CN108188316A - The equipment systems and production technology of a kind of forged steel ball - Google Patents
The equipment systems and production technology of a kind of forged steel ball Download PDFInfo
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- CN108188316A CN108188316A CN201810292838.0A CN201810292838A CN108188316A CN 108188316 A CN108188316 A CN 108188316A CN 201810292838 A CN201810292838 A CN 201810292838A CN 108188316 A CN108188316 A CN 108188316A
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- steel ball
- mold core
- ball
- anvil block
- forged steel
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
- B21J5/025—Closed die forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
- B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
- B21J7/02—Special design or construction
- B21J7/04—Power hammers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides the manufacturing equipments and production technology of a kind of forged steel ball, mainly use numerical control die hammer；The numerical control die hammer includes tup, fuselage, sliding block, upper anvil block, lower anvil block, refrigeration machine, ball swage；The ball swage includes upper card tire, lower card tire, upper mold core, lower mold core, ejector beam, discharging rod；The ball swage is closed die forging ball swage.Production line capital equipment includes heating furnace, bar shears, shifting apparatus, numerical control die hammer, spheronizator and isothermal hardening machine.Have many advantages, such as that steel ball circularity is good, steel ball quality is high, production efficiency is high by the forged steel ball of numerical control die hammer and apparatus for production line production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the equipment systems and production technology of a kind of forged steel ball, belong to forging and stamping manufacturing field.
Background technology
Abrasion-proof steel ball is divided into grinding steel ball, forged steel ball, steel ball casting according to production and processing technology；According to rapidoprint point
For bearing steel ball, stainless steel ball, carbon steel balls, alloying pellet etc..Wherein alloy steel ball is for main addition gold with carbon, chromium, manganese, molybdenum etc.
Belong to element, and by forging, a kind of spherical shape ferroalloy wear body that spinning, the modes such as rolling and casting generate, it is current
Crush the most important components such as industrial mine ball, cement ball.Steel ball is the general term of steel ball, steel section and special-shaped abrasive body.
Divide from shape, circular ball, capsule ball, elliptical shape ball, yin and yang sphere, hollow ball, many-sided ball, mostly scarce ball etc. can be divided into.
There are rough surface, the position at sprue gate easily occurs flat-top and generates change steel ball casting in use at present
Shape and mistake are justified, and influence grinding efficiency；Internal defect, due to using moulding by casting, the interior tissue of ball is coarse, in use
Percentage of damage is high, impact flexibility is small, and ball is bigger, grinding machine is bigger, and it is also bigger to generate broken probability；Be not suitable for wet-milling, cast ball
Wearability depends on chrome content, and the higher chromium content the more wear-resisting, but is perishable the characteristics of chromium, and chromium gets over Gao Yueyi and is corroded,
Sulphur particularly in ore, more than wet-milling under the conditions of using chromium club cause added cost, yield reduce, steel ball casting market
Gradually steel ball is forged to be replaced.
The equipment of forged steel ball is mainly pneumatic hammer currently on the market, pneumatic hammer forged steel ball, because of the strike of pneumatic hammer
Energy is small, and each steel ball needs for a long time repeatedly continuous strike, low production efficiency, it is difficult to meet production requirement amount；And pneumatic hammer
Steel ball is forged, since its blow energy is small, Impulse time is long, its temperature has declined in the case that major diameter steel ball is not accomplished fluently also
The degree forged can not extremely be continued, therefore major diameter steel ball cannot be produced, so as to limit the use scope of steel ball and service life；
In addition, because pneumatic hammer can not accurately control blow energy, limited by its mould therefor, its upper die and lower die can not during strike
Composition one is complete spherical, causes the steel ball circularity forged inadequate；If pressure makes upper mold hit lower die, equipment damage is very
Soon.
Traditional forged steel ball technique, steel ball are not fully filled two bottoms up and down of mold in forging process, cause to forge
The steel ball gone out is there are upper and lower two planar end surfaces, so as to also cause service life low.In addition, also there is internal gold in the steel ball forged
The problems such as symbolic animal of the birth year nonuniform organization.
