CN108189504A - 一种基于剪切增稠液的可折叠多孔材料 - Google Patents

一种基于剪切增稠液的可折叠多孔材料 Download PDF

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CN108189504A
CN108189504A CN201810100869.1A CN201810100869A CN108189504A CN 108189504 A CN108189504 A CN 108189504A CN 201810100869 A CN201810100869 A CN 201810100869A CN 108189504 A CN108189504 A CN 108189504A
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shear thickening
thickening liquid
core material
top panel
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梁希
李慧剑
余为
张任良
沈振兴
郝颖
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Yanshan University
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Abstract

一种基于剪切增稠液的可折叠多孔材料，其包括上面板、芯材、下面板和剪切增稠液，其中芯材的两端分别与上面板和下面板固连，剪切增稠液充填在芯材内；上面板和下面板的材质为硬质材料，下面板材为中空夹层结构，内部空腔高度不小于5mm，在板的上表面和侧面设有导流孔；所述芯材的材质为柔韧性较强且具有较高强度的材料，所述的剪切增稠液为二氧化硅微粒和聚乙二醇混合物，其中二氧化硅微粒的体积分数为50‑60％。本发明结构简单，成本低廉，容易操作，具有较大刚度，能够吸收大量能力，起到防护作用。

Description

一种基于剪切增稠液的可折叠多孔材料
技术领域
本发明属于材料技术领域，特别涉及一种冲击防护复合材料。
背景技术
冲击防护材料在航空航天、交通运输、建筑及军事等领域被广泛应用。目前，常用的防护材料多为轻质多孔材料，如蜂窝材料、点阵结构及泡沫材料等。这些传统的防护材料具有较好的缓冲吸能特性，但也暴露出一个缺点，即由于材料较轻而导致体积较大，因此在运输过程中或非工作状态显得尤为不便。因此需要设计一种防护材料，首先要满足轻质缓冲吸能的特性，然后还要求材料能够收放自如，在工作状态能够打开，而在运输或非工作期间处于折叠状态，既能满足工作需求，又便于存放、运输和伪装。
发明内容
基于上述传统防护材料的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种结构简单，成本低廉，容易操作，具有较大刚度，能够吸收大量能力，起到防护作用的基于剪切增稠液的可折叠多孔材料。
本发明包括上面板、芯材、下面板和剪切增稠液，其中芯材的两端分别与上面板和下面板固连，剪切增稠液充填在芯材内；
所述的上面板材质为硬质材料，如金属、塑料、玻璃钢或碳纤维板，厚度不小于1mm；
所述的下面板材质为硬质材料，如金属、塑料、玻璃钢或碳纤维板，其为中空夹层结构，内部空腔高度不小于5mm，板厚不小于2mm，在板的上表面和侧面设有导流孔，以便剪切增稠液注入或排出；
所述芯材为柔性芯材，其材质为柔韧性较强且具有较高强度的材料，如硅橡胶、塑料或其他纤维、高分子材料，柔性芯材为管状多孔结构或弹性较好的开孔泡沫材料；芯材为开孔泡沫材料时，在泡沫材料外表面包裹一层不透水的封装层，所述密封层为柔韧性较强且具有较高强度的材料如硅橡胶、塑料或其他纤维、高分子材料制成的膜状结构。
所述的剪切增稠液为二氧化硅微粒和聚乙二醇混合物，其中二氧化硅微粒的体积分数为50-60％。
本发明与现有技术相比具有如下的优点：
(1)在冲击作用下具有较大刚度，能够吸收大量能量，起到防护作用，在静力或应变率较小的力作用下材料为柔性体。
(2)可根据需要将剪切增稠液注入芯材通孔使其处于打开状态；或将剪切增稠液从通孔内排出使其处于折叠状态，便于存放、运输或伪装。
(3)材料结构简单，成本低廉，容易操作。
(4)材料可多次重复使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1的基于剪切增稠液的可折叠多孔材料的示意简图。
图2为图1的折叠状态示意简图。
图3为本发明实施例2的基于剪切增稠液的可折叠多孔材料的示意简图。
图4为图3的折叠状态示意简图。
图5为本发明实施例3的基于剪切增稠液的可折叠多孔材料的示意简图。
图6为图5的折叠状态示意简图。
图中：1-上面板、2-芯材、3-下面板、4-剪切增稠液、5-空腔、6-导流孔、 7-阀门、8-导流管、9-容器、10-密封层。
具体实施方式
实施例1：
在图1所示的基于剪切增稠液的可折叠多孔材料示意图中，上面板1为5mm 厚的玻璃钢板，下面板3为5mm厚的玻璃钢板粘接成箱形结构，内部空腔5高度为10mm，在下面板上表面设5排×5列的φ8mm的导流孔6，侧边设一个φ 8mm的导流孔；芯材2为硅橡胶手风琴状空囊，数量为对应导流孔的5排×5 列，每个空囊充满状态高度为100mm，最大截面直径为50mm，最小截面直径为20mm。芯材的两端通过强力胶分别与上面板和下面板粘结牢固，并且保证每个芯材胞元通孔与下面板导流孔对应；剪切增稠液4为二氧化硅微粒和聚乙二醇制成的粘稠状悬浊液，其中二氧化硅微粒的体积分数为60％，将制成的剪切增稠液储存于容器中。
使用时，将导流管8的一端与侧边导流孔连接，其另一端与装有剪切增稠液的容器9连接，打开导流管上的阀门7，将剪切增稠液缓慢注入导流孔，直至芯材充满为止，关闭阀门；非工作状态，打开阀门，将剪切增稠液缓慢挤出，使芯材处于折叠状态，如图2所示。剪切增稠液注入和排出过程一定要缓慢，即要保证剪切增稠液剪切速率小于500％/s。
实施例2：
如图3所示，上面板1为3mm厚的铝合金板，下面板3为5mm厚的玻璃钢板粘接成箱形结构，内部空腔5高度为10mm，在下面板上表面设5排×5列的φ8mm的导流孔6，侧边设一个φ8mm的导流孔；芯材2为大孔聚氨酯海绵，厚度为100mm，用防水膜作为封装层10，将海绵侧表面和上表面用防水膜完全包覆，底面与下面板粘接牢固，上表面与上面板粘结牢固；剪切增稠液4为二氧化硅微粒和聚乙二醇制成的粘稠状悬浊液，其中二氧化硅微粒的体积分数为50％。将制成的剪切增稠液储存于容器9中。
使用时，将导流管8的一端与侧边导流孔连接，其另一端与装有剪切增稠液的容器连接，打开导流管上的阀门7，将剪切增稠液缓慢注入导流孔，直至芯材充满为止，关闭阀门；非工作状态，打开阀门，通过在上面板施加压力将剪切增稠液缓慢挤出，使芯材处于压缩状态，用卡扣或绳子扎牢，使其一直处于折叠状态，如图4所示。剪切增稠液注入和排出过程一定要缓慢，即要保证剪切增稠液剪切速率小于500％/s。
实施例3：
如图5所示，上面板1为5mm厚的碳纤维板，下面板3为5mm厚的碳纤维板粘接成箱形结构，内部空腔5高度为10mm，在下面板上表面设5排×5列的φ8mm的导流孔6，侧边设一个φ8mm的导流孔；芯材2为φ8mm的软塑料管制成的空间网架结构，整个空间网架结构高100mm，用防水膜作为封装层10，将空间网架结构侧面塑料管端头密封，其上表面露出的塑料管端头与上面板粘结密封牢固，其下表面露出的塑料管端头与下面板导流孔对应粘结牢固；剪切增稠液4由二氧化硅微粒和聚乙二醇制成的粘稠状悬浊液，其中二氧化硅微粒的体积分数为50％。将制成的剪切增稠液储存于容器9中。
使用时，将导流管8的一端与侧边导流孔连接，其另一端与装有剪切增稠液的容器连接，打开导流管上的阀门7，将剪切增稠液缓慢注入导流孔，直至芯材充满为止，关闭阀门；非工作状态，打开阀门，通过在上面板施加压力将剪切增稠液缓慢挤出，使芯材处于折叠状态，如图6所示。剪切增稠液注入和排出过程一定要缓慢，即要保证剪切增稠液剪切速率小于500％/s。

