CN108206616A - Two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines - Google Patents

Two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108206616A
CN108206616A CN201810063221.1A CN201810063221A CN108206616A CN 108206616 A CN108206616 A CN 108206616A CN 201810063221 A CN201810063221 A CN 201810063221A CN 108206616 A CN108206616 A CN 108206616A
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China
Prior art keywords
stator
rotor
core
switched reluctance
reluctance machines
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CN201810063221.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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石镇德
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to CN201810063221.1A priority Critical patent/CN108206616A/en
Publication of CN108206616A publication Critical patent/CN108206616A/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02KDYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/10Synchronous motors for multi-phase current

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines, it includes being coaxially arranged stator assembly and rotor assembly, the stator module includes multiple stator cores, the multiple stator core is in W types or the W types of extension, and include stator core root and the multiple teeth portion extended from the stator core root radially toward the rotor assembly, the total quantity N of the multiple teeth portion is odd number, and N >=3.The weight of motor provided by the present invention significantly reduces, and also significantly reduces the generation of noise and vibration.

Description

Two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines
Technical field
The invention belongs to motor field, specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of lightweight two-phase self-starting switching magnetic-resistance electricity Machine.
Background technology
The structure of traditional two-phase switched reluctance machines is simple, control is easy, and multiple magnetic are both provided on rotor and stator Pole is rotated by the interaction drive shaft between magnetic pole, and then drives the rotor rotation being mounted in shaft.The magnetic of rotor Pole is usually the magnetic pole protruded, two-phase switched reluctance machines in the process of running, when the rotor magnetic pole of protrusion be increasingly closer to it is fixed During sub- magnetic pole, since apparent variation occurs for spacing between the two, cause at runtime can by very big air drag, and And can also cause ear-piercing squeal, vibration caused pulsation, low-frequency vibration and noise when especially low speed is run, as a result Lead to the efficiency and reduced performance of two-phase switched reluctance machines.
In addition, existing two-phase switched reluctance machines do not have self-starting ability.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of lightweight two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines, to reduce the gross weight of motor Amount, and substantially reduce the generation of noise and vibration.
To achieve these goals, the present invention provides a kind of two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines, including coaxially cloth Put stator assembly and rotor assembly, the stator module includes multiple stator cores, the multiple stator core in W types or The W types of extension, and include stator core root and from the stator core root radially toward the rotor assembly Multiple teeth portion of extension, the total quantity N of the multiple teeth portion are odd number, and N >=3.
Optionally, the stator core root axially extends, and the multiple teeth portion is equally spaced in an axial direction.
Optionally, teeth portion wound around coil along a first direction is often separated in the multiple teeth portion, in other teeth portion There is no wound around coil or along the second direction wound around coil opposite with first direction.
Optionally, the rotor assembly includes multiple rotor cores, and the rotor core is in strip.
Optionally, the total quantity of the stator core is 2M+2, and the total quantity of rotor core is M+1, and wherein M is just whole Number.
Optionally, the stator module further includes the stator made of non-magnetic material and installs cylinder, the stator core Be inlaid on stator installation cylinder, the rotor assembly further include be made of non-magnetic material and with the stator mounting cylinder The rotor installation cylinder that body is coaxially arranged, the rotor core are inlaid on the rotor installation cylinder, the rotor assembly For inner rotor core, the inner radial surface of the stator core is flushed with the inner radial surface of stator installation cylinder;It is described The radially-outer surface of rotor core is flushed with the radially-outer surface of rotor installation cylinder.
Optionally, the stator module further includes the stator made of non-magnetic material and installs cylinder, the stator core Be inlaid on stator installation cylinder, the rotor assembly further include be made of non-magnetic material and with the stator mounting cylinder The rotor installation cylinder that body is coaxially arranged, the rotor core are inlaid on the rotor installation cylinder, the rotor assembly For outer-rotor structure, the radially-outer surface of the stator core is flushed with the radially-outer surface of stator installation cylinder, described The inner radial surface of rotor core is flushed with the inner radial surface of rotor installation cylinder.