Invention content
In consideration of it, the present invention provides a kind of manufacturing equipment and production technology of forged steel ball, pass through the selection of manufacturing equipment
The optimization of technological process is designed and produced, improves forged steel ball quality, improves production efficiency.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：A kind of equipment systems of forged steel ball, including numerical control die hammer；Institute
It states numerical control die hammer and includes tup, fuselage, sliding block, upper anvil block, lower anvil block, ball swage；The upper anvil block and lower anvil block difference
On tup and fuselage；The ball swage includes upper card tire, lower card tire, upper mold core, lower mold core；The upper card tire is under
Card tire is separately mounted on anvil block and lower anvil block；The upper mold core and lower mold core are mounted on upper card tire and lower card tire；Institute
The center for stating lower card tire and lower mold core is provided with through-hole, and the discharging rod and ejector beam are equipped in the through-hole；The steel ball
Mold is closed die forging ball swage, and the impression inner cavity of the upper mold core and lower mold core is hemispherical, and upper mold core and lower mold core are closed
Complete spherical impression inner cavity is formed after upper；Further；The upper anvil block and tup, lower anvil block and fuselage, upper card tire with it is upper
Anvil block, lower card tire and lower anvil block, upper mold core and upper card tire, lower mold core and the mounting means of lower card tire are fixed for drift；Further
's；Further include following equipment：Intermediate-frequency heating furnace, bar shears, shifting apparatus, spheronizator, isothermal machine, quenching press；Further
's；The spheronizator includes rack, left roll, right roll, and the left roll, right roll are the helical groove roll with semicircle,
Its longitudinal center line intersects 1 ° to 10 ° of angle, left roll and right roll synchronous rotary in the same direction during work；Further；
The upper mold core and lower mold core are made by the hot-work die steel of 5CrNiMo types；Further；Apply above-mentioned forged steel
The equipment systems of ball, using closed die forging, processing step is as follows：
A, supplied materials is heated to the temperature of material forging；
B, nibbling shear is carried out to supplied materials；
C, the material section after shearing is transferred on the ball swage of the numerical control die hammer and forged；
D, the steel ball after forging is subjected to shape Shape correction；
E, the steel ball after shaping is heat-treated.
Further；Heating in medium frequency stove heat is used in the step A, is sheared in the step B using bar shears,
Section is expected using shifting apparatus transfer in the step C, spheronizator is used to carry out shaping in the step D, is used in the step E
Isothermal machine, quenching press are heat-treated.
Further；Heating temperature in the step A is 1100 ± 20 DEG C.
Further；The case hardness of the forged steel ball produced reaches 55-65HRC, and volume hardness reaches 50-63HRC,
And hardness gradient is evenly distributed；Impact flexibility is more than 12J/cm2。
Using numerical control die hammer forged steel ball, steel ball integral hardness is high, and case hardness can reach 55-65HRC, volume hardness
Reach 50-63HRC, and hardness gradient distribution is average；Impact flexibility is high：Impact flexibility is more than 12J/cm2；Percentage of damage is low：It is anti-broken
Fragility is 10 times or more of general casting forging abrading-ball, and ball falling impact number 20,000 times or more, practical broken rate of grinding ball is not higher than 1%；It is constant
Shape, steel ball will not deform, lose circle from the beginning to the end；The case hardness of the steel ball casting finally manufactured reaches 55-65HRC, and volume is hard
Degree reaches 50-63HRC, and hardness gradient is evenly distributed；Impact flexibility is more than 12J/cm2.Steel ball appearance and size range is big, steel ball
Specification is unrestricted, can produce the steel ball of 200 millimeters of diameter or more.
The beneficial effect comprise that：Steel ball production is forged by using the automation of numerical control die hammer, is made full use of
The advantages of numerical control die hammer such as blow speed, are fast, energy range is big, energy accurately controls, production efficiency is high, use scope
Extensively, the features such as safety easy to operate, cooperation robot can realize automatic production line has small investment, efficient, production steel
Ball size range is big, can produce steel ball more than diameter 200mm, and maximum gauge can reach 450mm；This is that pneumatic hammer can not be realized
, in the case of using closed die forging, the service life of ball swage may also reach up 3 times of pneumatic hammer, this is to research and develop
Before production it is not expected that, the extension of ball swage service life effectively reduce mold consumption in steel ball production into
This.
