CN207066900U - A kind of malleable system safety testing device of ferrous materials - Google Patents
A kind of malleable system safety testing device of ferrous materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN207066900U CN207066900U CN201720838234.2U CN201720838234U CN207066900U CN 207066900 U CN207066900 U CN 207066900U CN 201720838234 U CN201720838234 U CN 201720838234U CN 207066900 U CN207066900 U CN 207066900U
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- 238000009781 safety test method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 141
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- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 77
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- 208000037656 Respiratory Sounds Diseases 0.000 description 9
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 10,10-dioxo-2-[4-(N-phenylanilino)phenyl]thioxanthen-9-one Chemical compound O=C1c2ccccc2S(=O)(=O)c2ccc(cc12)-c1ccc(cc1)N(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 FGRBYDKOBBBPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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- 229910000617 Mangalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of malleable system safety testing device of ferrous materials, its device includes PLC, dividing plate, crack comprehensive tester, motor I, little gear, gear wheel, support, connecting rod I, cam, connecting rod II, compression piston, compression cylinder, upper air valve, lower air valve, working cylinder, working piston, hammer stem, tup, upper anvil block, lower anvil block, lower mould base, crawler belt, travelling gear, motor II, infrared radiation thermometer, forging stock is forged, collect forging stock forging process and crack situation, length whether is cracked and cracked in forging process according to blank, the form such as width and quantity judges its malleability；The utility model can examine whether ferrous materials have malleability to a certain extent, and technique is simple, and cost is low, so as to optimize material composition and forging technology according to its malleable degree, the workload and percent defective in forging process are reduced, hammered work efficiency is improved, obtains larger economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
A kind of malleable system safety testing device of ferrous materials is the utility model is related to, belongs to metal material technical field of forging.
Background technology
The malleability of ferrous materials is when carrying out pressure processing, changes its shape by processing to make it not crack
Performance, be included in that high temperature is hot or cold conditions be lower carries out obtaining the processing mode such as hammering, rolling, stretching, extruding.Ferrous materials pass through
Its wearability, tensile strength, toughness have different degrees of raising after crossing forging.Potassium steel forging technology performance in abrasion-resistant stee
It is poor with machining property, cause it to be processed after mainly handling in the as-cast condition by generation and harden raising wearability, compared with
Hardly possible obtains forging state high manganese steel wear resistant part, and the anti-wear performance of potassium steel is not in full use, and also limit height to a certain extent
The use of manganese steel.Mechanical performance is improved after potassium steel forging, turning, drilling etc. can be carried out as forging abrasive austenic potassium steel
Military service performance lay a good foundation.Forge crack is a problem very serious in forging process, and it has influence on material
Performance, the fracture of ferrous materials in use account for its certain proportion of failing, mainly during use by
The defects of being cracked to the influences of the factors such as stress is excessive, material deformation causes Materials Fracture, therefore before being taken into use
Solve the forgeability of material, for could utilize forging improve performance and in use pre- Anti-cracking produce have it is important
Meaning.
At present, whether there is malleability mainly according to various detection means for material during domestic production application
Such as detect a flaw to judge, for production in enormous quantities and forging technology, cost is larger, cycle length, for being forged in forging process
On-line checking research is less caused by the forging situation of change and crackle of base.
The content of the invention
The problem of existing for prior art, the utility model provide a kind of malleable system safety testing device of ferrous materials, passed through
Forging equipment forges to forging stock, the forging stock forging process monitoring on-line and collect and cracks situation, so as to root
According to blank the forms such as length, width and quantity whether are cracked and cracked to judge its malleability in forging process,
Forgeability and batch production for further analysis of material provide certain directive function.
