CN108195538B - Test bed for researching recovery efficiency of friction vibration energy - Google Patents
Test bed for researching recovery efficiency of friction vibration energy Download PDFInfo
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- CN108195538B CN108195538B CN201810125925.7A CN201810125925A CN108195538B CN 108195538 B CN108195538 B CN 108195538B CN 201810125925 A CN201810125925 A CN 201810125925A CN 108195538 B CN108195538 B CN 108195538B
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910000639 Spring steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001931 thermography Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/06—Multidirectional test stands
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- General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)
Abstract
A test bench for studying friction vibration energy recovery efficiency, motor module is: the hollow support is movably fixed on the base, the servo motor is arranged in the hollow support, and the brake disc is fixed on the upper part of the motor output shaft; the loading module is as follows: the two support plates are movably fixed on the machine base, the hydraulic cylinder is arranged on the top plate on the upper parts of the two support plates, the guide rod of the hydraulic cylinder extends downwards to form a linear bearing, the guide rod is sequentially connected with a normal force sensor, a tangential force sensor and a brake block, piezoelectric elements are respectively fixed on spring steel sheets on three side surfaces of the brake block, and a three-way acceleration sensor is fixed on the other side surface of the brake block. The device changes brake loading pressure, brake disc rotating speed, friction radius and the like according to actual working conditions, verifies feasibility of piezoelectric type friction vibration energy collection from electric signals collected in experiments, and explores influences of different working conditions on friction vibration energy recovery efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of energy acquisition devices, in particular to a test device for researching the recovery efficiency of friction vibration energy.
Background
With the recent great development and consumption of non-renewable petrochemical energy by the modern industry, energy problems are increasingly attracting worldwide attention. It is recognized that although the natural energy sources are diverse, most of the energy sources are not currently developed and utilized on a large scale, such as solar energy, wind energy, vibration energy, and the like. How to develop and utilize the energy sources is an important point of research by scientific researchers, and through a great deal of research and experiments, the energy sources are finally converted into electric energy for reuse. For example, solar energy is converted into electric energy by a form of photoelectric conversion; converting kinetic energy of wind power into mechanical energy through a wind driven generator, and converting the mechanical energy into electric energy; vibration energy in the environment is converted into electric energy and the like through the recovery device.
The application prospect of vibration energy recovery is very wide, and even can cover various fields. Many objects that contain vibrations, such as high-speed railways, marine vessels, factory machinery, bridge constructions, etc., have a source of vibrations at a certain frequency. In which frictional vibration is common as a vibration source in mechanical systems having friction pairs, such as vehicle brakes, mechanical gear systems, screw systems, etc., and is a self-exciting vibration generated during operation of the friction system, no external environmental vibration is required to excite the friction system. However, at present, few researches are performed on the utilization of friction vibration and the collection of the vibration, and particularly, researches on the recovery efficiency of friction vibration energy under different working conditions are more recently reported, so that a large amount of friction vibration energy is difficult to reasonably utilize.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a test bed for researching the recovery efficiency of friction vibration energy, and aims to verify the feasibility of piezoelectric type friction vibration energy collection, simulate different working conditions by changing friction interface factors (braking force, rotating speed, contact rigidity, wear characteristics, abrasive dust behaviors, friction heat and external environment), generate friction vibration with different frequencies and research the influence of the friction interface factors on the recovery efficiency of the energy by collecting vibration energy under different working conditions.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way: a piezoelectric energy acquisition device based on friction vibration consists of a base, a motor module and a loading module; the machine base is provided with a plurality of parallel reverse T-shaped notches; the motor module structure is: the hollow support is formed by encircling a left vertical plate, a right vertical plate, an upper top plate and a lower bottom plate, the servo motor is arranged on the bottom surface of the lower bottom plate of the hollow support, an output shaft of the servo motor extends out of a hole on the upper top plate of the hollow support, the brake disc is fixed on the flange plate through bolts, the flange plate is fixed on the output shaft of the servo motor, and the lower bottom plate of the hollow support is fixed on two inverted T-shaped notches on the base through four bolts;
the loading module structure is as follows: the roof is fixed at two vertical support plate tops through the bolt, two other two inverted T-shaped notches (be located outside two above-mentioned T-shaped notches that the cavity support was fixed on the frame, see fig. 1) of two vertical support plate bottoms through four bolts are fixed on the frame, the pneumatic cylinder is installed on the roof, the riser is fixed on the roof bottom surface, the bearing frame is fixed on the riser, the pneumatic cylinder guide arm is worn out downwards from the inner circle of bearing frame, the pneumatic cylinder guide arm lower part is installed in proper order and is fixed with normal force sensor, tangential force sensor and cuboid or square brake shoe, be fixed with a anchor clamps through the bolt respectively on the three sides of brake shoe, bond a spring steel sheet on every anchor clamps, all install a piezoelectric element on every spring steel sheet, be fixed with three-way acceleration sensor on the other side of brake shoe.