Mandatory to allow raw material full of cavity by using closed die forging steel ball forging technology, non-trimming generates, during die forging
Blank metal is molded in the spherical module impression inner cavity of closing so that geometry, dimensional accuracy, the surface matter of steel ball forging
Amount improves the circularity of steel ball to greatest extent close to finished product steel ball, has and saves material, power that is energy saving, improving steel ball
The advantages that learning performance and production efficiency；Discharging rod and ejector beam are devised in closed die forging ball swage simultaneously, before forging
During charging, discharging rod and ejector beam are in full state, and after tup is completed in forging to be lifted, discharging rod and ejector beam rise, will
Steel ball jacks up, and facilitates discharging, improves production efficiency；Finishing is carried out to steel ball using spheronizator, including circularity finishing and unhairing
Thorn, effectively raises the circularity of steel ball, and circularity can reach more than 0.98, hence it is evident that extend the service life of steel ball.
Simultaneously using the technological process of production of optimization, cut using heating in medium frequency stove heat, bar shears, numerical control die forging
Hammering is made, spheronizator shaping, Warming machine and quenching press heat treatment and etc. so that raw material both can use hot rolled circular steel, can also
With hot rolling steel billet, charge length is unlimited, is easy to tissue production, safety easy to operate, the steel ball surface quality produced is good, steel ball
Circularity is good, hardness is big, steel ball interior tissue is finer and closely woven, substantially prolongs the service life of steel ball, and the steel ball specification produced is not
It is restricted, coordinates forging machine people that can realize automatic production line, greatly improve production efficiency.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 numerical control die hammer schematic diagrames.
Fig. 2 steel ball forging technology schematic diagrames.
Fig. 3 numerical controls die hammer automates forge steel ball producing process device layout schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 closed die forging ball swage structure diagrams.
Fig. 5 spheronizator schematic diagrames（Top is divided into side view, and lower part is divided into vertical view）.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with attached drawing with reference to embodiments, but does not therefore limit the present invention to specific
Embodiment in.
Reference numeral is as follows：Heating furnace 1, bar shears 2, robot 3, numerical control die hammer 4, spheronizator 5, isothermal machine
With quenching press 6, tup 41, fuselage 42, sliding block 43, lower anvil block 44, electricity refrigeration 45, ball swage 46, upper anvil block 47, upper card tire
461, lower card tire 462, upper mold core 463, drift 464, lower mold core 465, discharging rod 466, ejector beam 467, rack 51, right roll
52, left roll 53.
A kind of equipment systems of forged steel ball, the forged steel ball of the invention can be more than or equal to for diameter
20mm is less than 30mm or can be more than the forged steel ball that 180mm is less than or equal to 450mm for diameter, the forging in above-mentioned diameter range
Making steel ball can not realize substantially on current pneumatic hammer, and the equipment systems of forged steel ball include numerical control die hammer；By Fig. 1
With Fig. 3 it is found that numerical control die hammer 4 mainly includes tup 41, fuselage 42, sliding block 43, lower anvil block 44, electricity refrigeration 45, ball swage
46 grades combination parts, wherein ball swage are divided into two parts and are separately mounted to the upper anvil block 47 of numerical control die hammer and lower anvil block 44
On, it is fixed with drift；Upper anvil block 47 and lower anvil block 44 are separately mounted on tup 41 and fuselage 42, are fixed with drift.
As shown in Figure 4, closed die forging ball swage by upper card tire 461, lower card tire 462, upper mold core 463, drift 464, under
The parts such as mold core 465, ejector beam 467, discharging rod 466 form, wherein upper and lower mold core is the executor of direct forging mold,
The hot-work die steel of 5CrNiMo types need to be used to make, upper mold core 463 and lower mold core 465 by drift 464 respectively with upper card
Tire 461 and lower card tire 462 are securely installed, by the clamping or dismounting of drift, convenient for the replacement and repair of upper and lower mold core, drop
Low mould production cost.
