitamin premix for laying fowls is DVDQ (vitamin premix feed for laying fowls) commercially available as Dudu iron rider feed Co.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, the phytase activity unit is more than or equal to 10000U/g; preferably, the phytase is a commercially available Mianyang grass bioengineering Co., Ltd phytase feed additive for low phosphorus.
Secondly, the invention discloses a feeding method for laying hens in the egg laying peak period, which comprises two stages, wherein corn and soybean meal type daily ration is fed in 20-40 weeks, 0.02% phytase is added, and no exogenous phosphorus source is added; feeding corn and soybean meal type daily ration in 41-55 weeks without adding phytase or exogenous phosphorus source; the daily ration meets the nutritional requirement that the laying rate of the laying peak laying hens is more than 85% in the feeding standard NY/T33-2004 of Chinese chickens.
In addition, the invention also discloses a method for reducing phosphorus emission of laying hens in the egg laying peak period, which comprises feeding corn bean pulp type daily ration for 20-40 weeks, adding 0.02% phytase, and not adding exogenous phosphorus source; feeding corn and soybean meal type daily ration in 41-55 weeks without adding phytase or exogenous phosphorus source; the daily ration meets the nutritional requirement that the laying rate of the laying peak laying hens is more than 85% in the feeding standard NY/T33-2004 of Chinese chickens.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the layer is a helan brown shell layer.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention optimizes the effective utilization of phosphorus in the feed on the premise of ensuring the production performance and egg quality of the laying hens, reduces the use of inorganic phosphorus sources or phytase or other components, and reduces the cost, wherein compared with the commercial conventional ration recommended by the national standard (2004), the ration formula and the application scheme of the invention can save about 17.6kg of calcium hydrophosphate per ton of feed during the whole laying peak of the laying hens, reduce the cost by about 36.96 yuan (calculated according to the market price of calcium hydrophosphate in 12 months in 2017), not only reduce the breeding cost, but also reduce the waste of phosphorus resources.
(2) Compared with the commercial conventional daily ration recommended by national standard (2004), the formulation can reduce phosphorus excretion by about 56% in the first stage (25-40 weeks), and can reduce phosphorus excretion by about 45% in the second stage (41-55 weeks), so that the excretion of phosphorus in manure is obviously reduced in the whole egg laying peak period, and the environmental pollution is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 Effect of different phosphorus levels at 25-40 weeks on phosphorus excretion of layer chickens in example 1
FIG. 2 Effect of different phosphorus levels at weeks 41-55 on phosphorus excretion from layers in example 1
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. It will be understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, and/or combinations thereof.
Example 1 Low phosphorus-DCP solution
Test method
1. Design of experiments
The test adopts a single-factor test design, and 504 healthy Hailan brown egg peak period laying hens are randomly divided into 7 treatments, each treatment is 6 times of repetition, and each treatment is 12 times of repetition. The levels of exogenous non-phytate phosphorus addition in the different treatment groups were 0, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, respectively, with a commercial conventional basal diet containing 0.12% NPP. The test period, which is 25-55 weeks, is divided into two phases, 25-40 weeks (with phytase) and 41-55 weeks (without phytase), respectively.
2. Test daily ration
The feed is prepared according to the nutrition requirement recommended by laying peak layer chicken (laying rate is more than 85%) in the feeding standard (NY/T33-2004) of Chinese chicken, commercial conventional feed is adopted, 0.02% of phytase is adopted, and the phytase activity is 10000U/g. The basic ration is corn bean cake type (containing 0.12% NPP), the phosphorus source is calcium hydrogen phosphate, different treatment groups ensure consistent calcium level, and different calcium hydrogen phosphate addition amounts are balanced by zeolite powder. The phytase in the ration was removed at 41-55 weeks. The diet formula for each treatment of this trial was as follows:
stage one (25-40 weeks)
Test group 1 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.12%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.60% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 2.00% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of baking soda, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of microelement premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying chickens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan, 0.02% of phytase and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying fowls.
