CN108196405A - Liquid crystal phase shifter and electronic device - Google Patents
Liquid crystal phase shifter and electronic device Download PDFInfo
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- CN108196405A CN108196405A CN201810035369.4A CN201810035369A CN108196405A CN 108196405 A CN108196405 A CN 108196405A CN 201810035369 A CN201810035369 A CN 201810035369A CN 108196405 A CN108196405 A CN 108196405A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1343—Electrodes
- G02F1/134309—Electrodes characterised by their geometrical arrangement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1345—Conductors connecting electrodes to cell terminals
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- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
A kind of liquid crystal phase shifter and electronic device, the liquid crystal phase shifter include first substrate, second substrate and liquid crystal layer.The first substrate includes first surface, the first electrode set on the first surface and the first conducting structure for being arranged on the first electrode at least side along the extending direction of the first electrode in the first substrate, first conducting structure and is electrically connected with the first electrode.The second substrate is oppositely arranged with the first substrate.The second substrate includes the second surface towards the first substrate and the second electrode set on the second surface.The liquid crystal layer is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, and Chong Die with the first electrode and the second electrode.The liquid crystal phase shifter has low loss characteristic, and manufacture is at low cost, easy to process, has a wide range of application.
Description
Technical field
Embodiment of the disclosure is related to a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter and electronic device.
Background technology
Phase shifter is a kind of device that can be adjusted to the phase of wave, in radar system, mobile communication system, microwave
The fields such as measurement have a wide range of applications.Phase shifter can make the Phase Continuation or discontinuous of signal in adjustment circuit parameter
Variation, the amplitude without changing signal, i.e. signal can pass through without distortion, and only phase is changed.The phase shifter of early stage
For mechanical analog phase shifter, with the development of technology, electronic phase shifter comes into being, and gradually to miniaturization, it is highly integrated
Degree development.
In recent years, liquid crystal phase shifter has obtained extensively and in-depth study as a kind of novel phase shifter.Liquid crystal phase shift
Device is using liquid crystal material as regulation and control medium, by changing control of the microwave transmission constant realization to output phase.Liquid crystal phase shifter
It can realize there is that phase shift degree is big, operating voltage is low, small etc. excellent based on the structure types such as coaxial line structure or waveguiding structure
Point plays an important roll wireless communication intelligent networking, promotion existing wireless communications system capability.
Invention content
At least one embodiment of the disclosure provides a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter, including：First substrate, including first surface,
It the first electrode that is set on the first surface and is set in the first substrate along the extending direction of the first electrode
The first conducting structure in the first electrode at least side, wherein, first conducting structure is electrically connected with the first electrode
It connects；Second substrate is oppositely arranged with the first substrate and including the second surface towards the first substrate and described
The second electrode set on second surface；Liquid crystal layer is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, and with it is described
First electrode and second electrode overlapping.
For example, in the liquid crystal phase shifter provided in one embodiment of the disclosure, the second substrate further includes：Second conduction knot
Structure, in the second substrate along the extending direction of the second electrode be arranged on the second electrode at least side and with it is described
Second electrode is electrically connected.
For example, in the liquid crystal phase shifter provided in one embodiment of the disclosure, first conducting structure and/or described second
Conducting structure is metal tape or the multiple metallic vias for being arranged as at least a line.
For example, in the liquid crystal phase shifter provided in one embodiment of the disclosure, first conducting structure runs through described first
Substrate；Alternatively, second conducting structure runs through the second substrate.
For example, include in the liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides：Liquid crystal accommodates substrate, is arranged on described first
On substrate, and with the inside fill area Chong Die with the first electrode；Wherein, the liquid crystal layer is arranged on the internal filling
Qu Zhong.
For example, include voltage biasing structure in the liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides, wherein, the voltage biasing structure edge
The extending direction of the liquid crystal layer is arranged on the both sides of the liquid crystal layer, and is configured to the first bias voltage source of connection with to described
Liquid crystal layer provides bias field.
For example, in the liquid crystal phase shifter provided in one embodiment of the disclosure, the voltage biasing structure is metal tape or is arranged as
At least multiple metallic vias of a line.
For example, in the liquid crystal phase shifter provided in one embodiment of the disclosure, the voltage biasing structure is is arranged as at least a line
Multiple metallic vias, the liquid crystal phase shifter includes at least one metal strip, and the metal strip covers the multiple metal mistake
It hole and is electrically connected with the multiple metallic vias.
For example, include at least one loss reducing structure in the liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides, wherein, it is described to subtract
Damage structure be arranged on the first electrode, the second electrode, the liquid crystal layer at least one of at least side, and edge
The extending direction distribution of the first electrode, the second electrode or the liquid crystal layer.
For example, in the liquid crystal phase shifter provided in one embodiment of the disclosure, the loss reducing structure is non-metallic layer or arrangement
It is multiple nonmetallic vias of at least a line.
For example, in the liquid crystal phase shifter provided in one embodiment of the disclosure, positioned at the first electrode, the second electrode
Or the loss reducing structure of the same side of the liquid crystal layer, interlaced with each other on the direction of the first substrate plate face or
It is in alignment with each other.