What the production of forged steel ball was mainly forged by numerical control die hammer, make full use of numerical control die hammer strike speed
Degree is fast, energy range is big, production efficiency is high, use scope is wide, safety easy to operate, coordinates forging machine people that can realize certainly
The features such as dynamic metaplasia producing line, the steel ball forged have that circularity is good, steel ball surface quality is good, steel ball interior tissue is finer and closely woven, production
Quality is greatly improved, and extends the service life of steel ball.
By Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 it is found that forging production technique and the apparatus for production line layout of forged steel ball：First by the circle of supplied materials
Bar is heated to 1100 ± 20 DEG C, then carries out nibbling shear blanking with charge bar cutter entirely through heating in medium frequency stove heat,
Cut into material section of the length for H, a diameter of φ D, steel ball mould of the round bar section of high temperature through robotic gripper to numerical control die hammer
On tool, the forging of steel ball is directly carried out, shaping is then carried out to the steel ball after forging and obtains the steel ball that radius is SRd, Ran Hougen
According to the different purposes of steel ball, using different heat treatment process general in industry, so as to ensure steel ball quality and service life.
The automation of numerical control die hammer forges steel ball, mandatory to allow using enclosed blocking using closed die forging ball swage
Raw material are full of cavity, improve the circularity of steel ball, extend steel ball service life.Production line capital equipment includes adding as shown in Figure 3
Hot stove 1, bar shears 2, robot 3, numerical control die hammer 4, spheronizator 5 and isothermal hardening machine 6.Heating furnace and sheared blank
Machine is responsible for a former bar to be heated and be segmented, and shifting apparatus is by the hot pin material clamping of segmentation to numerical control die hammer ball swage
In, numerical control die hammer forges steel ball according to preset energy, by two hammers to the forging of three hammers, process only 5
By 6 seconds, steel ball was basically completed forging and molding, and steel ball is ejected lower mold core 465 through ejector beam 466 and discharging rod 467, is transmitted to
Spheronizator carries out shape shaping, and entire steel ball forging flow terminates, is finally heat-treated, utilized by isothermal machine, quenching press
Steel ball waste heat after forging is heat-treated steel ball, improves interior tissue, improves the integral hardness of steel ball, extends steel ball and uses
Service life.The transfer robot of ABB AB of U.S. production can be used in robot in the present invention.
Fig. 5 illustrates the primary structure and working portion of a spheronizator, is mainly rolled including rack 51, right roll 52, a left side
Roller 53, left and right roll are the helical groove roll with semicircle, and longitudinal center line intersects 5 ° of angle, and when work is left and right
Roll synchronous rotary in the same direction, steel ball carry out circularity finishing and deburring in centre, effectively raise the circularity of steel ball, extend steel
The service life of ball.
By numerical control die hammer forged steel ball, steel ball integral hardness is high, and case hardness can reach 55-65HRC, volume hardness
Reach 50-63HRC, and hardness gradient distribution is average；Impact flexibility is high, and impact flexibility is more than 12J/cm2；Percentage of damage is low, resists broken
Fragility is 10 times or more of general casting forging abrading-ball, and ball falling impact number 20,000 times or more, practical broken rate of grinding ball is not higher than 1%；Production
Steel ball specification it is unrestricted, steel ball more than diameter 200mm can be produced；And steel ball will not deform from the beginning to the end when in use,
Lose circle.
The automation of numerical control die hammer forges steel ball production, the advantages of making full use of numerical control die hammer, have production efficiency it is high,
Steel ball circularity is good, steel ball surface quality is good, steel ball interior tissue is finer and closely woven, steel ball specification is unrestricted, it is easy to operate safety,
The advantages that cooperation forging machine people can realize automatic production line.The steel ball forged is compared with pneumatic hammer product just like following table
The characteristics of shown, is widely used in the industries such as mine, steel mill, chemical industry, building materials, cement, metallurgy, thermal power plant.