Optionally, the radial clearance between the rotor assembly and the stator module is constant.
Optionally, the rotor assembly further includes the multigroup secondary iron core being inlaid on the rotor installation cylinder, and every group Secondary iron core is arranged in the side along direction of rotation of each rotor core.
Optionally, multigroup secondary iron core is symmetrical relative to rotation axis.
Optionally, every group in multigroup secondary iron core includes one or more secondary iron cores.
Optionally, the width that outermost teeth portion is in the multiple teeth portion is less than the width of other teeth portion.
Optionally, the radial thickness of the stator core root be the axial width in intermediate teeth portion half or with On.
Optionally, the radial thickness of the rotor core is the half of the axial width in intermediate teeth portion.
Optionally, the line shaft of the stator core and the rotor core is to equal length.
Optionally, the rotor core and the stator core are made of grain-oriented Si steel sheet or non-oriented electrical steel piece.
By setting the W type stator cores of W types or extension, the total weight of stator module and motor can be significantly reduced.Separately Outside, the motor provided can also have self-starting ability.By making the clearance constant of stator module and rotor assembly, so as to The windage that rotor assembly is subject to is substantially reduced, reduces the generation of noise and vibration.
In addition, by the way that stator core and rotor core are inlaid in respectively on respective cylinder, can effectively ensure that and real Radial clearance now between the two is constant, and can simplify the assembling of iron core.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of lightweight two-phase switched reluctance machines shown in FIG. 1;
Fig. 3 is the magnetic circuit schematic diagram of two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of stator module shown in FIG. 1;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of rotor assembly shown in FIG. 1.
Specific embodiment
In order to which those skilled in the art is enable to be better understood from the present invention, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings to the specific reality of the present invention Example is applied to be described in detail.
Referring to Figures 1 and 2, it is (following that a kind of lightweight two-phase switched reluctance machines are provided according to an embodiment of the invention Referred to as motor).The motor may include housing 30 and the stator module being arranged in housing 30 made of non-magnetic material 10 and rotor assembly 20.Rotor assembly 20 separates scheduled radial clearance with stator module 10.Can also it consolidate on rotor assembly 20 Surely there is shaft 40.
Stator module 10 includes multiple stator cores 11, these stator cores 11 can be uniformly distributed in the circumferential.Rotor set Part 20 includes equally distributed multiple rotor cores 21 in the circumferential.For two-phase switched reluctance machines, the number of stator core 11 Amount can be 2M+2, and the quantity of rotor core 21 can be M+1, wherein, M is positive integer.For example, the quantity of stator core 11 can Think 4,6,8,10,12 etc., the quantity of corresponding rotor core 21 can be 2,3,4,5,6 etc..
For ease of description, in the following embodiments, using the quantity of stator core 11 as 4, the quantity of rotor core 21 It is described for being 2.
As shown in Figure 1, four stator cores 11 can be referred to as stator core 11-1,11-2,11-3 and 11-4, stator iron Core 11 is equally spaced in the circumferential, that is, it sets with being separated by 90 degree, wherein, stator core 11-1 and 11-3 is radially Upper opposite, stator core 11-2 and 11-4 is diametrically opposed.In motor operation, stator core 11-1 and 11-3 lead to simultaneously Electricity, stator core 11-2 and 11-4 are powered simultaneously.When stator core 11-1 and 11-3 are powered, stator core 11-2 and 11-4 break Electricity.Similarly, when stator core 11-2 and 11-4 are powered, stator core 11-1 and 11-3 power-off, that is, it is each pair of diametrically Stator core 11 is alternately powered and powers off.