Test group 2 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.17%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.43% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 0.29% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.88% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan, 0.02% of phytase and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 3 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.22%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.26% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 0.59% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.75% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan, 0.02% of phytase and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 4 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.27%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.09% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 0.88% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.63% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan, 0.02% of phytase and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 5 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.32%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 4.93% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 1.17% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.50% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan, 0.02% of phytase and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 6 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.37%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 4.76% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 1.47% of calcium hydrophosphate, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 1.38% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan, 0.02% of phytase and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 7 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.42%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 4.59% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 1.76% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.25% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan, 0.02% of phytase and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Second stage (41-55 weeks)
Test group 8 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.12%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.60% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 2.02% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of baking soda, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of microelement premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 9 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.17%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.43% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 0.29% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.90% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 10 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.22%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.26% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 0.59% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.77% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 11 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.27%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.09% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 0.88% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.65% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 12 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.32%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 4.93% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 1.17% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.52% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 13 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.37%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 4.76% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 1.47% of calcium hydrophosphate, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 1.40% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 14 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.42%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 4.59% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 1.76% of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.27% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
3. Feeding management
The raising test is carried out in livestock and poultry ecological breeding bases of northwest agriculture and forestry science and technology university, and the time is from 2016 to 2017 and 3 months later. The open type chicken house is adopted for three-layer stepped cage culture, one chicken in each cage is freely fed and drunk, and immunization and disinfection are carried out regularly according to the immunization program of the Hailan brown laying hens. During the test period, the lighting time is 16h each day, the lights are turned on at 5 am, the lights are turned off at 9 pm, and the food is fed twice a day, wherein the lighting time is 8:30 in the morning and 4 in the afternoon: 00, excrement cleaning is carried out at the same time. Egg collection time was 4:30 pm every day and material weighing time was 4:00 pm on thursday. After egg collection is finished, the waterline and the behavior condition of the chickens are checked every day, dead chickens and sick chickens are eliminated in time, and information such as elimination date, group, material weight, weight and the like of the chickens is recorded.
4. Detecting the index
Production performance, egg quality, shin bone quality, fecal phosphorus excretion, and the like
5. Data statistics
One-way ANOVA in SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used to perform One-way ANOVA analysis of variance on the test data, the data were expressed as mean ± standard error, multiple comparisons were performed using Duncan's method, and P <0.05 was significantly different.
(II) test results
1. At 25-40 weeks, the results of the study were as follows:
TABLE 1 Effect of different phosphorus levels on the production Performance of laying hens (25-40 weeks old)
As can be seen from Table 1, at 25-40 weeks of age, different non-phytate phosphorus levels had no significant effect on the laying rate, average egg weight, daily egg production, feed intake, feed-to-egg ratio and reject egg rate of the laying hens on a commercial dietary basis (P > 0.05).
TABLE 2 Effect of different levels of dibasic calcium phosphate on egg quality
As can be seen from Table 2, at this stage of 25-40 weeks, there was no significant difference in the shell thickness, shell strength, egg white height, egg yolk color and Haugh units of the laying hen eggs for the different phosphorus level groups compared to the 0.12% NPP group (P > 0.05).
TABLE 340 Effect of different phosphorus levels on tibial intensity and ash and Ca-P content of laying hens at week
As can be seen from Table 3, the levels of non-phytate phosphorus at week 40 had no significant effect on the tibial strength, ash content and calcium phosphorus of the layer chicken (P > 0.05).
As can be seen from FIG. 1, in the period of 25-40 weeks, the phosphorus intake of the layer chicken is gradually increased along with the increase of phosphorus level, and the phosphorus excretion is also increased along with the increase of phosphorus level.
2. At 41-55 weeks, the results of the study are as follows:
TABLE 4 Effect of different phosphorus levels on the production Performance of laying hens (41-55 weeks old)
As can be seen from Table 4, at this stage of 41-55 weeks, different non-phytate phosphorus levels had no significant effect on the laying rate, average egg weight, daily egg production, feed intake, feed-to-egg ratio and reject egg rate of the laying hens (P > 0.05).
TABLE 5 Effect of different phosphorus levels on egg quality
As can be seen from Table 5, at this stage of 41-55 weeks, the egg shell thickness, the egg shell strength, the egg yolk color and the Haw unit of the laying hen eggs were not significantly different in the different phosphorus level groups compared to the 0.12% NPP group (P >0.05), and the egg white height was significantly increased (P < 0.05).
Table 655 Effect of different phosphorus levels on tibial strength and ash and calcium phosphorus content of laying hens at week
As can be seen from Table 6, the levels of non-phytate phosphorus at 55 weeks had no significant effect on the tibial strength, ash content and calcium phosphorus of the layer chicken (P > 0.05).
As can be seen from FIG. 2, in the period of 41-55 weeks, the phosphorus intake of the laying hens is gradually increased along with the increase of the non-phytate phosphorus level, and the phosphorus excretion is also remarkably increased.
In summary, it can be seen that in the first stage (25-40 weeks), the commercial conventional basal diet already satisfies the layer's nutritional requirements for phosphorus in the presence of phytase, and no additional phosphorus source is required in the diet. In the second stage (41-55 weeks), when phytase is removed from the daily ration formula and the feed intake of the layer chicken reaches 127.2 g/chicken/day, i.e. the non-phytate phosphorus intake is not less than 146.4 mg/chicken/day, the commercial conventional basal ration (containing 0.12% NPP) already meets the production and maintenance needs of phosphorus for the layer chicken. It can be seen that the two-stage basal diet (test group 1 and test group 8) has satisfied the nutritional needs of the layer chicken without affecting the production performance and health of the layer chicken, significantly reduced the use of phosphorus sources and phytase and also reduced the emission of fecal phosphorus compared to other test groups. Therefore, in commercial daily ration, the formula and the application scheme of the research invention can reduce the addition of phosphorus/the usage of phytase, thereby achieving the effects of saving phosphorus sources, reducing cost and protecting environment.