The utility model provides a kind of malleable system safety testing device of ferrous materials, including PLC 1, dividing plate 2, crack are comprehensive
Close tester 3, motor I 4, little gear 5, gear wheel 6, support 7, connecting rod I 8, cam 9, connecting rod II 10, compression piston 11, pressure
Contracting cylinder 12, upper air valve 13, lower air valve 14, working cylinder 15, working piston 16, hammer stem 17, tup 18, upper anvil block 19, lower anvil
Block 20, lower mould base 21, infrared radiation thermometer 22, crawler belt 24, travelling gear 25, motor II 26, PLC 1 and motor I
4 are connected, and little gear 5 is connected with the output end of motor I 4, and gear wheel 6 is meshed with little gear 5, and gear wheel 6 is entered by support 7
Row is fixed, and one end of connecting rod I 8 passes through the central shaft of gear wheel 6, other end connection cam 9, cam 9 also with connecting rod II 10 one
End connection, the other end of connecting rod II 10 pass through compression cylinder 12, and connecting rod II 10 is provided with compression through one end of compression cylinder 12 and lived
Plug 11, compression piston 11 is horizontally installed on inside compression cylinder 12, and dividing plate 2 is provided between compression cylinder 12 and working cylinder 15,
The top of dividing plate 2 is provided with upper air valve 13, and bottom is provided with lower air valve 14, working piston 16, working piston are provided with working cylinder 15
16 are horizontally installed on inside working cylinder 15, and working piston 16 is arranged on the top of hammer stem 17, and the other end of hammer stem 17 is connected with hammer
First 18, the bottom of tup 18 is provided with upper anvil block 19, lower anvil block 20 and the upper face of anvil block 19, and lower anvil block 20 is arranged on lower mould base 21
On, the forging stock 23 under the operation window face of crack comprehensive tester 3 between anvil block 20 and upper anvil block 19, crack comprehensive tester
Infrared radiation thermometer 22 is housed on 3 operation window, infrared radiation thermometer 22 is monitored to the temperature change of forging stock 23, crawler belt 24 with
Lower anvil block 20 is concordant, and travelling gear 25 is meshed with crawler belt 24, and the power transmission shaft of travelling gear 25 is connected with motor II 26, electronic
Machine II 26 is also connected with PLC 1.
The longest distance in the edge of the cam 9 to axle center is not more than the height of compression cylinder 12.
Bearing I is provided between the connecting rod II 10 and compression cylinder 12, during connecting rod II 10 moves up and down, compression
It is not in communication with the outside inside cylinder 12；Bearing II is provided between hammer stem 17 and working cylinder 15, in the mistake that hammer stem 17 moves up and down
Cheng Zhong, inside working cylinder 15 not with ft connection.
The hammer stem 17, tup 18, upper anvil block 19, lower anvil block 20, the material of lower mould base 21 are 5CrMnMo, upper anvil block
19th, lower anvil block 20 is double beckirons, and quality is 100 ~ 150kg.
The rotating speed of the motor I 4 is 750 ~ 3000r/min, can regulate and control rotating speed by PLC 1 according to forging stock material.
The surface of crawler belt 24 scribbles thermostable heat insulation silicide fibrous material to prevent crawler belt from overheating.
The crack comprehensive tester 3 is commercially available to be obtained, model：ZBL-F800 cracks comprehensive tester.
The method of testing of malleability is carried out using the device, is comprised the following steps that：
（1）Forging stock pre-processes：Forging blank is quickly heated up to the initial forging temperature of forging in heating furnace, is incubated 3 ~ 5min
After take out；
（2）By step（1）Obtained pretreated forging stock is placed in test device, is carried out forging test, is used dress
Put when being forged, pretreated forging stock 23 is placed on lower anvil block 20, open crack comprehensive tester 3, open PLC controls
Device 1 processed, PLC 1 control motor I 4 to start, the rotary speed working that motor I 4 is set according to PLC 1, motor I
4 drive little gear 5 to rotate when rotating, and little gear 5 drives gear wheel 6 to rotate, and the drivening rod I 8 of gear wheel 6 rotates, the band of connecting rod I 8
Moving cam 9 is rotated, and when cam 9 rotates, drivening rod II 10 is moved up and down, and compression piston 11 is driven when connecting rod II 10 moves up and down
Move up and down；When compression piston 11 moves upwards, compressed gas is moved upwards, and upper air valve 13 is washed open by gas, compression cylinder 12
The passage that interior gas is opened from upper air valve 13 enters the top of working cylinder 15, and compression work piston 16 moves downward, work
The gas of the bottom of piston 16 is compressed, and lower air valve 14 is washed open by gas, and the gas of the bottom of working cylinder 15 is opened from lower air valve 14
Passage enter compression cylinder 12 bottom, working piston 16 drive hammer stem 17 move downward, hammer stem 17 move downward after its bottom
The upper anvil block 19 in portion moves downward, and hammers on the forging stock 23 positioned at lower anvil block 20, forging stock 23 is forged；Cam 9 to
During its short distance end motion, connecting rod II 10 moves downward, and drives compression piston 12 to move downward, compression piston 12 compresses below
Gas, lower air valve 14 are washed open by gas, and the gas of the bottom of compression cylinder 12 is got into the bottom of working cylinder 15, by working piston
16 jack up, and working piston 16 moves upwards, and hammer stem 17 drives tup 18, upper anvil block 19 to move upwards, leaves forging stock 23, while work
The gas for making the top of piston 16 is compressed, and gas washes upper air valve 13 open, and the passage that the gas on top is opened from upper air valve 13 enters
The top of compression cylinder 12；During the long short distance switching of cam 9, tup 18 drives upper anvil block 19 ceaselessly to forging stock 23
Forged, crack comprehensive tester 3 records to the surface topography of the forging process of forging stock 23, and infrared radiation thermometer 22 is to whole
The temperature of forging process is monitored, and PLC 1 is controlled to the rotating speed of motor I 4 and working time；
（3）When infrared radiation thermometer 22 tests out the final forging temperature of forging, forging is completed, crack comprehensive tester 3 is gathered
The data arrived preserve, and PLC 1 closes motor I 4 and opens motor II 26, and motor II 26 drives and lower anvil block 20
Concordant crawler belt 24 moves, and it is cold that the assigned direction that the forging stock 23 forged is placed on crawler belt 24 is sent into setting place progress heap
To room temperature, the result monitored on-line and gathered according to crack comprehensive tester 3 is analyzed, and further detects its surface for processing
Whether there is obvious macroscopic cracking, judged according to the pattern of crackle, length, width and quantity etc. under steel and iron parts quality standard
Its malleability.