For example, in the liquid crystal phase shifter provided in one embodiment of the disclosure, air, nitrogen are filled in the nonmetallic via
Gas, hydrogen or foamed material.
For example, in the liquid crystal phase shifter provided in one embodiment of the disclosure, the first electrode and the second electrode are matched
The second bias voltage source of connection is set to provide bias field to the liquid crystal layer.
For example, in the liquid crystal phase shifter provided in one embodiment of the disclosure, the first electrode and the second electrode are
Straight line or arch broken line.
For example, include the first both alignment layers and the second both alignment layers in the liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides, wherein,
First both alignment layers are arranged between the first electrode and the liquid crystal layer, and second both alignment layers are arranged on described second
Between electrode and the liquid crystal layer.
At least one embodiment of the disclosure also provides a kind of electronic device, including the liquid crystal described in disclosure any embodiment
Phase shifter.
Description of the drawings
In order to illustrate more clearly of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present disclosure, will simply be situated between to the attached drawing of embodiment below
It continues, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description merely relates to some embodiments of the present disclosure rather than the limitation to the disclosure.
Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic cross-section of a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides；
Fig. 2 is the floor map of the first substrate of liquid crystal phase shifter as shown in Figure 1 that one embodiment of the disclosure provides；
Fig. 3 is the diagrammatic cross-section of a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides；
Fig. 4 is the floor map of the first substrate of liquid crystal phase shifter as shown in Figure 3 that one embodiment of the disclosure provides；
Fig. 5 is the diagrammatic cross-section of a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides；
Fig. 6 is the diagrammatic cross-section of another liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides；
Fig. 7 is the diagrammatic cross-section of another liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides；
Fig. 8 is that the plane of the liquid crystal receiving substrate for the liquid crystal phase shifter as shown in Figure 7 that one embodiment of the disclosure provides is shown
It is intended to；
Fig. 9 is the diagrammatic cross-section of a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides；
Figure 10 is that the plane of the liquid crystal receiving substrate for the liquid crystal phase shifter as shown in Figure 9 that one embodiment of the disclosure provides is shown
It is intended to；
Figure 11 is the diagrammatic cross-section of a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides；
Figure 12 is the plane signal for the first substrate of liquid crystal phase shifter as shown in figure 11 that one embodiment of the disclosure provides
Figure；
Figure 13 is the diagrammatic cross-section of a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides；
Figure 14 A are the plane signal for the first substrate of the phase shifter of liquid crystal as shown in fig. 13 that one embodiment of the disclosure provides
Figure；
Figure 14 B are that the liquid crystal for the phase shifter of liquid crystal as shown in fig. 13 that one embodiment of the disclosure provides accommodates the plane of substrate
Schematic diagram；
Figure 15 is the loss characteristic simulation curve of liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides；
Figure 16 is the floor map of the first substrate of a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides；And
Figure 17 is the block diagram of a kind of electronic device that one embodiment of the disclosure provides.
Specific embodiment
Purpose, technical scheme and advantage to make the embodiment of the present disclosure are clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present disclosure
Attached drawing, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present disclosure is clearly and completely described.Obviously, described embodiment is this public affairs
The part of the embodiment opened, instead of all the embodiments.Based on described embodiment of the disclosure, ordinary skill
Personnel's all other embodiments obtained under the premise of without creative work belong to the range of disclosure protection.
Unless otherwise defined, the technical term or scientific terminology that the disclosure uses, which are should be in disclosure fields, to be had
The ordinary meaning that the personage for having general technical ability is understood." first ", " second " and the similar word used in the disclosure is simultaneously
It does not indicate that any sequence, quantity or importance, and is used only to distinguish different component parts.Equally, "one", " one " or
The similar word such as person's "the" does not indicate that quantity limits yet, but represents that there are at least one." comprising " or "comprising" etc. are similar
Word mean to occur element before the word either object cover the element for appearing in the word presented hereinafter or object and its
It is equivalent, and it is not excluded for other elements or object.The similar word such as " connection " or " connected " be not limited to physics or
The connection of person's machinery, but electrical connection can be included, it is either directly or indirect." on ", " under ", " left side ",
" right side " etc. is only used for representing relative position relation, after the absolute position for being described object changes, then the relative position relation
May correspondingly it change.
Liquid crystal phase shifter can generate insertion loss in use, mainly include spillage of material caused by liquid crystal material, be used for
Metal loss that the metallic signal lines of transmission microwave signal are brought, for encapsulating and support the medium of liquid crystal phase shifter circuit to cause
Dielectric loss and the radiation loss etc. that generates of potential electromagnetic radiation.The technological difficulties of liquid crystal phase shifter design be how
Realize low loss characteristic (for example, under conditions of 360 degree of phase shift abilities are ensured).The liquid crystal phase shift realized based on coaxial line structure
Device has low loss characteristic in theory, but since coaxial line internal and external conductor spacing is larger, the recovery time of liquid crystal is very long, because
And lose practical application meaning.Based on the liquid crystal phase shifter also low loss characteristic easy to implement in theory that waveguiding structure is realized,
But waveguiding structure is an equipotentiality body in itself, can not apply bias voltage or bias magnetic field to the liquid crystal material of its inside, need
The control that magnetic field control mechanism realization to be relied on to be directed toward liquid crystal molecule.This magnetic field control mechanism volume is big, weight weight, it is difficult to
It is integrated, therefore its application scenarios (such as mobile terminal) is extremely restricted.While practical value is ensured, how to reduce slotting
Enter loss, be liquid crystal phase shifter development in problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
A disclosure at least embodiment provides a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter and electronic device.By being added in liquid crystal phase shifter
Conducting structure, so as to which liquid crystal phase shifter be made to have low loss characteristic, and manufacture is at low cost, easy to process, has a wide range of application.
