CN112781814B - Two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table - Google Patents
Two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table Download PDFInfo
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- CN112781814B CN112781814B CN202011601617.0A CN202011601617A CN112781814B CN 112781814 B CN112781814 B CN 112781814B CN 202011601617 A CN202011601617 A CN 202011601617A CN 112781814 B CN112781814 B CN 112781814B
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- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
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Abstract
The invention relates to a two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table which comprises a rack, a driving device and a vibrating device, wherein the driving device comprises a motor, a driving shaft and a disc, the disc is horizontally arranged, and the motor is in transmission connection with the circle center of the disc through the driving shaft and can drive the disc to rotate on the horizontal plane; the frame comprises a cross beam and vertical rods, the cross beam is horizontally arranged, the two vertical rods are vertically arranged at intervals, and the upper ends of the two vertical rods are respectively fixedly connected with the cross beam; the vibrating device comprises a slide rail, a slide block, a transverse guide rod, a mass block, a friction seat, a first spring, a second spring, a third spring, a first elastic sheet and a second elastic sheet, and the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table, the motor drives the disc to rotate, so that sliding friction with the friction seat is simulated, vertical vibration is caused by transverse vibration in the friction force direction, the mass block is driven to vibrate in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and therefore the vibration condition under the two-degree-of-freedom condition can be studied.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of friction coupling vibration, in particular to a two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table.
Background
The frictional self-excited vibration is an unstable vibration occurring on the surfaces of two opposing sliding objects, which is a nonlinear vibration caused by friction between the objects. In the daily life and engineering fields, the phenomenon of friction self-excited vibration widely exists. This phenomenon causes various forms of waves and oscillations of objects in contact with each other, which increases the wear of mechanical parts and generates intolerable noise, with various negative effects on engineering production and daily life. Therefore, the system research on the friction self-excited vibration has great practical and theoretical value.
Recently, the modal coupling theory is considered as an important mechanism for generating friction self-excited vibration, it is considered that in a two-degree-of-freedom system, there are structural and friction coupling, the transverse vibration in the direction of friction force causes vertical vibration, when the friction coefficient is greater than a critical value, there is a difference between the vibration phases in the transverse direction and the vertical direction, and the vibration frequencies are gradually combined, so that coupling occurs, at this time, the work input into the system by the friction force is greater than the work output from the system, and the system generates friction coupling vibration. For the experimental study of friction coupling vibration, most of the existing experimental devices adopt a conveyor belt and a linearly moving workbench as driving devices for exciting vibration, wherein the rigidity of the conveyor belt is low, the conveying stability is poor, the stroke of the workbench is short, and the vibration phenomenon is inconvenient to continuously study. In addition, most of the existing experimental devices are single-degree-of-freedom systems, only have vibration in a single direction, and the friction coupling vibration system with two degrees of freedom cannot be researched.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, there is a need to provide a two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table, which is used to solve the technical problem that the experiment apparatus in the prior art is a single-degree-of-freedom system, and only has single-direction vibration, and the two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration system cannot be studied.
The invention provides a two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table, which comprises: the driving device comprises a motor, a driving shaft and a disc, the disc is horizontally arranged, and the motor is in transmission connection with the circle center of the disc through the driving shaft and can drive the disc to rotate on the horizontal plane; the rack comprises a cross beam and vertical rods, the cross beam is horizontally arranged, the two vertical rods are vertically arranged at intervals, and the upper ends of the two vertical rods are respectively fixedly connected with the cross beam; the vibrating device comprises sliding rails, sliding blocks, a transverse guide rod, a mass block, a friction seat, a first spring, a second spring, a third spring, a first elastic sheet and a second elastic sheet, wherein the sliding rails are vertically arranged on the side face, facing to the other vertical rod, of each vertical rod, the two sliding blocks are respectively in one-to-one sliding connection with the two sliding rails, one end of each transverse guide rod is fixedly connected with one sliding block, the other end of each transverse guide rod is fixedly connected with the other sliding block through the first elastic sheet, the mass block is sleeved on the transverse guide rod and can slide along the transverse guide rod, the first spring is sleeved on the transverse guide rod, one end of each transverse guide rod is abutted against the mass block, the other end of each transverse guide rod is abutted against the first elastic sheet, the second spring is vertically arranged, the upper end of each second spring is fixedly connected with the friction seat, the friction seat is abutted against the upper surface of the disc, the second elastic sheet and the third spring are obliquely arranged, the upper end of the second elastic sheet is fixedly connected with a cross beam, the lower end of the third spring is fixedly connected with the elastic sheet, and the lower end of the third spring is fixedly connected with the mass block.
