CN106182940B - 一种基于蜂窝三明治结构的吸声承载板 - Google Patents

一种基于蜂窝三明治结构的吸声承载板 Download PDF

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CN106182940B
CN106182940B CN201610570391.XA CN201610570391A CN106182940B CN 106182940 B CN106182940 B CN 106182940B CN 201610570391 A CN201610570391 A CN 201610570391A CN 106182940 B CN106182940 B CN 106182940B
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唐宇帆
辛锋先
卢天健
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Xian Jiaotong University
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    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
    • B32B21/04—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board comprising wood as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明提供一种基于蜂窝三明治结构的吸声承载板，包括上面板、蜂窝结构和下面板；蜂窝结构上下表面分别与上面板和下面板相连，蜂窝结构侧壁壁面和上面板上均开设有吸音孔，上面板每一个吸音孔对应两个相邻的由吸音孔打通的蜂窝单元；本发明结构简单，具有较好的低频段吸音性能以及优良的力学性能，同时兼具重量轻的特点，具有良好且广泛的应用前景。

Description

一种基于蜂窝三明治结构的吸声承载板
技术领域
本发明可应用于建筑材料技术领域，同时也可应用于工业装备、舰船结构和坦克装甲车上，涉及一种具备吸音、承载功能的复合结构板，具体涉及一种基于蜂窝三明治结构的吸声承载板。
背景技术
现有吸音板是一种板状的具有吸声降噪作用的材料或结构，广泛应用于不同的公共建筑中，如音乐厅、图书馆等。一般的吸音板主要通过两种方式实现吸收噪音的效用，一种是利用多孔纤维材料进行吸音，另一种是利用在后置空腔的板体上设置吸音孔的方式进行吸音。上述两种方式吸音板由于支承较差，普遍存在着结构性能不佳、承载作用差的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有承载结构性能单一的问题，提供一种结构简单、合理，使用方便，兼具吸音性能和承载能力的蜂窝三明治结构吸声承载板。
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案来实现的：
一种基于蜂窝三明治结构的吸声承载板，包括上面板、蜂窝结构和下面板；蜂窝结构设置在互相平行的上面板和下面板之间，蜂窝结构上下表面分别与上面板和下面板相连，蜂窝结构侧壁上和上面板上开设有吸音孔，蜂窝结构侧壁上的吸音孔将同一排或一列的若干个蜂窝单元连通，上面板上的每个吸音孔对应蜂窝结构中一组若干个相互连通的蜂窝单元，上面板设置吸音孔，蜂窝结构侧壁对应设置吸音孔，共同组成共振吸声结构。
进一步，所述蜂窝结构为四边形蜂窝或六边形蜂窝。
进一步，蜂窝结构侧壁上的吸音孔仅将两个相邻的蜂窝单元连通，上面板上的每个吸音孔对应蜂窝结构中两个相互连通的蜂窝单元。
进一步，上面板和蜂窝结构侧壁上所开设的吸音孔的孔径为0.5mm～5mm，开孔方向均为垂直于所在开孔壁面或者面板。
进一步，上面板的厚度为1mm～9mm。
进一步，上面板、蜂窝结构和下面板采用木质板材或金属夹层板制成，或者采用塑料、多孔纤维、多孔泡沫材料制成。
进一步，蜂窝结构中填充或不填充多孔吸声材料。
进一步，上面板跨过蜂窝结构中蜂窝单元的数量最少为两个。
本发明的与现有技术相比具有以下优点：
本发明的蜂窝三明治结构吸声承载板，包括上面板、蜂窝结构和下面板；蜂窝结构和上面板均开设有吸音孔，拓宽了蜂窝结构的功能，使该结构具备多功能性；其结构简单、使用方便、吸音效果和力学性能俱佳，既具有较宽的中低频吸声性能，又具有优良的能量吸收性能和较好的承载能力，可以适用于室内墙体、部分承载结构体，能够较好地替代现有的专用吸声板和噪音污染较大场所的承载结构体，能够减少建筑或装饰耗材，从而降低生产成本，压缩结构所占空间。
附图说明
图1是本发明一个实施例的三维结构示意图；
图2是本发明的一个实施例的结构分解示意图；
图中：1、上面板；2、蜂窝结构；3、下面板；4、不开孔蜂窝板；5、开孔蜂窝板。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明作详细的介绍：
图1展示了本发明的蜂窝三明治结构吸声承载板的一个实施例的三维示意图，该复合结构包括上面板1、蜂窝结构2、以及下面板3。为方便观察该实施例的内部结构，图1采用了剖视方法。
蜂窝三明治结构吸声承载板包括上面板1、蜂窝结构2和下面板3；蜂窝结构2上下表面分别与上面板1和下面板3相连，蜂窝结构2的侧壁壁面上和上面板1上均开设有吸音孔，蜂窝结构2侧壁上的吸音孔将同一排或一列的若干个蜂窝单元连通，上面板1上的每个吸音孔对应蜂窝结构2中一组若干个相互连通的蜂窝单元，开孔方向均为垂直于所在开孔壁面或者面板。