A disclosure at least embodiment provides a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter, including first substrate, liquid crystal layer and second electrode.Institute
It states first substrate and includes first surface, the first electrode set on the first surface and in the first substrate along institute
The extending direction for stating first electrode is arranged on the first conducting structure of the first electrode at least side, first conducting structure
It is electrically connected with the first electrode.The liquid crystal layer be arranged on the first surface of the first substrate and with the first electrode
Overlapping.The second electrode setting is on the liquid crystal layer and Chong Die with the liquid crystal layer.
A disclosure at least embodiment provides a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter, including first substrate, second substrate and liquid crystal layer.Institute
It states first substrate and includes first surface, the first electrode set on the first surface and in the first substrate along institute
The extending direction for stating first electrode is arranged on the first conducting structure of the first electrode at least side, first conducting structure
It is electrically connected with the first electrode.The second substrate is oppositely arranged with the first substrate.The second substrate includes direction
The second surface of the first substrate and the second electrode set on the second surface.The liquid crystal layer is arranged on described
Between first substrate and the second substrate, and it is Chong Die with the first electrode and the second electrode.
In the following, embodiment of the disclosure will be described in detail with reference made to the accompanying drawings.It should be noted that in different drawings,
The identical element that identical reference numeral will describe for reference.
Fig. 1 is the diagrammatic cross-section of a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides, and Fig. 2 is implemented for the disclosure one
The floor map of the first substrate for the liquid crystal phase shifter as shown in Figure 1 that example provides.With reference to figure 1 and Fig. 2, the liquid crystal phase shifter
Including first substrate 110, second substrate 120, first electrode 130, the first conducting structure 140, liquid crystal layer 150 and second electrode
160.It is to be herein pointed out the floor map of Fig. 2 is only the schematic top plan view of part planar, such as first substrate
110 are shown in figure to be connected to each other except part and are integrated.
First substrate 110 and second substrate 120 are oppositely arranged, can also be further the effects that playing support, protection, insulate
For avoiding electromagnetism leaked wave to reduce the radiation loss of liquid crystal phase shifter.For example, first substrate 110 and second substrate 120 can
Think printed circuit board (Printed Circuit Board, PCB), therefore PCB technology progress may be used in the liquid crystal phase shifter
Processing, reduces manufacture cost.Printed circuit board is such as may be used plastic base, ceramic substrate.First substrate 110 includes
First surface 111, second substrate 120 include second surface 121, and first surface 111 is with second surface 121 perpendicular to the first base
It is overlapped on the direction of 110 plate face of plate.
First electrode 130 is arranged on first surface 111, and second electrode 160 is arranged on second surface 121.First electricity
Pole 130 and second electrode 160 form difference transmission lines, for providing transmission channel for microwave signal.First electrode 130 and second
Electrode 160 is overlapped on the direction of 110 plate face of first substrate.First electrode 130 can weigh completely with second electrode 160
It is folded, it can also partly overlap, embodiment of the disclosure is not restricted this.For example, in one example, 130 He of first electrode
The shape of second electrode 160 and area all same, the two is completely overlapped to form symmetrical structure, to reduce insertion loss.
For example, first electrode 130 and second electrode 160 can be metallic signal lines, the length and width of metallic signal lines
It can be depending on actual demand, for example, depending on the size of phase shift degree and liquid crystal phase shifter.First electrode 130 and second
The material of electrode 160 can be copper, aluminium, gold, silver or its alloy, or other applicable conductive materials.First electrode 130
It is unrestricted with the shape of second electrode 160, can be the arbitrary shapes such as straight line, broken line, curve.For example, in one example,
First electrode 130 and second electrode 160 are linear, thus simple in structure, easy to process.For example, in another example, the
One electrode 130 and second electrode 160 are arch broken line (for example, S fonts or zigzag) etc., so as to shorten the vertical of liquid crystal phase shifter
To length, miniaturization is helped to realize.
In this embodiment, first electrode 130 and second electrode 160 constitute inversion microstrip line construction, but the disclosure
Embodiment is without being limited thereto, and first electrode 130 and second electrode 160 can also use conventional microstrip cable architecture, suspended mictrostrip knot
Structure etc..
First conducting structure 140 is used to reduce the insertion loss of liquid crystal phase shifter.First conducting structure 140 is arranged on first
In substrate 110, and the both sides of first electrode 130 are arranged on along the extending direction of first electrode 130, and with 130 electricity of first electrode
Connection.Shape, the size all same of the first conducting structure 140 of 130 both sides of first electrode are arranged on, to form symmetrical structure,
Further reduce insertion loss.Certainly, embodiment of the disclosure is without being limited thereto, and the first conducting structure 140 can also be positioned only at
The arbitrary side of first electrode 130 or be arranged on 130 both sides of first electrode the first conducting structure 140 shape, size
It can be different from each other.