Round through holes are formed in the two vertical support plates; the shape of the stand is reverse U-shaped.
There is also a hydraulic control system for controlling the operation of the hydraulic cylinders.
And an acoustic sensor is also arranged near the contact interface of the brake disc and the brake block.
There is also a power management circuit for collecting piezoelectric charge in the three directions, normal, tangential and radial, output by the piezoelectric element.
There is also a signal collector for collecting piezoelectric charges in three directions, namely normal, tangential and radial, output by the piezoelectric element.
An atmosphere cover or an environment box is additionally arranged at the contact interface of the brake disc and the brake block.
The frame structure is: the upper surface of the stand is provided with a plurality of reverse T-shaped notches, and the lower part of the stand is provided with redundant materials so as to reduce the weight of the device;
the motor module structure is: the cuboid hollow support with two opposite surfaces communicated is fixed on the stand through anchor bolts, the servo motor is arranged in the hollow support, the motor output shaft extends out of the hollow support, and the brake disc is fixed on the upper part of the output shaft;
the loading module structure is as follows: the top plate is fixed at the top of the two supporting plates through bolts, two circular through holes are formed in the two supporting plates, materials can be saved, the weight of the device is reduced, platforms are arranged on two sides of the bottom of the supporting plates and are used for installing foundation bolts, the supporting plates are fixed on inverted T-shaped notches of the machine base through the foundation bolts, the hydraulic cylinders are arranged on the upper surface of the top plate, the vertical plates are fixed on the bottom surface of the top plate in a horizontal position, the bearing seats are arranged on the vertical plates, the linear bearings are arranged on the bearing seats, the guide rods are coaxial with the guide rods of the hydraulic rods through the inner rings of the linear bearings, normal force sensors and tangential force sensors are further arranged at the lower parts of the guide rods, the lower ends of the sensors are adhered to the bottom plate, the brake blocks are adhered to the bottom of the bottom plate, three side surfaces of the brake blocks are all connected with clamps in different directions through screws, the spring bases are adhered to the clamps, the piezoelectric elements are adhered to the spring bases, and the three acceleration sensors are adhered to the last side surfaces of the friction blocks;
the spring steel sheet is a single crystal cantilever beam, a double crystal L-shaped beam, a single crystal spiral beam or a single crystal zigzag beam.
The working process and principle of the invention are as follows:
before the test starts, the positions of the motor module and the loading module are adjusted, the positions of the motor module are fixed on the base through bolts, the positions of the supporting plates on two sides of the loading module are adjusted, the friction radius of the brake block is determined, and the loading module is fixed on an inverted T-shaped notch of the base through bolts;
after the test is started, the control system is used for controlling the on-off, the positive and negative rotation and the rotating speed of the servo motor, the rotation of the output shaft of the motor drives the rotation of the brake disc, and the rotating speed is controlled by the control system to reach the required size; the electromagnetic valve in the hydraulic system is controlled by the hydraulic control system, the hydraulic circuit is changed, the hydraulic cylinder enters a loading working condition, the guide rod of the hydraulic cylinder extends out, and the brake block is pushed to be in contact with the brake disc through a series of connecting pieces;
the whole device can generate self-excited vibration in the working process of the brake block and the brake disc, the vibration is sequentially transmitted to a clamp connected with the brake block, then transmitted to a spring steel sheet bonded with the clamp, and finally transmitted to a piezoelectric element, wherein the piezoelectric element can be bonded on the spring steel sheet or directly bonded on the clamp;
the piezoelectric element is subjected to vibration to generate strain, piezoelectric charges are generated on two sides of the piezoelectric element due to piezoelectric effect, and the electrodes on two sides of the piezoelectric element collect the piezoelectric charges in the three directions of normal, tangential and radial through a power management circuit, and can acquire electric signals generated in the three directions through a professional signal acquisition instrument;
after the test is finished, an electromagnetic valve in the hydraulic system is controlled by the hydraulic control system, a hydraulic loop is changed, the hydraulic cylinder enters an unloading working condition, and a hydraulic cylinder guide rod is reset. And then controlling the servo motor to stop the rotation of the brake disc, and ending the test.
