CN108208328A - 一种含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料及加工方法 - Google Patents

一种含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料及加工方法 Download PDF

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CN108208328A
CN108208328A CN201711291986.2A CN201711291986A CN108208328A CN 108208328 A CN108208328 A CN 108208328A CN 201711291986 A CN201711291986 A CN 201711291986A CN 108208328 A CN108208328 A CN 108208328A
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quail
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杨兰明
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Chongqing Jinyuheng Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料，按重量份计，包括玉米50‑60份，鱼粉10‑20份，葵花籽饼3‑5份，食盐0.5‑1份，豆油3‑5份，中药添加剂1‑3份，所述中药添加剂包括白芍3‑5份，白术2‑4份，陈皮1‑3份，防风0.5‑1份,鸦胆子4‑8份，甘草2‑6份，青蒿3‑8份，穿心莲2‑4份，黄连1‑2份，鱼腥草1‑2份，火炭母1‑2份，土牛七根1‑4份，岗梅根2‑3份，狼毒1‑2份，马齿苋2‑4份，车前草1‑4份，黄皮叶1‑3份，鸡屎藤2‑3份，半边旗2‑6份。本发明通过针对鹌鹑的养殖特点，有效提高鹌鹑的免疫力，防止鹌鹑出现易感病害，同时使鹌鹑不产生抗药性，进而影响到消费者健康。

Description

一种含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料及加工方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种鹌鹑养殖技术领域，特别是涉及一种含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料及加工方法。
背景技术
鹌鹑是一种经济价值较高的野禽，别称鹑鸟、宛鹑、奔鹑等，为雉科鹌鹑属候鸟，肉嫩肥实，味道鲜美，营养丰富，较鸡蛋营养的成分高，鹌鹑在养殖过程中，容易产生如雏白痢、球虫病、肠炎等病害，由于这些病害通常具有较高的传染性，现有养殖或饲料技术通常采用加入少量抗生素或者药物来实现病害的预防。但是这些加入相关抗生素或者药物的饲养材料，既容易使鹌鹑产生抗药性，并且容易影响后续食用者的健康。
因此本领域技术人员致力于开发一种既能够预防鹌鹑相关病害，又健康不容易影响食用者健康的鹌鹑饲料及制作方法。
发明内容
有鉴于现有技术的上述缺陷，本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供既能够预防鹌鹑相关病害，又健康不容易影响食用者健康的鹌鹑饲料及制作方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料，其特征是：按重量份计，包括玉米50-60份，鱼粉10-20份，葵花籽饼3-5份，食盐0.5-1份，豆油3-5份，中药添加剂1-3份，所述中药添加剂包括白芍3-5份，白术2-4份，陈皮1-3份，防风0.5-1份,鸦胆子4-8份，甘草2-6份，青蒿3-8份，穿心莲2-4份，黄连1-2份，鱼腥草1-2份，火炭母1-2份，土牛七根1-4份，岗梅根2-3份，狼毒1-2份，马齿苋2-4份，车前草1-4份，黄皮叶1-3份，鸡屎藤2-3份，半边旗2-6份。