For example, the shape of the first conducting structure 140, which is the metal tape extended along first electrode 130, (is referred to as metal
Wall).Certainly, embodiment of the disclosure is without being limited thereto, and the shape of the first conducting structure 140 can also be to be arranged as at least a line
Multiple metallic vias, or other applicable shapes.The metal material filled in metal tape or metallic vias can be with
The material identical of one electrode 130, can also be different.First conducting structure 140, which can run through, to be arranged on first substrate 110,
Can be not through first substrate 110, embodiment of the disclosure is not restricted this.For example, in one example, the first conduction knot
Structure 140 is set as groove or blind hole, and metal material is filled in groove or blind hole, and this mode can be using precious metal
Material time material saving, reduces cost, and the insulating element that can also do not need to be additional can ensure microwave signal and ambient enviroment
Be dielectrically separated from.In order to be formed for via, groove or the blind hole of the first conducting structure 140, etching, mechanical processing may be used
(such as drilling) mode；After metal material is filled in via, groove or blind hole, in order to obtain flat surfaces, it can adopt
With techniques such as chemically mechanical polishings (Chemical Mechanical Polishing, CMP).
Liquid crystal layer 150 is arranged between first electrode 130 and second electrode 160, and with first electrode 130 and second electrode
160 overlappings.For example, liquid crystal layer 150, using the big single liquid crystal material of anisotropy, such as nematic liquid crystal etc. can also use
Mixed liquid crystal material (mixed crystal) as long as it can play required function, is not construed as limiting this embodiment of the disclosure.
The thickness of liquid crystal layer 150 can be depending on actual demand, for example, according to response depending on the requirement of time and insertion loss.Liquid
The cavities seals that crystal layer 150 is made up of first substrate 110, first electrode 130 and second electrode 160 reveal to prevent stopping leak.When
So, embodiment of the disclosure is without being limited thereto, in first substrate 110, the shape of first electrode 130 and second electrode 160 and opposite
When position changes, liquid crystal leakage can also be prevented using modes such as frame adhesive sealings.
Fig. 3 is the diagrammatic cross-section of a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides, and Fig. 4 is implemented for the disclosure one
The floor map of the first substrate for the liquid crystal phase shifter as shown in Figure 3 that example provides.With reference to figure 3 and Fig. 4, in addition to the first conduction
It the shape of structure 140 and still further comprises outside the second conducting structure 170, the liquid crystal phase shifter of the embodiment in Fig. 1 with retouching
The liquid crystal phase shifter stated is substantially the same.It is to be herein pointed out the floor map of Fig. 4 is only the vertical view of part planar
Schematic diagram, such as first substrate 110 are shown in figure to be connected to each other except part and be integrated.
In this embodiment, the first conducting structure 140 is is distributed in 130 both sides of first electrode and is arranged as a line respectively
Multiple metallic vias.This mode can save material, reduce cost.Certainly, embodiment of the disclosure is without being limited thereto, and first passes
Guide structure 140 can also be the metallic vias for being arranged as multirow, and the line number for being distributed in the metallic vias of 130 both sides of first electrode can
With identical, can also be different.The size of metallic vias and the spacing of via can be depending on actual demands.For example, at one
In example, in order to reduce insertion loss, the radius of metallic vias is less than 1mm, and the edge spacing of adjacent via is again smaller than 1mm.
It should be noted that in the presently disclosed embodiments, the size of metallic vias and the spacing of via can determine respectively, each other it
Between onrelevant.Metallic vias can with equidistantly distributed, can not also equidistantly distributed, embodiment of the disclosure do not make this
Limitation.The quantity of via can be depending on actual demand.For example, the quantity of via can be equal to the length of first electrode 130
With the ratio of the spacing of via.The shape of via is unrestricted, can be the arbitrary shapes such as circle, rectangle, hexagon.
Second conducting structure 170 can further reduce the insertion loss of liquid crystal phase shifter.Second conducting structure 170 is arranged on
In second substrate 120, and the both sides of second electrode 160, and and second electrode are arranged on along the extending direction of second electrode 160
160 electrical connections.Shape, the size all same of the second conducting structure 170 of 160 both sides of second electrode are arranged on, it is symmetrical to form
Structure further reduces insertion loss.Certainly, embodiment of the disclosure is without being limited thereto, and the second conducting structure 170 can also only be set
It puts in the shape of the arbitrary side of second electrode 160 or the second conducting structure 170 for being arranged on 160 both sides of second electrode, greatly
It is small can also be different from each other.
For example, the shape of the second conducting structure 170, which is the metal tape extended along second electrode 160, (is referred to as metal
Wall).Certainly, embodiment of the disclosure is without being limited thereto, and the shape of the second conducting structure 170 can also be to be arranged as at least a line
Multiple metallic vias, or other applicable shapes.The metal material filled in metal tape or metallic vias can be with
The material identical of two electrodes 160, can also be different.The shape of second conducting structure 170 can be with the shape of the first conducting structure 140
Shape is identical, can also be different.Second conducting structure 170, which can run through, to be arranged on second substrate 120, can not also run through second
Substrate 120, embodiment of the disclosure is not restricted this.When the second conducting structure 170 is multiple gold for being arranged as at least a line
It is related to the first conducting structure 140 special about features such as the size of metallic vias, spacing, distribution form, shapes when belonging to via
Levy similar, details are not described herein again.