Further, the frame still includes bottom plate and adjustment stabilizer blade, and the bottom plate sets up on four adjustment stabilizer blades, and the adjustment stabilizer blade can be followed vertical direction and stretched out and drawn back to the levelness of adjustment bottom plate, drive arrangement sets up on the bottom plate.
Furthermore, the driving device further comprises a speed reducer and a coupler, a transmission shaft of the motor is connected with the input end of the speed reducer, and the output end of the speed reducer is connected with the lower end of the driver through the coupler.
Furthermore, the driving device further comprises a supporting seat fixedly arranged on the bottom plate, and the motor and the speed reducer are respectively and fixedly connected with the supporting seat.
Furthermore, the vibration device further comprises a vertical guide rod, the vertical guide rod is vertically arranged, the lower end of the vertical guide rod is fixedly connected with the friction seat, the upper end of the vertical guide rod penetrates through the mass block, and the mass block is connected with the vertical guide rod in a sliding mode.
Further, vibrating device still includes the fixed block, horizontal guide arm can be dismantled with slider or first shell fragment through the fixed block and be connected, the fixed block includes the main part, the fastening ear, fastening bolt and connecting bolt, the main part is the C type and has elasticity, its middle part forms and is used for horizontal guide arm to pass accommodation space, two fastening ears set up relatively and be connected with main part both ends integrated into one piece respectively, it is equipped with the fastening screw hole to open relatively on two fastening ears respectively, fastening bolt is connected with the cooperation of fastening screw hole, shorten the distance between two fastening ears, thereby make the main part take place to deform and press from both sides tight horizontal guide bar, connecting screw hole has been seted up on the main part, connecting bolt can dismantle with slider or first shell fragment through connecting screw hole and be connected.
Furthermore, the number of the transverse guide rods is two, the transverse guide rods are arranged in parallel up and down, and the first spring is sleeved on the transverse guide rod below the transverse guide rods.
Furthermore, the mass block is provided with an inclined plane, and the third spring is vertical to the inclined plane and the lower end of the third spring is fixedly connected with the inclined plane.
Furthermore, the first spring, the second spring, the third spring, the first elastic sheet and the second elastic sheet are positioned on the same plane.
Furthermore, the second elastic sheet is perpendicular to the third spring and forms an included angle of 45 degrees with the horizontal plane.
Compared with the prior art, the two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table drives the disc to rotate through the motor, so that sliding friction with the friction seat is simulated, vertical vibration is caused by transverse vibration in the friction force direction, the mass block is driven to vibrate in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and the vibration condition under the two-degree-of-freedom condition can be researched.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the drive of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the vibration device of FIG. 1;
fig. 4 is a partially enlarged view of fig. 3.
Detailed Description
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table comprises a frame 1, a driving device 2 and a vibrating device 3, wherein the driving device 2 and the vibrating device 3 are placed on the frame 1, and the driving device 2 can drive the vibrating device 3 to vibrate, so that an experimenter can conveniently conduct vibration research.