本发明在设计过程中，考虑了鹌鹑养殖的特性，鹌鹑在养殖过程中，容易产生雏白痢、球虫病、肠炎等病害，本技术方案针对鹌鹑的特点，加入了能偶防止白痢的火炭母、青蒿、鱼腥草等，同时加入了能够防治肠炎的穿心莲、半边旗，同时加入了气管炎防治药材土牛七根，鱼腥草、狼毒等。同时本技术方案还设计了能够提高鹌鹑体质的材料如陈皮、甘草等。通过本技术方案的设计能够有效提高鹌鹑的免疫力，并且不产生抗药性，不影响食用者的健康。
按重量份计，包括玉米53份，鱼粉15份，葵花籽饼5份，食盐1份，豆油3份，中药添加剂1.5份。
所述中药添加剂包括白芍3.5份，白术2.5份，陈皮1.5份，防风1份,鸦胆子4.5份，甘草4份，青蒿3.5份，穿心莲3份，黄连2份，鱼腥草2份，火炭母2份，土牛七根2份，岗梅根3份，狼毒2份，马齿苋4份，车前草2份，黄皮叶2份鸡屎藤2份，半边旗4份。
一种权含含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)中药液粗样的制取：分别称取配方量的白芍，白术，防风,鸦胆子，甘草，青蒿，黄连，鱼腥草，土牛七根，岗梅根，狼毒，马齿苋，车前草，黄皮叶，鸡屎藤，半边旗，洗净晾干，通过粉碎机粉碎后，进行萃取，以无水乙醇作为夹带剂，萃取压力为10-15MPA，萃取温度90-100℃，萃取循环10-12H，得中药液粗样；
(2)中药液的精制：向步骤(1)的中药液粗样中加入其体积8-12倍的无水乙醇，搅拌溶解稀释，在70-80℃的温度下回流4-5H,得精制中药液；
(3)中药添加剂的制备：取步骤(2)的中的精制中药液，减压回收乙醇后，将中药液低温蒸发，得乳胶状的中药物质，将乳胶物质放入干燥机内干燥，进风温度为200度-300℃，出风温度90-100℃，得到粉末物质，再向粉末中加入陈皮、穿心莲、火炭母等混合粉碎过100目筛，未过筛部分，反复多次粉碎至完全过筛，将粉末搅拌均匀得中药添加剂；
(4)鹌鹑饲料的配制：按配方称取玉米、鱼粉、麸皮、葵花籽饼、食盐、豆油及步骤(3)制得的中药添加剂，混合搅拌均匀后，加适量水至造粒机造粒，烘干得鹌鹑饲料。
所述步骤(1)中的萃取压力为12MPA,萃取温度为90℃，萃取时间为10.5H。
所述的步骤(2)中无水乙醇加入量为中药液粗样体积的8倍，搅拌溶解稀释后在80摄氏度的温度下回流5H,得精制中药液。
本发明通过对中草药的成分预先洗净晾干处理，避免草药上残留有害菌对鹌鹑产生影响，通过无水乙醇萃取中草药得到有效中药成分，纯度高，药效好，同时对中草药粉碎处理，确保草药颗粒大小合适，适于鹌鹑进食。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明通过针对鹌鹑的养殖特点在鹌鹑饲料中加入一些无毒低毒且能够防治鹌鹑典型病害的中草药，有效提高鹌鹑的免疫力，防止鹌鹑出现易感病害，同时使鹌鹑不产生抗药性，进而影响到消费者健康。
本发明选取的具体中草药药效如下:白芍:养血敛阴，柔肝止痛，平肝阳；白术：除湿益燥，和中益气，温中，去脾胃中湿，除胃热，强脾胃，进饮食；陈皮：理气健脾，燥湿化痰。用于胸脘胀满，食少吐泻，咳嗽痰多；防风：解表祛风，胜湿，止痉。用于感冒头痛，风湿痹痛，风疹瘙痒，破伤风；鸦胆子：有清热解毒、止痢疾。甘草：清热解毒，祛痰止咳、脘腹等；青蒿：清热，解暑，除蒸，治温病，暑热，骨蒸劳热，疟疾，痢疾，黄疸，疥疮，瘙痒；穿心莲：清热解毒，凉血、消肿；黄连泻火，燥湿，解毒，杀虫。鱼腥草：肺痈吐脓，痰热喘咳；火炭母：清热解毒，利湿消滞，凉血止痒，明目退翳；土牛七根：预防白喉；岗梅根：清热解毒，生津止渴，散瘀之功效；狼毒：泻水逐饮；破积杀虫、水肿腹胀；痰食虫积；马齿苋:清热利湿、解毒消肿、消炎、止渴、利尿作用；车前草：主小便不利、淋浊带下、水肿胀满、暑湿泻痢、目赤障翳、痰热咳喘；黄皮叶:疏风解表，除痰行气。治温病身热，咳嗽哮喘，气胀腹痛，黄肿，疟疾，小便不利，热毒疥癞等功效；鸡屎藤：祛风利湿，消食化积，止咳，止痛；半边旗:抗菌。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