Fig. 5 is the diagrammatic cross-section of a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides.With reference to figure 5, in addition to second
The set-up mode of conducting structure 170 does not include the first conducting structure 140 and further comprises the first both alignment layers 181 and second
Outside both alignment layers 182, the liquid crystal phase shifter of the embodiment is substantially the same with the liquid crystal phase shifter described in Fig. 3.
In this embodiment, the second conducting structure 170 is set as blind hole, and metal material is filled in blind hole.This side
Formula can use precious metal material time material saving, reduce cost, the insulating element that can also do not need to be additional can be protected
Card microwave signal and ambient enviroment are dielectrically separated from.Certainly, embodiment of the disclosure is without being limited thereto, and the second conducting structure 170 is also
Could be provided as groove or other not through second substrate 120 shape.
The liquid crystal phase shifter of the embodiment does not include the first conducting structure 140.It should be noted that each implementation of the disclosure
In example, the first conducting structure 140 and the second conducting structure 170 can be included simultaneously, the first conducting structure 140 can also be only included
With any one among the second conducting structure 170.
First both alignment layers 181 are arranged between first electrode 130 and liquid crystal layer 150, and the second both alignment layers 182 are arranged on second
Between electrode 160 and liquid crystal layer 150.First both alignment layers 181 and the second both alignment layers 182 are used to control the preset deflection of liquid crystal molecule
Direction, such as the organic materials such as polyimides (Polyimide, PI) may be used and match to form the first both alignment layers 181 and second
To layer 182, and the modes such as friction, illumination may be used and be processed, handle to obtain orientation characteristic.Certainly, the disclosure
Embodiment is without being limited thereto, can also use the preset deflection direction of other component or device control liquid crystal molecule.
Fig. 6 is the diagrammatic cross-section of another liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides.With reference to figure 6, in addition to also
Further comprise that liquid crystal is accommodated outside substrate 190, the liquid crystal phase shifter described in the liquid crystal phase shifter and Fig. 3 of the embodiment is substantially
It is identical.In this embodiment, liquid crystal accommodates substrate 190 and is arranged between first substrate 110 and second substrate 120.Liquid crystal accommodates
Substrate 190 includes internal fill area 191.Internal fill area 191 is be overlapped with first electrode 130 and second electrode 160.Liquid crystal layer
150 are arranged in internal fill area 191.This mode can simplify the shape of first substrate 110, easy to process.For example, liquid crystal
It can be pcb board to accommodate substrate 190.Pcb board is such as may be used plastic base, ceramic substrate.
Fig. 7 is the diagrammatic cross-section of another liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides, and Fig. 8 is real for the disclosure one
The liquid crystal for applying the liquid crystal phase shifter as shown in Figure 7 of example offer accommodates the floor map of substrate.With reference to figure 7 and Fig. 8, in addition to also
Further comprise outside voltage biasing structure 200, the first bias voltage source 230 and the second bias voltage source 240, the liquid crystal of the embodiment moves
Phase device is substantially the same with the liquid crystal phase shifter described in Fig. 6.It is to be herein pointed out the floor map of Fig. 8 is only
The schematic top plan view of part planar, such as liquid crystal receiving substrate 190 are shown in figure to be connected to each other except part and be integrated.
In this embodiment, voltage biasing structure 200 is arranged on liquid crystal and accommodates on substrate 190, and along the extension side of liquid crystal layer 150
To the both sides for being distributed in liquid crystal layer 150.Voltage biasing structure 200 is configured to the first bias voltage source 230 of connection to be carried to liquid crystal layer 150
For the bias field of first direction.For example, voltage biasing structure 200 can pass through the electric lead being arranged on except liquid crystal phase shifter and
One bias voltage source 230 is electrically connected.First direction is parallel with the direction of 110 plate face of first substrate.130 and second electricity of first electrode
Microwave signal is not only transmitted in pole 160, is additionally configured to the second bias voltage source 240 of connection to provide second direction to liquid crystal layer 150
Bias field.For example, first electrode 130 and second electrode 160 can be by the electric leads that are arranged on except liquid crystal phase shifter
It is electrically connected with the second bias voltage source 240.The direction of second direction and 110 plate face of first substrate is angled, such as with
The direction of one substrate, 110 plate face is vertical.First direction, second direction, first substrate 110 can be any angle each other,
It is not limited to perpendicular or parallel, embodiment of the disclosure is not restricted this.