Example 2 Low phosphorus-MDCP solution
1. Test method
In 2016, 7 months, a layer feeding test is carried out in an animal husbandry production teaching base of northwest agriculture and forestry science and technology university, wherein an egg laying peak feed added with monocalcium phosphate (the addition level is 0, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%) is adopted in a test daily ration, 504 blue brown shell layer chickens are randomly divided into 7 treatments, each treatment is 6 times repeated, and 12 chickens are fed according to the treatment respectively with a complete formula daily ration containing monocalcium phosphate (the addition level is 0, 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%), and the test is divided into two stages: adding phytase into daily ration at the early stage of egg laying peak (25-40 weeks); the phytase is not added into the daily ration at the later period of the egg laying peak (41-55 weeks), and the daily ration lasts for 31 weeks.
2. Daily ration scheme
Egg peak earlier stage (25-40 weeks)
Test group 15 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.12%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.60% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 2.53% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of baking soda, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of microelement premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying chickens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan, 0.02% of phytase and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying fowls.
Test group 16 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.17%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.512% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 0.235% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.853% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of baking soda, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan, 0.02% of phytase and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 17 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.22%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.423% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn gluten meal, 0.47% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.707% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of baking soda, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan, 0.02% of phytase and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 18 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.27%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.335% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 0.705% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.56% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of baking soda, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan, 0.02% of phytase and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 19 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.32%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.247% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn gluten meal, 0.94% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.413% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of baking soda, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan, 0.02% of phytase and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 20 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.37%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.158% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn gluten meal, 1.175% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.447% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of baking soda, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan, 0.02% of phytase and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 21 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.42%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.07% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn gluten meal, 1.41% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.12% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of baking soda, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan, 0.02% of phytase and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Late egg laying peak (41-55 weeks):
test group 22 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.12%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.60% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 2.02% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of baking soda, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of microelement premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 23 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.17%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.512% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 0.235% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.873% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of baking soda, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 24 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.22%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.423% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn gluten meal, 0.47% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.727% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of baking soda, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 25 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.27%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.335% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 0.705% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.58% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of baking soda, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 26 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.32%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.247% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn gluten meal, 0.94% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.433% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan and 0.01% of vitamin premix for eggs.
Test group 27 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.37%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.158% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn gluten meal, 1.175% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.467% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens.
Test group 28 non-phytate phosphorus level (0.42%)
The formula is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.07% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances (DDGS-28), 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn gluten meal, 1.41% of monocalcium phosphate, 1.14% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of lysine sulfate (65%), 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of sodium bicarbonate, 0.16% of DL-methionine (99%), 0.15% of trace element premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of choline chloride (50%), 0.08% of tryptophan and 0.01% of vitamin premix for eggs.
The formula only changes the addition amount of the monocalcium phosphate at the early stage of an egg laying peak on the premise of the same nutrient level; the phytase was removed at the end of the peak period and the amount of added monocalcium phosphate was varied.
3. Detection indexes are as follows:
the production performance is as follows: laying rate, average egg weight, daily egg laying amount, average feed intake and feed-egg ratio
Egg quality: egg shape index, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg white height, yolk color, Haugh Unit
Tibial development: calcium, phosphorus content, ash content, tibial strength.
4. Test results
TABLE 7 Effect of different non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) levels in the diets on layer hen production Performance (Phytase addition to diet, 25-40 weeks)
As can be seen from Table 7, when phytase is added to the ration, different levels of added monocalcium phosphate have little effect on the laying rate, average egg weight, daily egg production, average feed intake and feed-egg ratio of the laying hens at the peak period of egg production (P > 0.05).
TABLE 8 Effect of different NPP levels in the diets on egg quality (Phytase addition to diet, 25-40 weeks)
It can be seen from table 8 that no significant differences in egg shape index, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg white height, egg yolk color, and haugh units were seen for different levels of added monocalcium phosphate when phytase was added to the ration (P > 0.05).
TABLE 9 Effect of different NPP levels in the diets on tibial development of layers (Phytase addition to diet, 40 weeks)
It can be seen from table 9 that no significant difference in calcium, phosphorus, ash content and tibial strength of the layer shin at peak laying was seen for different levels of added monocalcium phosphate when phytase was added to the ration (P > 0.05).