实施例一：一种含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料，按重量份计，按重量份计，包括玉米53份，鱼粉15份，葵花籽饼5份，食盐1份，豆油3份，中药添加剂1.5份。所述中药添加剂包括白芍3.5份，白术2.5份，陈皮1.5份，防风1份,鸦胆子4.5份，甘草4份，青蒿3.5份，穿心莲3份，黄连2份，鱼腥草2份，火炭母2份，土牛七根2份，岗梅根3份，狼毒2份，马齿苋4份，车前草2份，黄皮叶2份鸡屎藤2份，半边旗4份。
上述含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)中药液粗样的制取：分别称取白芍3.5份，白术2.5份，防风1份,鸦胆子4.5份，甘草4份，青蒿3.5份，黄连2份，鱼腥草2份，土牛七根2份，岗梅根3份，狼毒2份，马齿苋4份，车前草2份，黄皮叶2份鸡屎藤2份，半边旗4份。洗净晾干，通过粉碎机粉碎后，进行萃取，以无水乙醇作为夹带剂，萃取压力为10MPA，萃取温度90℃，萃取循环10H，得中药液粗样；
(2)中药液的精制：向步骤(1)的中药液粗样中加入其体积8倍的无水乙醇，搅拌溶解稀释，在80℃的温度下回流4H,得精制中药液；
(3)中药添加剂的制备：取步骤(2)的中的精制中药液，减压回收乙醇后，将中药液低温蒸发，得乳胶状的中药物质，将乳胶物质放入干燥机内干燥，进风温度为200度-300℃，出风温度90-100℃，得到粉末物质，再向粉末中加入陈皮1.5份、穿心莲3份、火炭母2份等混合粉碎过100目筛，未过筛部分，反复多次粉碎至完全过筛，将粉末搅拌均匀得中药添加剂；
(4)鹌鹑饲料的配制：按配方称取玉米，鱼粉，葵花籽饼，食盐，豆油，及步骤(3)制得的中药添加剂，混合搅拌均匀后，加适量水至造粒机造粒，烘干得鹌鹑饲料。
实施例二：
一种含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料，按重量份计，包括玉米60份，鱼粉20份，葵花籽饼5份，食盐0.5份，豆油3份，中药添加剂1份，所述中药添加剂包括白芍5份，白术4份，陈皮3份，防风1份,鸦胆子8份，甘草6份，青蒿8份，穿心莲4份，黄连2份，鱼腥草2份，火炭母2份，土牛七根4份，岗梅根3份，狼毒2份，马齿苋4份，车前草4份，黄皮叶3份，鸡屎藤3份，半边旗6份。
上述含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料的加工方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)中药液粗样的制取：白芍5份，白术4份，防风1份,鸦胆子8份，甘草6份，青蒿8份，黄连2份，鱼腥草2份，土牛七根4份，岗梅根3份，狼毒2份，马齿苋4份，车前草4份，黄皮叶3份，鸡屎藤3份，半边旗6份。洗净晾干，通过粉碎机粉碎后，进行萃取，以无水乙醇作为夹带剂，萃取压力为10MPA，萃取温度90℃，萃取循环10H，得中药液粗样；(2)中药液的精制：向步骤(1)的中药液粗样中加入其体积8倍的无水乙醇，搅拌溶解稀释，在80℃的温度下回流4H,得精制中药液；
(3)中药添加剂的制备：取步骤(2)的中的精制中药液，减压回收乙醇后，将中药液低温蒸发，得乳胶状的中药物质，将乳胶物质放入干燥机内干燥，进风温度为200度-300℃，出风温度90-100℃，得到粉末物质，再向粉末中加入陈皮3份、穿心莲4份、火炭母2份等混合粉碎过100目筛，未过筛部分，反复多次粉碎至完全过筛，将粉末搅拌均匀得中药添加剂；
(4)鹌鹑饲料的配制：按配方称取玉米、鱼粉、麸皮、葵花籽饼、食盐、豆油及步骤(3)制得的中药添加剂，混合搅拌均匀后，加适量水至造粒机造粒，烘干得鹌鹑饲料。
本发明的鹌鹑饲料饲喂试验：
1)原料准备
试验对象，綦江大型养殖场选取健康10日龄的鹌鹑150只，按体重均分为3组，其中2组作为试验组，一组为对照组，试验组相应饲喂上述两个实施例中的饲料，对照组饲喂普通鹌鹑饲料。
饲喂管理：喂食周期45天，每天喂料4次，每隔6个小时喂料一次。
2)结果及分析
自试验开始喂食饲料起，记录鹌鹑初始头数，初始重，试验结束时，记录鹌鹑的出栏重，计算鹌鹑发病死亡率，料肉比，记录的结果分别如下表1所示。