By controlling the voltage of the first bias voltage source 230 and the second bias voltage source 240, can make in liquid crystal layer 150
Liquid crystal molecule deflect in any direction, and then change effective phase-shift constant of electromagnetic wave when being propagated in liquid crystal phase shifter, most
The control to exporting microwave signal phase is realized eventually.This mode can be mutually perpendicular to the liquid crystal molecule in liquid crystal layer 150
Both direction on apply bias voltage, do not need to introduce additional metal or media components, both alignment layers can also be omitted, because
This can reduce microwave energy loss, and solve response speed present in the liquid crystal phase shifter including both alignment layers and loss
Between contradiction and both alignment layers make the problem of difficult.Also, this mode does not need to semiconductor technology, merely with PCB technology
It can fabricate, reduce production cost.
For example, the shape of voltage biasing structure 200 is the metal tape (being referred to as metal wall) extended along liquid crystal layer 150.When
So, embodiment of the disclosure is without being limited thereto, and the shape of voltage biasing structure 200 can also be to be arranged as multiple metal mistakes of at least a line
Hole, or other applicable shapes.The metal material filled in metal tape or metallic vias can be copper, aluminium, gold, silver or
Its alloy, or other applicable metal materials.Positioned at shape, the size of the voltage biasing structure 200 of the both sides of liquid crystal layer 150
It may be the same or different.
Voltage biasing structure 200, which can run through, to be arranged on liquid crystal receiving substrate 190, can not also be run through liquid crystal and be accommodated substrate
190, embodiment of the disclosure is not restricted this.For example, in one example, voltage biasing structure 200 is set as groove or blind hole,
And metal material is filled in groove or blind hole, this mode can use precious metal material time material saving, reduce into
This.
Fig. 9 is the diagrammatic cross-section of a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides, and Figure 10 is real for the disclosure one
The liquid crystal for applying the liquid crystal phase shifter as shown in Figure 9 of example offer accommodates the floor map of substrate.With reference to figure 9 and Figure 10, in addition to
The shape of voltage biasing structure 200 and still further comprise outside metal strip 210, the liquid crystal phase shifter of the embodiment with described in Fig. 7
Liquid crystal phase shifter it is substantially the same.It is to be herein pointed out the floor map of Figure 10 is only the vertical view of part planar
Schematic diagram, such as liquid crystal receiving substrate 190 are shown in figure to be connected to each other except part and be integrated.
For example, the shape of voltage biasing structure 200 is to be arranged as multiple metallic vias of at least a line.This mode can save
Material reduces cost.About the features such as the size of metallic vias, spacing, distribution form, shape and the first conducting structure 140 or
The correlated characteristic of second conducting structure 170 is similar, and details are not described herein again.
Metal strip 210 be arranged on liquid crystal accommodate substrate 190 on, cover voltage biasing structure 200 multiple metallic vias, and with it is more
A metallic vias electrical connection.Metal strip 210 is for ensureing there is good electrical connection between each metallic vias, so as to be easy to
Apply bias voltage.Metal strip 210 positioned at 150 both sides of liquid crystal layer can be arranged on the same surface that liquid crystal accommodates substrate 190,
Different surfaces can also be arranged on.Metal strip 210 can only cover one end of metallic vias, can also cover the two of metallic vias
End.The material of metal strip 210 can be copper, aluminium, gold, silver or its alloy, or other applicable metal materials.Metal strip
210 patterning processes such as may be used photoetching obtain.
Figure 11 is the diagrammatic cross-section of a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides, and Figure 12 is real for the disclosure one
The floor map of the first substrate of the liquid crystal phase shifter as shown in figure 11 of example offer is provided.With reference to figure 11 and Figure 12, in addition to also
Further comprise outside the first both alignment layers 181, the second both alignment layers 182 and loss reducing structure 220, liquid crystal phase shifter and the figure of the embodiment
Liquid crystal phase shifter described in 6 is substantially the same.It is to be herein pointed out the floor map of Figure 12 is only part planar
Schematic top plan view, such as first substrate 110 is shown in figure to be connected to each other except part and be integrated.First both alignment layers, 181 He
Second both alignment layers 182 are described above, and details are not described herein again.
In this embodiment, loss reducing structure 220, which runs through, is arranged on first substrate 110 and liquid crystal receiving substrate 190, and edge
The extending direction of first electrode 130 or liquid crystal layer 150 is arranged on the both sides of first electrode 130 or liquid crystal layer 150.Certainly, this public affairs
The embodiment opened is without being limited thereto, and loss reducing structure 220 can be arranged on first substrate 110, second substrate 120 and liquid crystal and accommodate substrate
In any one or any two among 190, can also simultaneously it be arranged on above three substrate.Loss reducing structure 220 can be with
It is arranged on the arbitrary one or both sides of first electrode 130, second electrode 160 or liquid crystal layer 150.It is arranged on first electrode 130,
The loss reducing structure 220 of the arbitrary side of two electrodes 160 or liquid crystal layer 150 can be one or more.Loss reducing structure 220 can pass through
It wears and is arranged on aforesaid substrate, aforesaid substrate can not also be run through.
For example, the loss reducing structure 220 positioned at first substrate 110 and on liquid crystal receiving substrate 190 is perpendicular to first
It is in alignment with each other on the direction of 110 plate face of substrate.Certainly, embodiment of the disclosure is without being limited thereto, positioned at first electrode 130, second
The loss reducing structure 220 of the same side of electrode 160 or liquid crystal layer 150 is can be with that on the direction of 110 plate face of first substrate
This alignment, can also be interlaced with each other.For example, in one example, each loss reducing structure 220 positioned at the same side is in alignment with each other,
It is easy to process so as to simplify technique.For example, in another example, each loss reducing structure 220 positioned at the same side is handed over each other
Mistake so as to the influence to electromagnetic wave evenly, can reduce the noncontinuity of reflection of electromagnetic wave.