TABLE 10 Effect of different non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) levels in the diet on layer production Performance (Phytase not added to the diet, 41-55 weeks)
As can be seen from Table 10, when no phytase is added to the ration, different levels of added monocalcium phosphate have little effect on the laying rate, average egg weight, daily egg production, average feed intake and feed-egg ratio of the laying hens at the peak period of egg production (P > 0.05).
TABLE 11 Effect of different NPP levels in the diets on egg quality (no phytase added to the diets, 41-55 weeks)
It can be seen from table 11 that, in the absence of phytase in the ration, no significant differences were seen in egg shape index, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg height, yolk color and haugh units of the laying hens at different levels of added monocalcium phosphate (P > 0.05).
TABLE 12 Effect of different NPP levels in the diets on tibial development of layers (No Phytase added to diet, 55 weeks)
It can be seen from table 12 that, when no phytase is added to the ration, no significant difference in calcium, phosphorus, ash content and tibial strength of the layer shin at peak laying time was observed for different levels of added monocalcium phosphate (P > 0.05).
From the data of example 2, it can be seen that, from the production performance index, when no phosphate is added to the ration, but phytase is added, the normal level (94.8%, 58.7g, 55.7g, 2.16) can be maintained compared with the feed-egg ratio, and the average feed intake is lowest; when phosphate and phytase are not added into the daily ration, the laying rate, the average egg weight and the daily egg laying amount of the laying hens are kept at normal levels (95.18%, 62.67 and 60.00), and the feed-egg ratio is lowest (2.13). This indicates that the existing nutrient levels in the ration already meet the laying hen production needs when phosphate is not added, so no additional phosphorus needs to be added.
From the point of the egg quality index, whether phytase is added into the daily ration or not, the quality of the eggs does not change along with the addition level of phosphate, which indicates that the egg quality can maintain a good level even if the phosphate is not additionally added into the daily ration.
From the index of the development condition of the tibia, no matter whether phytase is added to the daily ration, the addition level of phosphate does not influence the content of calcium, phosphorus and ash in the tibia and the intensity of the tibia, and therefore the fact that the normal development of the tibia of the laying hen is not hindered by the fact that the phosphate is not added to the daily ration is shown.
Therefore, in the practice of livestock production, the brand-new formula scheme of the full-price compound feed for the laying hens can save the use of phosphate resources/phytase and reduce the waste of phosphorus resources, thereby reducing the feed cost, effectively reducing the phosphorus emission and reducing the environmental pollution.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications without creative efforts from the above-described conception, and fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for feeding laying hens in the egg laying peak period is characterized in that feeding is carried out in two stages, corn and soybean meal type daily ration is fed in 25-40 weeks, 0.02% phytase is added, and no exogenous phosphorus source is added; feeding corn and soybean meal type daily ration in 41-55 weeks without adding phytase or exogenous phosphorus source; the daily ration meets the nutritional requirement that the laying rate of the laying peak laying hens is more than 85% in the feeding standard NY/T33-2004 of Chinese chickens;
in the first stage: at 25-40 weeks: the corn and bean pulp type daily ration is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.60% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble substances DDGS-284.00%, 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 2.00% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of 65% lysine sulfate, 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of baking soda, 0.16% of 99% DL-methionine, 0.15% of microelement premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of 50% choline chloride, 0.08% of tryptophan, 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying hens and 0.02% of phytase;
in the second stage: at 41-55 weeks: the corn and bean pulp type daily ration is as follows: 60.53% of corn, 15.09% of soybean meal, 5.60% of calcium granules, 4.00% of corn germ meal, 4.00% of corn distillers' grains and soluble DDGS-284.00%, 4.00% of calcium powder, 3.00% of corn protein powder, 2.02% of zeolite powder, 0.47% of soybean oil, 0.26% of 65% of lysine sulfate, 0.20% of salt, 0.20% of baking soda, 0.16% of 99% DL-methionine, 0.15% of microelement premix for chickens, 0.15% of compound premix for laying hens, 0.08% of 50% choline chloride, 0.08% of tryptophan and 0.01% of vitamin premix for laying fowls.
2. The feeding method for laying hens in the egg laying peak period according to claim 1, wherein the phytase activity unit is not less than 10000U/g.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101449746A (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2009-06-10 | 河南商都生物技术股份有限公司 | Feedstuff for laying hens and use thereof in producing laying hens |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 不同水平植酸酶在产蛋鸡饲粮中应用效果的分析;查常林;《饲料工业》;19980117;第28-29页 * |
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Effective date of registration: 20220511 Address after: 043200 North of 108 National Highway in Jishan County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province Patentee after: Shanxi Jinlong Group Feed Co.,Ltd. Address before: 712100 Xianyang city of Shaanxi province Yangling Demonstration Zone No. 3 Tai Road Patentee before: NORTHWEST A & F University |