Each stator core 11 can be in W types or the W types of extension.Wherein, the W types stator core of extension can be by multiple companies Continuous W types stator core is formed, and is combined together so as to form integrated single component rather than simple multiple components.It is fixed Sub- iron core 11 may include stator core root 111 and extend from stator core root 111 radially toward rotor assembly 20 or Prominent multiple teeth portion 112, that is, teeth portion 112 is towards rotor assembly 20, and stator core root 111 can axially extend, in axis There is certain length upwards.The quantity N of teeth portion 112 is odd number, and N can be greater than or equal to 3.
Multiple teeth portion 112 can be axially evenly distributed, and adjacent two teeth portion 112 can separate equal spacing. Axial width in outermost two teeth portion is smaller than the axial width of other teeth portion, for example, the axis of outermost teeth portion Can generally be the half of other teeth portion to width.In addition, the radial thickness of stator core root 111 can be located at centre The substantially half of the axial width of teeth portion 112 or more than half, to ensure in motor operation on stator core 11 Magnetic flux on each magnetic circuit is generally equalized.
A teeth portion can be often separated in teeth portion 112 and is wound with coil 13, which can wind around first direction.It is right It, can not wound around coil in other teeth portion.For example, for having the stator there are five teeth portion 112, it can be along a first direction the Wound around coil in 2 and the 4th teeth portion.Certainly, coil can be also wrapped in the 1st, 3 and 5 teeth portion.
It can also be around the second direction wound around coil 14 opposite with first direction in other teeth portion.In an example In, coil can be wound with along the first direction on the 2nd and the 4th teeth portion, and in opposite direction i.e. the in the 3rd teeth portion Two direction wound around coil 14, as shown in Figure 3 so that when the coil on the 2nd and the 4th teeth portion is powered, motor can be used as electricity Motivation or motor running, and when the coil in only the 3rd teeth portion is powered, motor can be used as generator operation.In this way, motor is just There can be two kinds of operation modes of motor and generator, so as to expand motor application range.
Two rotor cores 21 of the rotor assembly 20 of motor can diametrically opposite be set, and can be in strip, in order to Convenient for description, rotor core 21 can be referred to as to rotor core 21-1 and 21-2.The radial thickness of rotor core 21 can be substantially On be the axial width in intermediate teeth portion 112 half.Total axial length of rotor core 21 can be essentially equal to stator Total axial length of iron core 11.
As shown in figure 3, since stator core 11 is in the W types of extension, it is possible in rotor core 21 and stator core 11 Between form a plurality of magnetic circuit, so as to relative in the prior art have identical size stator and rotor, generated total magnetic flux Amount significantly increases.Therefore, motor the output phase when torque when, the radial dimension of stator core 11 and rotor core 21 can be made Reduce, for example, the radial dimension of stator core root 111 can be reduced.In this case it is also possible to it is substantially reduced stator Total weight, and then the total weight of motor is reduced, so as to fulfill the lightweight of motor.In the case where structure size allows, stator The quantity of the teeth portion 112 of iron core 11 is more, is more conducive to make the radial dimension of stator core 11 and rotor core 21 thinning, so as to Make iron core total weight and motor total weight it is smaller.
In one embodiment, stator module 10 may also include the stator made of non-magnetic material and install cylinder 12, turn Sub-component 20 may also include the rotor equally made of non-magnetic material and install cylinder 22, the two installation cylinders can be coaxially Setting.Magnetic force loses in order to prevent, and housing 30, stator installation cylinder 12 and the rotor installation cylinder 22 of motor can be closed by magnalium The non-magnetic materials such as gold, fibre reinforced resin are made.