For example, the shape of loss reducing structure 220 is that the non-metallic layer extended along first electrode 130 or liquid crystal layer 150 (can also
Referred to as nonmetallic wall).Certainly, embodiment of the disclosure is without being limited thereto, and the shape of loss reducing structure 220 can also be to be arranged as at least
Multiple nonmetallic vias of a line, or other applicable shapes.Sky can be filled in non-metallic layer or nonmetallic via
Gas, nitrogen, hydrogen or foamed material can also fill the small material of other dielectric constants.
Figure 13 is the diagrammatic cross-section of a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides, and Figure 14 A are the disclosure one
The floor map of the first substrate for the phase shifter of liquid crystal as shown in fig. 13 that embodiment provides, Figure 14 B are implemented for the disclosure one
The liquid crystal for the phase shifter of liquid crystal as shown in fig. 13 that example provides accommodates the floor map of substrate.With reference to figure 13, Figure 14 A and figure
14B, in addition to the set-up mode of metal strip 210 and other than still further comprising loss reducing structure 220, the liquid crystal phase shifter of the embodiment
It is substantially the same with the liquid crystal phase shifter described in Fig. 9.It is to be herein pointed out the floor map of Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B are only
The only schematic top plan view of part planar, such as first substrate 110 show to be connected to each other except part and be integrated in Figure 14 A,
Liquid crystal, which accommodates substrate 190 and is connected to each other except part shown in Figure 14 B, to be integrated.
In this embodiment, metal strip 210 is arranged on liquid crystal and accommodates on two surfaces of substrate 190 simultaneously, and covers inclined
The both ends of the metallic vias of laminated structure 200.Compared to the mode of only covering metallic vias one end, which can better ensure that
Between each metallic vias there is good electrical connection, there is high reliability when applying bias voltage.
Loss reducing structure 220 is accommodated through first substrate 110, second substrate 120 and liquid crystal is arranged on substrate 190, and edge
The extending direction of first electrode 130, second electrode 160 and liquid crystal layer 150 is arranged on first electrode 130, second electrode 160 and liquid
The both sides of crystal layer 150.Loss reducing structure 220 on different substrate is interlaced with each other, so as to the influence to electromagnetic wave evenly, can
To reduce the noncontinuity of reflection of electromagnetic wave.The shape of loss reducing structure 220 is to be arranged as multiple nonmetallic vias of two rows, about
The features such as size, spacing, distribution form, the shape of nonmetallic via and the first conducting structure 140 or the second conducting structure 170
Correlated characteristic is similar, and details are not described herein again.
Figure 15 is the loss characteristic simulation curve of liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides, and three kinds are shown in figure
The simulation result of loss characteristic of the liquid crystal phase shifter under the conditions of similary 60 degree of phase shifts.Liquid crystal phase shifter containing conducting structure is figure
The liquid crystal phase shifter of embodiment shown in 6, the liquid crystal phase shifter containing conducting structure and loss reducing structure are the reality shown in Figure 13
Apply the liquid crystal phase shifter of example, common liquid crystals phase shifter is the liquid crystal phase shifter without conducting structure and loss reducing structure, thus conduct
Comparative examples.
The material of used various structures and parameter are as follows in emulation.Liquid crystal material is nematic liquid crystal, and liquid crystal molecule is put down
With respect to permittivity ε during row state//=3.3, with respect to permittivity ε during liquid crystal molecule plumbness⊥=2.9, liquid crystal material damage
Consume angle tangent tan δ=0.06.Substrate is Rogers's high frequency plank, and material is polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), substrate relative dielectric constant εr=
4.3, substrate losstangenttanδ=0.004.Metal material is copper, and conductivity is 5.8 × 107。
With reference to figure 15, in 12GHz the insertion loss of three kinds of liquid crystal phase shifters be respectively 4.71dB, 4.02dB and
3.63dB, thus demonstrating embodiment of the disclosure can effectively subtract under conditions of keeping liquid crystal phase shifter phase-shift phase constant
Small insertion loss.The insertion loss of common liquid crystals phase shifter is 4.71dB, and being converted to percentage is：1-10-4.71/20=42%.Contain
The insertion loss of the liquid crystal phase shifter of conducting structure and loss reducing structure is 3.63dB, and being converted to percentage is：1-10-3.63/20=
34%.Therefore the ratio of insertion loss reduction is：The ≈ of (42%-34%)/34% 23%.As it can be seen that it is tied containing conducting structure and detraction
The liquid crystal phase shifter of structure can reduce by 23% insertion loss compared to common liquid crystals phase shifter, have low loss characteristic.