Embodiment of the present invention is illustrative rather than limited, therefore the present invention is not limited to specific real
Apply the embodiment described in mode, every other embodiment party obtained according to the technique and scheme of the present invention by those skilled in the art
Formula also belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of equipment systems of forged steel ball, it is characterised in that：Including numerical control die hammer；The numerical control die hammer includes
Tup, fuselage, sliding block, upper anvil block, lower anvil block, ball swage；The upper anvil block and lower anvil block are separately mounted to tup and fuselage
On；The ball swage includes upper card tire, lower card tire, upper mold core, lower mold core；The upper card tire and lower card tire are separately mounted to
On anvil block and lower anvil block；The upper mold core and lower mold core are mounted on upper card tire and lower card tire；In the lower card tire and lower mold core
Center be provided with through-hole, the discharging rod and ejector beam are installed in the through-hole；The ball swage is closed mould forged steel
The impression inner cavity of ball mold, the upper mold core and lower mold core is hemispherical, and upper mold core and lower mold core form complete ball after closing
Shape impression inner cavity.
2. a kind of equipment systems of forged steel ball according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The upper anvil block and hammer
Head, lower anvil block and fuselage, upper card tire and upper anvil block, lower card tire and lower anvil block, upper mold core and upper card tire, lower mold core and lower card tire
Mounting means is fixed for drift.
3. a kind of equipment systems of forged steel ball, it is characterised in that：Further include following equipment：Intermediate-frequency heating furnace, bar are cut
Cut machine, shifting apparatus, spheronizator, isothermal machine, quenching press.
4. a kind of equipment systems of forged steel ball according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：The spheronizator includes
Rack, left roll, right roll, the left roll, right roll are the helical groove roll with semicircle, and longitudinal center line is mutually handed over
1 ° to 10 ° of angle of fork, left roll and right roll synchronous rotary in the same direction during work.
5. a kind of equipment systems of forged steel ball according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The upper mold core is under
Mold core is made by the hot-work die steel of 5CrNiMo types.
6. a kind of production technology of forged steel ball, which is characterized in that apply such as claim 1-5 any one of them forged steels
The equipment systems of ball, using closed die forging, processing step is as follows：
A, supplied materials is heated to the temperature of material forging；
B, nibbling shear is carried out to supplied materials；
C, the material section after shearing is transferred on the ball swage of the numerical control die hammer and forged；
D, the steel ball after forging is subjected to shape Shape correction；
E, the steel ball after shaping is heat-treated.
7. a kind of production technology of forged steel ball according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：In being used in the step A
Frequency heats stove heat, is sheared in the step B using bar shears, expects section, institute using shifting apparatus transfer in the step C
It states in step D and shaping is carried out using spheronizator, be heat-treated in the step E using isothermal machine, quenching press.
8. a kind of production technology of forged steel ball according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Heating in the step A
Temperature is 1100 ± 20 DEG C.
9. a kind of production technology of forged steel ball according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：The forged steel ball produced
Case hardness reaches 55-65HRC, and volume hardness reaches 50-63HRC, and hardness gradient is evenly distributed；Impact flexibility is more than 12J/
cm2。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810292838.0A CN108188316A (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2018-04-04 | The equipment systems and production technology of a kind of forged steel ball |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810292838.0A CN108188316A (en) | 2018-04-04 | 2018-04-04 | The equipment systems and production technology of a kind of forged steel ball |
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Family
ID=62596612
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| CN104907835A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-09-16 | 侯宇岷 | Multi-head rotary-cut roll forging roller |
| CN104972042A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-10-14 | 第一拖拉机股份有限公司 | Hammer die forging die for half shaft die forgings and hammer die forging process of hammer die forging die |
| CN105112613A (en) * | 2015-07-23 | 2015-12-02 | 江阴东邦钢球机械有限公司 | Method for producing steel balls through stamping and rounding |
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| CN206854578U (en) * | 2017-06-15 | 2018-01-09 | 钢诺新材料股份有限公司 | Forge steel ball production line |
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| CN207127513U (en) * | 2017-07-22 | 2018-03-23 | 钢诺新材料股份有限公司 | Forging rolling steel ball production line |
| CN208099212U (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-11-16 | 安阳锻压数控设备有限公司 | A kind of equipment systems of forged steel ball |
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