Stator core 11 can be embedded in or be embedded on stator installation cylinder 12, as shown in Figure 2.Stator installation cylinder 12 can be big It causes as thin-wall barrel, and offers multiple openings on it, to accommodate stator core 11, as shown in Figure 4.Rotor core 21 can class As be embedded in or be embedded in stator installation cylinder 12 be coaxially arranged rotor installation cylinder 22 on, as shown in Figure 2.In rotor Can be opened up on installation cylinder 22 it is fluted, to accommodate rotor core 21 and secondary iron core 23 which will be described, as shown in Figure 5. Rotor installation cylinder 22 can have certain radial thickness, and shaft 40 can be fitted in rotor installation cylinder 22.In order to reduce The total weight of motor in the case where ensureing installation strength, can process multiple grooves, to reduce certainly on rotor installation cylinder 22 The weight of body.
In the case where two-phase switched reluctance machines is inner rotor cores, the inner radial surface of stator core 11 is (that is, teeth portion 112 inner radial surface) can generally with stator installation cylinder 12 inner radial surface flush, the two is in same curved surface On, and the radially-outer surface of rotor core 21 can be flushed with the radially-outer surface of rotor installation cylinder 22, and the two can be at together On one curved surface.Furthermore it is also possible to make the radially-outer surface (that is, radially-outer surface of stator core root 111) of stator core 11 Radially-outer surface generally with stator installation cylinder 12 flushes, and the two is on same curved surface.That is, stator core 11 are fully encased into stator installs cylinder 12.
In the case where two-phase switched reluctance machines is outer-rotor structures, the radially-outer surface of stator core 11 can be generally It is flushed with the radially-outer surface of stator installation cylinder 12, the two is on same curved surface, and the diameter of rotor core 21 is inside The inner radial surface that surface can install cylinder 22 with rotor flushes, and the two can be on same curved surface.Furthermore it is also possible to make rotor Radially-outer surface of the radially-outer surface of iron core 21 generally with rotor installation cylinder 22 flushes, and the two is in same curved surface On.That is, rotor core 21 is fully encased into rotor installs cylinder 22.
In both cases, due to stator install cylinder 12 and rotor installation cylinder 22 be coaxially disposed, the two it Between radial clearance it is less constant.Therefore, in stator core 11 and rotor core 21 radially facing radial surface each other With it is respective installation cylinder radial surface all flush or on same curved surface in the case of, stator module 10 and rotor set Facing radial surface is generally all smooth curved surface to part 20, and stator module 10 and rotor assembly each other radially Radial clearance G between 20 is also less constant, without changing with the operating of motor, so as to reduce rotor set The windage that part 20 is subject to when rotated, and it also is able to significantly reduce the generation of noise and vibration by constant gap.
The quantity multigroup secondary iron core 23 equal with the quantity of rotor core 21 can be also embedded on rotor installation cylinder 22. That is, rotor core 21 and secondary iron core 23 are arranged in pairs.Every group of pair iron core 23 is arranged in the edge rotation side of each rotor core 21 To side.That is, every group of pair iron core 23 is arranged in the same side of respective rotor core 21.
Every group of pair iron core 23 may include one or more secondary iron cores 23.It is adjacent in the case of including multiple secondary iron cores 23 Secondary iron core 23 can be separated by scheduled spacing.In addition, secondary iron core 23 makes what is be arranged symmetrically relative to rotation axis, so that motor Always it is in dynamically balanced state.
For example, for two-phase switched reluctance machines, two groups of pair iron cores 23, this two groups of pairs are embedded on rotor installation cylinder 22 Iron core 23 can claim toward each other radially.For ease of description, this two groups of pair iron cores 23 can be referred to as secondary iron core 23-1 and 23-2.Every group of pair iron core 23 can be at the side of respective rotor core 21 or closer to respective rotor core 21, such as Shown in Fig. 1.
Above-mentioned rotor core 21 and stator core 11 can be formed by stacking by multi-disc silicon steel sheet, these silicon steel sheets may be used non- The grain-oriented Si steel sheet and higher grain-oriented Si steel sheet of magnetic permeability, Fe-based amorphous alloy or nanometer crystal alloy are made.Specifically, exist Punching press can be used during making to make silicon steel sheet.When using grain-oriented Si steel sheet manufacture iron core, stator core 11 can be made radially On magnetic flux larger, and make the magnetic flux of rotor core 21 vertically larger.By using materials such as grain-oriented Si steel sheets Material since the magnetic permeability of its own is higher, helps further to reduce the size of stator core 11 and rotor core 21, from And further realize the lightweight of motor.