Claims (5)

1.一种基于剪切增稠液的可折叠多孔材料，其特征在于：它包括上面板、芯材、下面板和剪切增稠液，其中芯材的两端分别与上面板和下面板固连，剪切增稠液充填在芯材内，所述的下面板材质为中空夹层结构，内部空腔高度不小于5mm，板厚不小于2mm，在板的上表面和侧面设有导流孔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于剪切增稠液的可折叠多孔材料，其特征在于：所述的上面板和下面板的材质均为硬质材料，如金属、塑料、玻璃钢或碳纤维板，上面板的厚度不小于1mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于剪切增稠液的可折叠多孔材料，其特征在于：所述芯材为柔性芯材，其材质为柔韧性较强且具有较高强度的材料，如硅橡胶、塑料或其他纤维、高分子材料，柔性芯材为管状多孔结构或弹性较好的开孔泡沫材料。
4.根据权利要求1所述的基于剪切增稠液的可折叠多孔材料，其特征在于：芯材为开孔泡沫材料时，在泡沫材料外表面包裹一层不透水的封装层，所述密封层为柔韧性较强且具有较高强度的材料如硅橡胶、塑料或其他纤维、高分子材料制成的膜状结构。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于剪切增稠液的可折叠多孔材料，其特征在于：所述的剪切增稠液为二氧化硅微粒和聚乙二醇混合物，其中二氧化硅微粒的体积分数为50-60％。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN110965673A (zh) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-07 台山市长发木业有限公司 一种可折叠板材
CN115386338A (zh) * 2022-08-19 2022-11-25 中山莱圃新材料有限公司 一种超高浓度剪切增稠流体及其制备方法和应用

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CN102756531A (zh) * 2012-05-07 2012-10-31 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空材料研究院 一种夹芯为折叠结构的复合材料板及其成型方法
CN104476828A (zh) * 2014-11-28 2015-04-01 中国科学院力学研究所 夹芯吸能装置

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CN104476828A (zh) * 2014-11-28 2015-04-01 中国科学院力学研究所 夹芯吸能装置

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN110965673A (zh) * 2018-09-28 2020-04-07 台山市长发木业有限公司 一种可折叠板材
CN115386338A (zh) * 2022-08-19 2022-11-25 中山莱圃新材料有限公司 一种超高浓度剪切增稠流体及其制备方法和应用

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