The forging stock is carbon steel, can be mild steel, medium carbon steel, high-carbon steel.
The forging temperature selects according to material type, and the initial forging temperature of carbon steel is 1000 ~ 1200 DEG C, and final forging temperature is
810~850℃。
Step（1）The heating ramp rate is 1.8 ~ 7.5 DEG C/s.
Step（3）The determination methods of the malleability, for caused crack length（L）, width（W）And quantity（n）
Judged：
1. L ＜ 10mm, W ＜ 2mm, n ＜ 2, ferrous materials are malleable；
2. 10mm≤L ＜ 30mm, W ＜ 2 ~ 3mm, n ＜ 2 ~ 4, ferrous materials inside is detected, and whether crackle is by forging stock surface
Inner thickness more than 1/2 is extended to, crack growth depth is then reprocessed less than internal depth 1/2, if meeting it after reprocessing makes
With standard, then ferrous materials are malleable, and otherwise material is immalleable；
3. L >=30mm, W >=3mm, n ＞ 4, its malleability difference or ferrous materials are immalleable.
The beneficial effects of the utility model：
（1）The forging stock crackle situation of change monitored on-line and collected according to crack comprehensive tester, including it is caused
Position and temperature, the forms pair such as length, width and quantity whether are cracked and cracked in forging process according to blank
Whether ferrous materials there is malleability to carry out qualitative analysis, and the method for testing of ferrous materials malleability is passed through to material product
Purposes etc. is instructed.
（2）Present apparatus method of testing technique is simple, and production cost is low, and the cycle is shorter, can judge steel to a certain extent
Material malleability, so as to material composition and technique etc. improve the malleable ability of steel, for improve ferrous materials malleability and
Improve ferrous materials performance and guidance is provided.
（3）The device that ferrous materials malleability method of testing uses by PLC, crack comprehensive tester, motor,
Crawler belt, travelling gear etc. are formed, and outside with infrared radiation thermometer measurement forging stock temperature, are more had for the malleable Journal of Sex Research of ferrous materials
Body is reliable.
（4）Different ratio of height to diameter blanks can be forged in general carbon steel material, raising judges ferrous materials malleability
Application.
Brief description of the drawings
The structural representation of Fig. 1 the utility model ferrous materials are malleable system safety testing device；
In figure, 1-PLC controllers, 2- dividing plates, 3- cracks comprehensive tester, 4- motor I, 5- little gears, 6- gear wheels,
7- supports, 8- connecting rods I, 9- cams, 10- connecting rods II, 11- compression pistons, 12- compression cylinders, 13- upper air valves, 14- lower air valves,
15- working cylinders, 16- working pistons, 17- hammer stems, 18- tups, the upper anvil blocks of 19-, anvil block under 20-, mould base under 21-, 22- are red
Outer temperature measurer, 23- forging stocks, 24- crawler belts, 25- travelling gears, 26- motor II.
Embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, the utility model is described in further detail, but guarantor of the present utility model
Shield scope is not limited to the content.
Embodiment 1
A kind of ferrous materials of the present embodiment are malleable system safety testing device, forging stock used are bar-shaped, diameter 75mm, height 150mm,
Its component and percentage by weight are as shown in table 1.