The operation of motor provided by the present invention is specifically described below.
When the coil on stator core 11-1 and 11-3 is powered, motor is generally in state as shown in Figure 1.When fixed When coil blackout on sub- iron core 11-1 and 11-3 and the coil on stator core 11-2 and 11-4 are powered, because secondary iron core 23 In the presence of forming short magnetic between stator core 11-2 and secondary iron core 23-1 and between stator core 11-4 and secondary iron core 23-2 Road drives rotor assembly 20 to rotate clockwise, so as to provide self-starting ability for motor.When rotor core 21-1 and 21-2 are rotated To respectively with stator core 11-2 and 11-4 radially aligned when, the coil blackout on stator core 11-2 and 11-4 gives simultaneously Coil on sub- iron core 11-1 and 11-3 is powered, similarly, between stator core 11-1 and secondary iron core 23-2 and stator iron Short magnetic circuit is formed between core 11-3 and secondary iron core 23-1, continues that rotor assembly 20 is driven to rotate clockwise.As rotor core 21-1 When turning to respectively with stator core 11-1 and 11-3 radially aligned with 21-2, state shown in FIG. 1 is just returned to, then with similar Mode be powered by turns to the coil on one group of opposite stator core 11 successively with scheduled frequency and power-off and drive and turn Sub-component 20 continues to rotate, and so as to which shaft 40 be driven to rotate, and then converts electric energy to mechanical energy.
In motor operation course, since stator core 11 is used as independent component to be inlaid on stator installation cylinder 12 and turns Sub- iron core 21 and secondary iron core 23 are equally inlaid in as independent component on rotor installation cylinder 22, thus in stator module 10 with turning Clearance G between sub-component 20 is constant all the time, and mutation or gradual change may be not present, and is subject to so as to significantly reducing rotor assembly 20 Air drag, and also be able to significantly reduce vibration and noise, without because squeal occurs for gap mutation.
By the embodiment of the present invention, following technique effect can use to obtain:It, can be with by setting the W type stator cores of extension Identical magnetic flux is formed between stator core and rotor core in the case where setting thinner stator core, so as to The total weight of stator module, rotor assembly and motor is significantly reduced, the total weight of iron core generally can be relative to existing motor Iron core reduces the weight of 70%-80%;Motor can have self-starting ability;Gap by making stator module and rotor assembly is permanent It is fixed, so as to substantially reduce the windage that rotor is subject to, reduce the generation of noise and vibration.
Two-phase switched reluctance machines according to the present invention can be applied to various home appliances, for example, refrigerator, washing machine, sky In the equipment such as tune.Alternatively, various other electrically driven (operated) devices of any need can also be applied to.
The specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail above, although having show and described some implementations Example, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that not departing from the present invention's defined by the claims and their equivalents It in the case of principle and spirit, can modify to these embodiments and perfect, these are changed and improve also should be in the present invention Protection domain in.

Claims (11)

1. a kind of two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines, including being coaxially arranged stator assembly and rotor assembly, feature exists In the stator module includes multiple stator cores, and the multiple stator core is in W types or the W types of extension, and include Stator core root and the multiple teeth portion extended from the stator core root radially toward the rotor assembly are described more The total quantity N of a teeth portion is odd number, and N >=3.
2. two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines according to claim 1, which is characterized in that stator core root edge It is axially extending, and the multiple teeth portion is equally spaced in an axial direction.
3. two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines according to claim 1, which is characterized in that every in the multiple teeth portion Separate teeth portion wound around coil along a first direction, do not have in other teeth portion wound around coil or along with first direction phase Anti- second direction wound around coil.