表1
对照组 实施例一 实施例二
初始样本/只 50 50 50
出栏样本/只 44 49 48
死亡率 12％ 2％ 4％
体重增长率 112％ 151％ 142％
感冒发病率 12％ 4％ 2％
肠炎发病率 16％ 6％ 4％
由上述表1可知，在同一个喂食周期内，含有中药添加剂的饲料喂养，体重增加率更高，出栏率也更高，同时典型发病率显著降低，由此可以看出，在使用带添加剂的鹌鹑饲料时，鹌鹑的生产情况更为良好。
以上详细描述了本发明的较佳具体实施例。应当理解，本领域的普通技术人员无需创造性劳动就可以根据本发明的构思作出诸多修改和变化。因此，凡本技术领域中技术人员依本发明的构思在现有技术的基础上通过逻辑分析、推理或者有限的实验可以得到的技术方案，皆应在由权利要求书所确定的保护范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料，其特征是：按重量份计，包括玉米50-60份，鱼粉10-20份，葵花籽饼3-5份，食盐0.5-1份，豆油3-5份，中药添加剂1-3份，所述中药添加剂包括白芍3-5份，白术2-4份，陈皮1-3份，防风0.5-1份,鸦胆子4-8份，甘草2-6份，青蒿3-8份，穿心莲2-4份，黄连1-2份，鱼腥草1-2份，火炭母1-2份，土牛七根1-4份，岗梅根2-3份，狼毒1-2份，马齿苋2-4份，车前草1-4份，黄皮叶1-3份，鸡屎藤2-3份，半边旗2-6份。
2.如权利要求1所述的含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料，其特征是：按重量份计，包括玉米53份，鱼粉15份，葵花籽饼5份，食盐1份，豆油3份，中药添加剂1.5份。
3.如权利要求1所述的含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料，其特征是：所述中药添加剂包括白芍3.5份，白术2.5份，陈皮1.5份，防风1份,鸦胆子4.5份，甘草4份，青蒿3.5份，穿心莲3份，黄连2份，鱼腥草2份，火炭母2份，土牛七根2份，岗梅根3份，狼毒2份，马齿苋4份，车前草2份，黄皮叶2份鸡屎藤2份，半边旗4份。
4.一种权利要求1-3任一项所述的含含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料的加工方法，其特征是：包括以下步骤：
(1)中药液粗样的制取：分别称取配方量的白芍，白术，防风,鸦胆子，甘草，青蒿，黄连，鱼腥草，土牛七根，岗梅根，狼毒，马齿苋，车前草，黄皮叶，鸡屎藤，半边旗，洗净晾干，通过粉碎机粉碎后，进行萃取，以无水乙醇作为夹带剂，萃取压力为10-15MPA，萃取温度90-100℃，萃取循环10-12H，得中药液粗样；
(2)中药液的精制：向步骤(1)的中药液粗样中加入其体积8-12倍的无水乙醇，搅拌溶解稀释，在70-80℃的温度下回流4-5H,得精制中药液；
(3)中药添加剂的制备：取步骤(2)的中的精制中药液，减压回收乙醇后，将中药液低温蒸发，得乳胶状的中药物质，将乳胶物质放入干燥机内干燥，进风温度为200度-300℃，出风温度90-100℃，得到粉末物质，再向粉末中加入陈皮、穿心莲、火炭母等混合粉碎过100目筛，未过筛部分，反复多次粉碎至完全过筛，将粉末搅拌均匀得中药添加剂；
(4)鹌鹑饲料的配制：按配方称取玉米、鱼粉、麸皮、葵花籽饼、食盐、豆油及步骤(3)制得的中药添加剂，混合搅拌均匀后，加适量水至造粒机造粒，烘干得鹌鹑饲料。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料的加工方法，其特征是：所述步骤(1)中的萃取压力为12MPA,萃取温度为90℃，萃取时间为10.5H。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种含中药添加剂的鹌鹑饲料的加工方法，其特征是：所述的步骤(2)中无水乙醇加入量为中药液粗样体积的8倍，搅拌溶解稀释后在80摄氏度的温度下回流5H,得精制中药液。
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