In the test process, a three-way acceleration sensor adhered to the side surface of the brake block collects vibration acceleration signals in three directions of the brake block, a normal force sensor and a tangential force sensor which are arranged between a guide rod of a hydraulic cylinder and the brake block monitor braking pressure and friction force between friction interfaces in the braking process in real time, a sound sensor near the contact interface of a brake disc and the brake block collects braking noise signals in the test process, and electric signals generated in the three directions can be collected through a special signal collector. The collected signals are all transmitted to a signal collection and analysis system for analysis and processing.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the piezoelectric energy collection device is adopted, and has the advantages of small volume, high energy conversion rate, no electromagnetic interference, no pollution emission and easy microminiaturization.
2. The invention can collect vibration energy generated based on friction in the normal direction, tangential direction and radial direction, and research the recovery efficiency of the vibration energy in the three directions.
3. The test bed realizes modularization in each part, and is convenient for installation, disassembly and maintenance.
4. The test bed can change the brake loading pressure, the rotating speed of the brake disc, the friction radius, the contact rigidity and the resistance value in the acquisition circuit according to the actual working condition, and verifies the feasibility of piezoelectric type friction vibration energy acquisition according to the electric signals acquired from the experiment. And then, the friction vibration and noise characteristics are analyzed by combining the information such as the acceleration signal, the force signal, the sound signal, the thermal imaging diagram, the abrasion morphology, the abrasive dust condition and the like, and the influence of different working conditions on the recovery efficiency of the friction vibration energy is explored.
5. The test bed can be used for externally adding an atmosphere cover or an environment box at the friction interface aiming at different ambient atmosphere conditions (such as that the friction system is in a sand wind environment, a wet environment, an oil pollution environment and the like) so as to explore the influence of different external environments on the friction vibration energy recovery efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall assembly diagram of a test stand for studying the efficiency of recovery of frictional vibration energy according to the present invention.
Fig. 1A is an enlarged view of the portion a (which should be rotated 180 degrees) in fig. 1.
FIG. 2 is an assembly view of a test bed loading module according to the present invention.
Fig. 2A is an enlarged view of the portion B in fig. 2.
Fig. 3 is an assembly view of a test stand motor module according to the present invention.
Fig. 3A is a cross-sectional view of the portion of the brake disc and flange (comprised of upper and lower flanges) shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 4, 5, 6, and 7 are perspective views of the single crystal (single piezoelectric element, same below) cantilever beam, double crystal L-beam, single crystal spiral beam, and single crystal zigzag beam of the spring steel sheet shown in fig. 2A, respectively.
Detailed Description
Examples
Fig. 1 shows a test stand for studying the efficiency of recovery of frictional vibration energy, consisting of a housing 4, a motor module 3, and a loading module 1; the machine base 4 is provided with a plurality of parallel reverse T-shaped notches; the motor module 3 has the structure that: the hollow support 21 is formed by encircling left and right side vertical plates, an upper top plate and a lower bottom plate, the servo motor 20 is arranged on the bottom surface of the lower bottom plate of the hollow support 21, an output shaft of the servo motor extends out of a hole in the upper top plate of the hollow support 21, the brake disc 19 is fixed on the flange 18 through bolts, the flange is fixed on the output shaft of the servo motor, (see fig. 3A, the lower flange is welded at the upper end of the output shaft of the servo motor, the brake disc is fixed on the lower flange through the upper flange through bolts), and the lower bottom plate of the hollow support 21 is fixed on two inverted T-shaped notches on the base 4 through four bolts;
the loading module 1 has the structure that: the top plate 6 is fixed at the top of two vertical support plates 2 through bolts, the bottoms of the two vertical support plates 2 are fixed on the other two inverted T-shaped notches on the machine base 4 through four bolts, the hydraulic cylinder 5 is installed on the top plate 6, the vertical plate 8 is fixed on the bottom surface of the top plate 6, the bearing seat 10 is fixed on the vertical plate 8, the hydraulic cylinder guide rod 9 penetrates out of the inner ring of the bearing seat 10 downwards, the normal force sensor 14, the tangential force sensor 12 and the cuboid or square brake block 17 are sequentially installed and fixed on the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder guide rod 9, the clamp 13 is respectively fixed on three sides of the brake block through bolts, the spring steel sheet 11 is bonded on each clamp 13, the piezoelectric element 15 is installed on each spring steel sheet, and the three-way force acceleration sensor is fixed on the other side of the brake block.