4. two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the rotor assembly includes more A rotor core, the rotor core are in strip.
5. two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the sum of the stator core It measures as 2M+2, the total quantity of rotor core is M+1, and wherein M is positive integer.
6. two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the stator module further includes Stator installs cylinder made of non-magnetic material, and the stator core is inlaid on the stator installation cylinder, the rotor Component, which is further included, to be made of non-magnetic material and installs cylinder with the rotor that is coaxially arranged of stator installation cylinder, described turn Sub- iron core is inlaid on the rotor installation cylinder, and the rotor assembly is inner rotor core, and the diameter of the stator core is inside Surface is flushed with the inner radial surface of stator installation cylinder;The radially-outer surface of the rotor core is installed with the rotor The radially-outer surface of cylinder flushes.
7. two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the stator module further includes Stator installs cylinder made of non-magnetic material, and the stator core is inlaid on the stator installation cylinder, the rotor Component, which is further included, to be made of non-magnetic material and installs cylinder with the rotor that is coaxially arranged of stator installation cylinder, described turn Sub- iron core is inlaid on the rotor installation cylinder, and the rotor assembly is outer-rotor structure, and the diameter of the stator core is outside Surface is flushed with the radially-outer surface of stator installation cylinder, and the inner radial surface of the rotor core is installed with the rotor The inner radial surface of cylinder flushes.
8. two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines according to any one of claim 1 to 7, which is characterized in that described turn Radial clearance between sub-component and the stator module is constant.
9. two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the rotor assembly further includes The multigroup secondary iron core being inlaid on the rotor installation cylinder, and every group of pair iron core is arranged in the edge rotation side of each rotor core To side.
10. two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines according to claim 9, which is characterized in that multigroup secondary iron core phase It is symmetrical for rotation axis.
11. two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines according to claim 9, which is characterized in that in multigroup secondary iron core Every group include one or more secondary iron cores.
CN201810063221.1A 2018-01-23 2018-01-23 Two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines Withdrawn CN108206616A (en)

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CN201810063221.1A CN108206616A (en) 2018-01-23 2018-01-23 Two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109687610A (en) * 2019-01-25 2019-04-26 石镇德 Switched reluctance machines

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWM281343U (en) * 2005-06-08 2005-11-21 Pro Weal Counter Corp Stepping motor having stator with insulated core and indication device adopting the same
CN102130558A (en) * 2010-01-13 2011-07-20 株式会社安川电机 Rotating electrical machine
CN102280985A (en) * 2011-08-26 2011-12-14 东南大学 Redundant excitation dual-armature-winding multi-phase flux switching type motor
US20130026864A1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2013-01-31 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Traversal switched reluctance motor
CN106685173A (en) * 2015-11-10 2017-05-17 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 Brushless direct current motor and stator and armature thereof
CN207766122U (en) * 2018-01-23 2018-08-24 石镇德 Two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWM281343U (en) * 2005-06-08 2005-11-21 Pro Weal Counter Corp Stepping motor having stator with insulated core and indication device adopting the same
CN102130558A (en) * 2010-01-13 2011-07-20 株式会社安川电机 Rotating electrical machine
US20130026864A1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2013-01-31 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Traversal switched reluctance motor
CN102280985A (en) * 2011-08-26 2011-12-14 东南大学 Redundant excitation dual-armature-winding multi-phase flux switching type motor
CN106685173A (en) * 2015-11-10 2017-05-17 德昌电机(深圳)有限公司 Brushless direct current motor and stator and armature thereof
CN207766122U (en) * 2018-01-23 2018-08-24 石镇德 Two-phase self-starting switched reluctance machines

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109687610A (en) * 2019-01-25 2019-04-26 石镇德 Switched reluctance machines
WO2020151606A1 (en) * 2019-01-25 2020-07-30 石镇德 Switched reluctance motor

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Application publication date: 20180626