所述吸声承载板主要由两块面板和其中的蜂窝结构组合而成。其中一块上面板均匀设置吸音孔，蜂窝结构对应设置吸音孔，共同组成共振吸声结构。
所述吸声承载板的开孔面板朝向室内，不开孔面板朝向室外。这样设计的目的是使得声音能够进入板体，并得到部分吸收，从而减少反射的声音能量，降低室内的噪音。
上面板1和蜂窝结构3侧壁上所开设的吸音孔的孔径为0.5mm～5mm，开孔方向均为垂直于所在开孔壁面或者面板；上面板1的厚度为1mm～9mm。
上面板1、蜂窝结构2和下面板3采用木质板材或金属夹层板制成，或者采用塑料、多孔纤维、多孔泡沫材料制成；蜂窝结构2中填充或不填充多孔吸声材料；上面板1跨过蜂窝结构2中蜂窝单元的数量最少为两个。
优选地，当使用所述吸声承载板吸收低频噪音时，面板和蜂窝结构上的吸音孔孔径应为毫米级。
优选地，当使用所述吸声承载板吸收中频及高频噪音时，面板和蜂窝结构上的吸音孔孔径应为亚毫米级。
本发明设计的吸声承载板，不限于本实施例，其中的蜂窝结构既可以是四边形蜂窝，也可以是六边形蜂窝。
在本发明实施例中，上面板1的厚度为2mm，覆盖在厚度为20mm的四边形蜂窝结构2的上表面上。上面板1上均匀开有孔径为2mm的吸音孔，以便让噪音进入结构，从而达到吸声降噪的目的。所开吸音孔的数量和四边形蜂窝结构2中蜂窝单元的数量有关，蜂窝结构2侧壁上的吸音孔仅将两个相邻的蜂窝单元连通，上面板1上的每个吸音孔对应蜂窝结构2中两个相互连通的蜂窝单元；且每两个蜂窝单元相连的侧壁壁面上开设有直径为1.2mm的吸音孔。四边形蜂窝结构2的壁面厚度为1mm。厚度为1mm的下面板3覆盖在蜂窝结构2的下表面上。
在本实施例中，整个吸声承载板的材质为奥氏体不锈钢，其密度约为7950kg/m3。该复合板的单位面积质量仅为37.41kg/m2，质量密度为1626.74kg/m3。
在本实施例中，吸声承载板的吸声系数(吸收声能量/入射声能量)在310Hz左右最大可达0.99；在该频段下声波的波长是所述吸声承载板的48倍。本实施例能够以较低的厚度(23mm)实现低频段的良好吸声效果。
一种基于蜂窝三明治结构的吸声承载板的制备方法，包括以下步骤：将不开孔蜂窝板4与开孔蜂窝板5按照所开狭缝方位对齐，使得两种板相互垂直并进行组装。不开孔蜂窝板4与开孔蜂窝板5组装成蜂窝结构2以后，将蜂窝结构2和上面板1、下面板3分别组装并固定。接触处可以采用焊接、胶粘等多种方式进行固定。
上面板1以及蜂窝结构2上的吸音孔能够大大提升复合结构吸收声音的能力，由上面板1、蜂窝结构2和下面板3共同组成的共振吸声结构能够在设计频段内较好地吸收噪音。在蜂窝结构2的侧壁壁面上开设吸音孔实现了降低吸声峰值频段的作用，在相同的设计厚度下能够实现更低频段噪音的吸收。本发明所涉及的结构重量轻、耗材少，兼具吸声降噪和承载的能力，具有良好且广泛的应用前景。
以上对本发明的特定实施例进行了说明，但本发明的保护内容不仅仅限定于该实施例，在本发明的所述技术领域内，只要掌握基本理论，就可以在其技术要旨范围内进行多种多样的变换，适应不同吸声频段和力学性能的需求。凡依本发明所申请范围所作的变化与改进等，均应归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种基于蜂窝三明治结构的吸声承载板，其特征在于：包括上面板(1)、蜂窝结构(2)和下面板(3)；蜂窝结构(2)设置在互相平行的上面板(1)和下面板(3)之间，蜂窝结构(2)上下表面分别与上面板(1)和下面板(3)相连，蜂窝结构(2)侧壁上和上面板(1)上开设有吸音孔，蜂窝结构(2)侧壁上的吸音孔将同一排或一列的若干个蜂窝单元连通，上面板(1)上的每个吸音孔对应蜂窝结构(2)中一组若干个相互连通的蜂窝单元，上面板设置吸音孔，蜂窝结构侧壁对应设置吸音孔，共同组成共振吸声结构；
蜂窝结构(2)侧壁上的吸音孔仅将两个相邻的蜂窝单元连通，上面板(1)上的每个吸音孔对应蜂窝结构(2)中两个相互连通的蜂窝单元。
2.如权利要求1所述的基于蜂窝三明治结构的吸声承载板，其特征在于：所述蜂窝结构(2)为四边形蜂窝或六边形蜂窝。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的基于蜂窝三明治结构的吸声承载板，其特征在于：上面板(1)和蜂窝结构(2)侧壁上所开设的吸音孔的孔径为0.5mm～5mm，开孔方向均为垂直于所在开孔壁面或者面板。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的基于蜂窝三明治结构的吸声承载板，其特征在于：上面板(1)的厚度为1mm～9mm。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的基于蜂窝三明治结构的吸声承载板，其特征在于：上面板(1)、蜂窝结构(2)和下面板(3)采用木质板材或金属夹层板制成，或者采用塑料、多孔纤维、多孔泡沫材料制成。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的基于蜂窝三明治结构的吸声承载板，其特征在于：蜂窝结构(2)中填充或不填充多孔吸声材料。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的基于蜂窝三明治结构的吸声承载板，其特征在于：上面板(1)跨过蜂窝结构(2)中蜂窝单元的数量最少为两个。
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