The structure of the machine base 4 is as follows: the upper surface of the stand 4 is provided with a plurality of mutually parallel reverse T-shaped notches (see fig. 1A), redundant materials are removed from the lower part, and the stand is reverse U-shaped to reduce weight (firstly, to save materials, secondly, to reduce weight, and to facilitate transportation and installation).
Referring to fig. 3, the motor module 3 has the structure: the cuboid two-phase through hollow support 21 is fixed on the stand 4 through foundation bolts (two bolts are positioned on one inverted T-shaped notch of the stand, the other two bolts are positioned on the other inverted T-shaped notch of the stand), the servo motor 20 is installed in the hollow support 21, the motor output shaft extends out of the hollow support 21, and the brake disc 19 is connected with the flange 18 through bolts and is fixed on the upper part of the output shaft;
referring to fig. 4, 5, 6 and 7, the spring steel sheet 1 is a single crystal cantilever beam, a double crystal L-shaped beam, a single crystal spiral beam or a single crystal zigzag beam, and one, two, three and one piezoelectric element are respectively adhered to the four spring steel sheets, so that different materials, structures and sizes of the spring substrate and the piezoelectric element can be replaced (the spring substrate adopts different materials, structures and sizes to change the vibration frequency received by the piezoelectric element and realize the response to the friction vibration signal in a wider frequency spectrum range, and the piezoelectric element adopts different materials, structures and sizes to change the efficiency of friction vibration energy recovery so as to explore the influence of the different materials, structures and sizes of the spring substrate and the piezoelectric element on the friction vibration energy recovery efficiency under the same working condition.
Referring to fig. 2 and 2A, the loading module structure is as follows: the top plate 6 is fixed at the top of two support plates 2 (positioned outside the hollow support seat) through bolts, two circular through holes are drilled in the two support plates 2, materials can be saved, the weight of the device is reduced, platforms are arranged on two sides of the bottom of each support plate 2 and are used for installing foundation bolts, the foundation bolts are fixed on inverted T-shaped notches of the base 4 (see fig. 1 and 1A), the hydraulic cylinders 5 are arranged on the upper surface of the top plate 6, the vertical plates 8 are fixed on the bottom surface of the top plate 6 in a horizontal position, the bearing seats 10 are arranged on the vertical plates 8, the linear bearings 7 are arranged on the bearing seats 10, the hydraulic cylinder guide rods 9 are connected with the bottom plate 16 through the inner rings of the linear bearings 7, the lower parts of the hydraulic cylinder guide rods 9 are also provided with normal force sensors 14 and tangential force sensors 12, the lower ends of the tangential force sensors 12 are adhered with the bottom plate 16, the brake blocks 17 are adhered to the bottom of the bottom plate 16, three sides of each brake block 17 are connected with clamps 13 in different directions through screws, the spring steel plates 11 are adhered to the clamps 13 (the clamps can also be positioning frames and are mainly responsible for positioning the direction of the piezoelectric elements), the operation is convenient, the replacement of the spring elements with different lengths are adhered to the spring steel plates 11, and the last three-way of the piezoelectric elements are adhered to the last one side of the brake plate 11; an acoustic sensor is also provided near the contact interface of the brake disc 19 with the brake pad 17. There is also a hydraulic control system for controlling the operation of the hydraulic cylinders. There is also a power management circuit for collecting piezoelectric charge in the three directions, normal, tangential and radial, output by the piezoelectric element. There is also a signal collector for collecting piezoelectric charges in three directions, namely normal, tangential and radial, output by the piezoelectric element. An atmosphere cover or an environment box is additionally arranged at the contact interface of the brake disc 19 and the brake block 17.