The frame 1 comprises an adjusting leg 11, a bottom plate 12, a supporting column 13, a cross beam 14 and a vertical rod 15. The bottom plate 12 is arranged on the four adjusting support legs 11, and the adjusting support legs 11 can stretch along the vertical direction, so that the levelness of the bottom plate 12 can be adjusted. Support columns 13 are provided on the base plate 12 for supporting the horizontal beams 14. Two vertical rods 15 which are parallel at intervals are arranged below the cross beam 14, and the upper ends of the vertical rods 15 are fixedly connected with the cross beam 14.
The driving device 2 is disposed on the base plate 12, and includes a support base 21, a motor 22, a speed reducer 23, a coupling 24, a driving shaft 25, and a disk 26. Supporting seat 21 is fixed to be set up on bottom plate 2, motor 22 and reduction gear 23 respectively with supporting seat 21 fixed connection, motor 22's transmission shaft is vertical upwards, connect the input of reduction gear 23, the lower extreme of shaft coupling 24 connection drive shaft 25 is passed through to the output of reduction gear 23, the centre of a circle of disc 26 is connected to the upper end of drive shaft 25, disc 26 level sets up, after motor 22 slowed down through reduction gear 23, can drive disc 26 through drive shaft 25 and rotate on the horizontal plane with an appropriate speed.
The vibration device 3 includes a slide rail 31, a slider 32, a transverse guide rod 33, a mass 34, a vertical guide rod 35, a friction seat 36, a first spring 37A, a second spring 37B, a third spring 37C, a first elastic sheet 38A, a second elastic sheet 38B, and a fixed block 39.
All vertically set up slide rail 31 on every montant 15 towards the side of another montant 15, two sliders 32 respectively with two slide rail 31 one-to-one sliding connection, can slide from top to bottom along slide rail 31 under the effect of external force. One end of the transverse guide rod 33 is fixedly connected with one of the sliding blocks 32, the other end is fixedly connected with the other sliding block 32 through a first elastic sheet 38A, and the mass block 34 is sleeved on the transverse guide rod 33 and can slide along the transverse guide rod 33. The first spring 37A is sleeved on the transverse guide rod 33, and one end thereof abuts against the mass block 34, and the other end thereof abuts against the first elastic sheet 38A. In this embodiment, two transverse guide rods 33 are provided, and are arranged in parallel up and down, and the first spring 37A is only sleeved on the lower transverse guide rod 33.
The second spring 37B is vertically disposed, and has an upper end fixedly connected to the mass block 34 and a lower end fixedly connected to the friction seat 36, and the friction seat 36 is disposed on the disk 26 and abuts against the upper surface of the disk 36. In this embodiment, in order to ensure that the lateral vibration of the mass 34 does not occur on the second spring 37, two vertical guide rods 35 are further fixedly arranged on the friction seat 36, the upper ends of the vertical guide rods 35 penetrate through the mass 34, and the mass 34 can slide up and down relative to the vertical guide rods 35.
The second elastic sheet 38B and the third spring 37C are both obliquely arranged, the upper end of the second elastic sheet 38B is fixedly connected with the cross beam 14, the lower end of the second elastic sheet 38B is fixedly connected with the upper end of the third spring 37C, and the lower end of the third spring 37C is fixedly connected with the mass block 34. Suitably, the mass 34 has a slope formed thereon, and the third spring 37C is perpendicular to the slope. In this embodiment, the second elastic sheet 38B and the third spring 37C are perpendicular to each other and both form an angle of 45 ° with the horizontal plane. And the first spring 37A, the second spring 37B, the third spring 37C, the first elastic sheet 38A and the second elastic sheet 38B are all on the same plane, so that the vibration is controlled in two degrees of freedom.