Figure 16 is the floor map of the first substrate of a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter that one embodiment of the disclosure provides, and the figure is only
The only schematic top plan view of part planar.With reference to figure 16, other than the shape of first electrode 130, the liquid crystal phase shift of the embodiment
Device is substantially the same with the liquid crystal phase shifter described in Fig. 2.In this embodiment, first electrode 130 is arch broken line, and first passes
Along the extending direction of first electrode 130, also arched broken line is distributed guide structure 140, and this mode shortens liquid crystal phase shifter
Longitudinal length helps to realize miniaturization.It should be noted that in the presently disclosed embodiments, first electrode 130 can be straight
The arbitrary shapes such as line, curve, broken line.Correspondingly, the arbitrary shapes such as second electrode 160 or straight line, curve, the first conduction
Structure 140, the second conducting structure 170, voltage biasing structure 200 and loss reducing structure 220 can also be along the extension sides of first electrode 130
Distribution to arbitrary shapes such as linear, curves.
A disclosure at least embodiment also provides a kind of electronic device, is moved including the liquid crystal that disclosure any embodiment provides
Phase device.The electronic device has low loss characteristic, and manufacture is at low cost, easy to process, has a wide range of application.
Figure 17 is the block diagram of a kind of electronic device that one embodiment of the disclosure provides.With reference to figure 17, electronic device 300 includes
Liquid crystal phase shifter 100.Liquid crystal phase shifter 100 is the liquid crystal phase shifter that disclosure any embodiment provides.Electronic device 300 can be with
Any device for including liquid crystal phase shifter such as radar system, accelerator, communication base station instrument, embodiment of the disclosure to this not
It is restricted.Electronic device 300 can also include more components, the connection relation between all parts and liquid crystal phase shifter 100
It is unrestricted.
There is the following to need to illustrate：
(1) embodiment of the present disclosure attached drawing relates only to the structure that the embodiment of the present disclosure is related to, and other structures can refer to logical
Standing meter.
(2) in the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment of the disclosure and embodiment can be combined with each other to obtain
New embodiment.
The specific embodiment of the above, the only disclosure, but the protection domain of the disclosure is not limited thereto, this public affairs
The protection domain opened should be based on the protection scope of the described claims.
Claims (16)
1. a kind of liquid crystal phase shifter, including：
First substrate, the first electrode set including first surface, on the first surface and in the first substrate
The first conducting structure of the first electrode at least side is arranged on along the extending direction of the first electrode, wherein, described
One conducting structure is electrically connected with the first electrode；
Second substrate is oppositely arranged with the first substrate and including the second surface towards the first substrate and described
The second electrode set on second surface；
Liquid crystal layer is arranged between the first substrate and the second substrate, and with the first electrode and it is described second electricity
Pole is overlapped.
2. liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein, the second substrate further includes：
Second conducting structure is arranged on the second electrode extremely in the second substrate along the extending direction of the second electrode
Lack side and be electrically connected with the second electrode.
3. liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 2, wherein, first conducting structure and/or the second conduction knot
Structure is metal tape or the multiple metallic vias for being arranged as at least a line.
4. liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 3, wherein, first conducting structure runs through the first substrate；Or
Person, second conducting structure run through the second substrate.
5. according to any liquid crystal phase shifters of claim 1-4, further include：
Liquid crystal accommodates substrate, is arranged on the first substrate, and with the inside fill area Chong Die with the first electrode；
Wherein, the liquid crystal layer is arranged in the internal fill area.
6. according to any liquid crystal phase shifters of claim 1-4, voltage biasing structure is further included, wherein, the voltage biasing structure edge
The extending direction of the liquid crystal layer is arranged on the both sides of the liquid crystal layer, and is configured to the first bias voltage source of connection with to described
Liquid crystal layer provides bias field.
7. liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 6, wherein, the voltage biasing structure is metal tape or is arranged as at least a line
Multiple metallic vias.
8. liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 7, wherein, the voltage biasing structure is the multiple gold for being arranged as at least a line
Belong to via,
The liquid crystal phase shifter further includes at least one metal strip, the metal strip cover the multiple metallic vias and with it is described
Multiple metallic vias electrical connections.
9. according to any liquid crystal phase shifters of claim 1-4, at least one loss reducing structure is further included,
Wherein, the loss reducing structure be arranged on the first electrode, the second electrode, the liquid crystal layer at least one of
At least side, and along the first electrode, the second electrode or the liquid crystal layer extending direction be distributed.
10. liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 9, wherein, the loss reducing structure is non-metallic layer or is arranged as at least
Multiple nonmetallic vias of a line.
11. liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 9, wherein, positioned at the first electrode, the second electrode or described
The loss reducing structure of the same side of liquid crystal layer, interlaced with each other or right each other on the direction of the first substrate plate face
Together.
12. liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 10, wherein, air, nitrogen, hydrogen are filled in the nonmetallic via
Or foamed material.
13. liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein, the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to connect
The second bias voltage source is connect to provide bias field to the liquid crystal layer.
14. liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein, the first electrode and the second electrode for straight line or
Arch broken line.
15. liquid crystal phase shifter according to claim 1, further includes the first both alignment layers and the second both alignment layers,
Wherein, first both alignment layers are arranged between the first electrode and the liquid crystal layer, the second both alignment layers setting
Between the second electrode and the liquid crystal layer.
16. a kind of electronic device, including according to any liquid crystal phase shifters of claim 1-15.
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