Claims (4)
1. The test bed for researching the recovery efficiency of the friction vibration energy is characterized in that a plurality of parallel reverse T-shaped notches are formed in a machine base (4); the motor module (3) has the structure that: the hollow support (21) is formed by encircling a left vertical plate, a right vertical plate, an upper top plate and a lower bottom plate, the servo motor (20) is arranged on the bottom surface of the lower bottom plate of the hollow support (21), an output shaft of the servo motor extends out of a hole on the upper top plate of the hollow support (21), the brake disc (19) is fixed on the flange (18) through bolts, the flange is fixed on the output shaft of the servo motor, and the lower bottom plate of the hollow support (21) is fixed on two inverted T-shaped notches on the base (4) through four bolts;
the loading module (1) has the structure that: the top plate (6) is fixed on the top of the two vertical supporting plates (2) through bolts, the bottoms of the two vertical supporting plates (2) are fixed on the other two inverted T-shaped notches on the base (4) through four bolts, the hydraulic cylinder (5) is installed on the top plate (6), the vertical plate (8) is fixed on the bottom surface of the top plate (6), the bearing seat (10) is fixed on the vertical plate (8), the hydraulic cylinder guide rod (9) penetrates out of the inner ring of the bearing seat (10) downwards, the lower part of the hydraulic cylinder guide rod (9) is sequentially provided with and fixed with a normal force sensor (14), a tangential force sensor (12) and a cuboid or square brake block (17), three sides of the brake block are respectively fixed with a clamp (13) through bolts, a spring steel sheet (11) is adhered on each clamp (13), a piezoelectric element (15) is adhered on each spring steel sheet, and a three-dimensional force acceleration sensor is fixed on the other side of the brake block;
the hydraulic control system is used for controlling the hydraulic cylinder to work;
a sound sensor is also arranged near the contact interface of the brake disc (19) and the brake block (17);
the piezoelectric element is provided with a power management circuit which is used for collecting piezoelectric charges in the three directions of normal direction, tangential direction and radial direction which are output by the piezoelectric element;
there is also a signal collector for collecting piezoelectric charges in three directions, namely normal, tangential and radial, output by the piezoelectric element.
2. The test bed for researching the recovery efficiency of friction vibration energy according to claim 1, wherein the two vertical support plates (2) are provided with circular through holes; the shape of the stand (4) is reverse U-shaped.
3. A test bench for studying frictional vibration energy recovery efficiency according to any of claims 1-2, characterized in that an atmosphere cover or an environmental box is added at the contact interface of the brake disc (19) and the brake pad (17).
4. Test bench for studying frictional vibration energy recovery efficiency according to any one of the claims 1-2, characterized in that the spring steel sheet (11) is a single crystal cantilever beam, a bi-crystalline L-beam, a single crystal spiral beam or a single crystal zigzag beam.
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| CN201810125925.7A CN108195538B (en) | 2018-02-08 | 2018-02-08 | Test bed for researching recovery efficiency of friction vibration energy |
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| CN201810125925.7A CN108195538B (en) | 2018-02-08 | 2018-02-08 | Test bed for researching recovery efficiency of friction vibration energy |
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| CN108195538B true CN108195538B (en) | 2023-11-24 |
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| CN109612853B (en) * | 2018-11-26 | 2021-08-03 | Tcl华星光电技术有限公司 | Compression resistance testing device and testing method thereof |
| CN110048641A (en) * | 2019-05-17 | 2019-07-23 | 西南交通大学 | A kind of device and method recycling friction self-excited vibration energy |
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| CN111307435B (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2023-07-28 | 西南交通大学 | Multimode interface tribology behavior simulation test bed based on vibration decoupling |
| CN111307437B (en) * | 2020-03-09 | 2021-11-23 | 西南交通大学 | Rotary tribology behavior simulation test bed for realizing vibration decoupling |
| CN112747881B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2023-03-31 | 武汉理工大学 | Friction coupling vibration experiment table and measuring method thereof |
| CN112781814B (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2023-03-28 | 武汉理工大学 | Two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table |
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