In this embodiment, two ends of the transverse guide rod 33 are detachably connected to the first elastic piece 38A or the sliding block 32 through the fixing block 39. The fixing block 39 includes a body portion 391, a fastening lug 392, a fastening bolt 393, and a connecting bolt 394. The main part 391 is C type and has elasticity, and its middle part forms and is used for horizontal guide pole 33 to pass accommodation space, and two fastening ears 392 set up relatively and are connected with the both ends integrated into one piece of main part 391 respectively, open relatively respectively on two fastening ears 392 and are equipped with the fastening screw hole. The fastening bolt 393 is engaged with the fastening screw hole to shorten the distance between the two fastening ears 392, so that the body portion 391 is deformed to clamp the lateral guide rod 33. The main body 391 is provided with a connection threaded hole, and the direction of the connection threaded hole is perpendicular to the direction of the fastening threaded hole. The connecting bolt 394 is detachably connected with the sliding block 32 or the first elastic sheet 38A through a connecting threaded hole.
The mass 34 is held in position by a first spring 37A and a second spring 37B, which are arranged parallel and perpendicular to the disc 26, respectively, and a third spring 37C is arranged obliquely to the vertical. When the disc 26 rotates at a constant rotation speed, the mass 34 starts to move in the transverse direction, and if the distance between the transverse guide rod 33 and the center of the disc 26 is r and the angle between the connecting line and the longitudinal direction is θ, the following relation can be obtained,
Thus, the linear velocity of any point disk that the mass 34 moves in the lateral direction is equal. When the mass 34 is subjected to a frictional force toward the right, the mass 34 starts to accelerate toward the right, and the first spring 37A is stretched to generate a leftward elastic force on the mass 34, and the third spring 37C generates an elastic force in an oblique direction. From the viewpoint of energy, the energy generated by the friction force is transmitted from the lateral vibration to the vertical vibration due to the elastic force generated by the third spring 37C, and the third spring 37C is also deformed by the force. When the mass 34 accelerates rightward to a certain point, and the lateral elastic forces of the first spring 37A and the third spring 37C are greater than the friction force, the mass 34 decelerates rightward until the speed reaches zero, and then accelerates leftward, and the deformation amounts of the first spring 37A and the third spring 37C gradually decrease. When the mass 34 accelerates to the left to a certain point, and the lateral elastic forces of the first spring 37A and the third spring 37C are smaller than the friction force, the mass 34 decelerates to the left until the velocity is zero, and then accelerates to the left, so that the mass 34 performs a simple harmonic vibration cycle in the lateral direction. At the same time, the mass 34 is acted upon by the second spring 37B and the third spring 37C in the vertical direction, and similarly performs a simple harmonic oscillation cycle. However, the vertical and lateral vibrations generated by the different masses 34 have a phase difference, which is a characteristic of the coupled vibration, and due to the phase difference, the energy of the friction coupled vibration can be mutually transmitted in the vertical and lateral directions.
By using the test bed, the contact position of the friction seat 36 and the disc 26 can be changed by adjusting the position of the support seat 21 arranged on the bottom plate 2, so that disc speeds at different contact positions can be obtained, and the influence of different disc speeds on friction coupling vibration can be researched. The effect of different spring rates on the friction coupled vibration can also be studied by using springs of different spring rates. By varying the mass of the mass 34, the effect of different masses of the mass 34 on the frictionally coupled vibrations was investigated. By providing the third spring 37C with a different inclination angle from the second elastic piece 38B, the influence of the inclination angle of the third spring 37C on the friction-coupled vibration and the like were studied. In conclusion, the test bed has the advantage of being convenient for changing and replacing the parameters of the test bed, and the influence of various parameters on the friction coupling vibration is researched.
The embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table, the motor drives the disc to rotate, so that sliding friction with the friction seat is simulated, vertical vibration is caused by transverse vibration in the friction force direction, the mass block is driven to vibrate in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, and therefore the vibration condition under the two-degree-of-freedom condition can be studied.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a two degree of freedom friction coupling vibration experiment tables which characterized in that, it includes: a frame, a driving device and a vibrating device,
the driving device comprises a motor, a driving shaft and a disc, the disc is horizontally arranged, and the motor is in transmission connection with the circle center of the disc through the driving shaft and can drive the disc to rotate on the horizontal plane;
the rack comprises a cross beam and vertical rods, the cross beam is horizontally arranged, the two vertical rods are vertically arranged at intervals, and the upper ends of the two vertical rods are respectively fixedly connected with the cross beam;
the vibrating device comprises a sliding rail, a sliding block, a transverse guide rod, a mass block, a friction seat, a first spring, a second spring, a third spring, a first elastic sheet and a second elastic sheet, wherein each vertical rod faces to the other vertical rod is arranged on the side face of the vertical rod, the sliding rail is arranged in a two-to-one manner, the sliding block is respectively connected with the two sliding rails in a one-to-one manner, one end of the transverse guide rod is fixedly connected with one sliding block, the other end of the transverse guide rod passes through the first elastic sheet and the other sliding block and is fixedly connected with the sliding block, the mass block is sleeved on the transverse guide rod and can slide along the transverse guide rod, the first spring is sleeved on the transverse guide rod, one end of the transverse guide rod is abutted against the mass block and the other end of the transverse guide rod is abutted against the first elastic sheet, the second spring is vertically arranged and is fixedly connected with the mass block, the lower end of the mass block is fixedly connected with the friction seat, the upper surface of the disc is abutted against the second elastic sheet and is obliquely arranged with the third spring, the upper end of the cross beam is fixedly connected with the mass block.
2. The two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table according to claim 1, wherein the rack further comprises a bottom plate and adjusting legs, the bottom plate is disposed on the four adjusting legs, the adjusting legs can be extended and retracted in a vertical direction so as to adjust the levelness of the bottom plate, and the driving device is disposed on the bottom plate.
3. The two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table according to claim 2, wherein the driving device further comprises a speed reducer and a coupling, a transmission shaft of the motor is connected with an input end of the speed reducer, and an output end of the speed reducer is connected with a lower end of the driving shaft through the coupling.
4. The two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table according to claim 3, wherein the driving device further comprises a supporting seat fixedly arranged on the bottom plate, and the motor and the speed reducer are respectively and fixedly connected with the supporting seat.
5. The two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table according to claim 4, wherein the vibration device further comprises a vertical guide rod, the vertical guide rod is vertically arranged, the lower end of the vertical guide rod is fixedly connected with the friction seat, the upper end of the vertical guide rod penetrates through the mass block, and the mass block is connected with the vertical guide rod in a sliding mode.
6. The two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table according to claim 5, wherein the vibration device further comprises a fixed block, the transverse guide rod is detachably connected with the sliding block or the first elastic sheet through the fixed block, the fixed block comprises a main body portion, fastening lugs, fastening bolts and connecting bolts, the main body portion is C-shaped and elastic, a containing space is formed in the middle of the main body portion, the two fastening lugs are oppositely arranged and are respectively connected with two ends of the main body portion in an integrated forming mode, fastening threaded holes are respectively formed in the two fastening lugs oppositely, the fastening bolts are connected with the fastening threaded holes in a matched mode, the distance between the two fastening lugs is shortened, the main body portion is deformed to clamp the transverse guide rod, connecting threaded holes are formed in the main body portion, and the connecting bolts are detachably connected with the sliding block or the first elastic sheet through the connecting threaded holes.
7. The two-degree-of-freedom friction coupling vibration experiment table according to claim 6, wherein two transverse guide rods are arranged in parallel up and down, and the first spring is sleeved on the transverse guide rod below.
8. The two-degree-of-freedom friction-coupled vibration experiment table according to claim 7, wherein the mass block is formed with an inclined surface, and the third spring is perpendicular to the inclined surface and has a lower end fixedly connected to the inclined surface.
9. The two-degree-of-freedom friction-coupled vibration experiment table according to claim 8, wherein the first spring, the second spring, the third spring, the first elastic sheet and the second elastic sheet are located on the same plane.
10. The two-degree-of-freedom friction-coupled vibration experiment table according to claim 9, wherein the second elastic sheet is perpendicular to the third spring and has an angle of 45 ° with a horizontal plane.
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