Table 1
The present embodiment is malleable system safety testing device, including PLC 1, dividing plate 2, crack comprehensive tester 3, motor I 4,
Little gear 5, gear wheel 6, support 7, connecting rod I 8, cam 9, connecting rod II 10, compression piston 11, compression cylinder 12, upper air valve 13, under
It is air valve 14, working cylinder 15, working piston 16, hammer stem 17, tup 18, upper anvil block 19, lower anvil block 20, lower mould base 21, infrared
Temperature measurer 22, crawler belt 24, travelling gear 25, motor II 26, PLC 1 are connected with motor I 4, little gear 5 and electronic
The output end connection of machine I 4, gear wheel 6 are meshed with little gear 5, and gear wheel 6 is fixed by support 7, one end of connecting rod I 8
Through the central shaft of gear wheel 6, other end connection cam 9, the one end of cam 9 also with connecting rod II 10 is connected, connecting rod II 10 it is another
One end passes through compression cylinder 12, and one end of connecting rod II 10 through compression cylinder 12 is provided with compression piston 11, and compression piston 11 is laterally
It is arranged on inside compression cylinder 12, dividing plate 2 is provided between compression cylinder 12 and working cylinder 15, the top of dividing plate 2 is provided with upper gas
Valve 13, bottom are provided with lower air valve 14, are provided with working piston 16 in working cylinder 15, working piston 16 is horizontally installed on working cylinder
Inside 15, working piston 16 is arranged on the top of hammer stem 17, and the other end of hammer stem 17 is connected with tup 18, and the bottom of tup 18 is provided with upper
Anvil block 19, lower anvil block 20 and the upper face of anvil block 19, lower anvil block 20 are arranged on lower mould base 21, the work of crack comprehensive tester 3
Make the forging stock 23 between anvil block 20 and upper anvil block 19 under window face, be equipped with the operation window of crack comprehensive tester 3 infrared
Temperature measurer 22, infrared radiation thermometer 22 are monitored to the temperature change of forging stock 23, and crawler belt 24 is concordant with lower anvil block 20, travelling gear
25 are meshed with crawler belt 24, and the power transmission shaft of travelling gear 25 is connected with motor II 26, motor II 26 also with PLC 1
Connection；The longest distance in the edge of cam 9 to axle center is not more than the height of compression cylinder 12, connecting rod II 10 and compression cylinder 12 it
Between be provided with bearing I, connecting rod II 10 move up and down during, be not in communication with the outside inside compression cylinder 12；Hammer stem 17 and work
Make to be provided with bearing II between cylinder 15, hammer stem 17 move up and down during, inside working cylinder 15 not with ft connection；Hammer
Bar 17, tup 18, upper anvil block 19, lower anvil block 20, the material of lower mould base 21 are 5CrMnMo, and upper anvil block 19, lower anvil block 20 are double
Beckiron, quality 100kg；The surface of crawler belt 24 scribbles thermostable heat insulation silicide fibrous material to prevent crawler belt from overheating；Crack
Comprehensive tester 3 is commercially available to be obtained, model：ZBL-F800 cracks comprehensive tester.
Malleability method of testing is carried out using the device, is comprised the following steps that：
（1）Forging stock pre-processes：By different forging blanks in voltage power 700KW heating furnace, heated with 5.5 DEG C/s
Speed is heated to 1200 DEG C, is taken out after being incubated 4min；
（2）By step（1）Obtained pretreated forging stock 23 is placed on lower anvil block 20, opens crack comprehensive tester
3, PLC 1 is opened, PLC 1 controls motor I 4 to start, and setting the work of motor I 4 according to PLC 1 turns
Speed is 1500r/min, drives little gear 5 to rotate when motor I 4 rotates, and little gear 5 drives gear wheel 6 to rotate, the band of gear wheel 6
Dynamic connecting rod I 8 rotates, and the band moving cam 9 of connecting rod I 8 rotates, cam 9 to during its long-range end motion, long-range end be the edge of cam 9 from
The farthest one end in center, drivening rod II 10 move up and down, and drive compression piston 11 to move up and down when connecting rod II 10 moves up and down,
When compression piston 11 moves upwards, compressed gas is moved upwards, and upper air valve 13 is washed open by gas, the gas in compression cylinder 12 from
The passage that upper air valve 13 is opened enters the top of working cylinder 15, and compression work piston 16 moves downward, the bottom of working piston 16
Gas compressed, lower air valve 14 is washed open by gas, and the passage that the gas of the bottom of working cylinder 15 is opened from lower air valve 14 enters
The bottom of compression cylinder 12, working piston 16 drive hammer stem 17 to move downward, and hammer stem 17 moves downward the upper anvil block of its rear bottom
19 move downward, and hammer on the forging stock 23 positioned at lower anvil block 20, forging stock 23 is forged, now infrared radiation thermometer 22 monitors
To the temperature of forging stock 23 be 1146 DEG C, but because since heating furnace by material move to lower anvil block 20 and forge time compared with
It is short, and forging stock internal cooling is slower, can be ignored so this temperature reduces；Cam 9 is short to during its short distance end motion
Cheng Duan is the edge of cam 9 one end nearest far from center, and connecting rod II 10 moves downward, and drives compression piston 12 to move downward, and compresses
Piston 12 compresses gas below, and lower air valve 14 is washed open by air pressure, and the gas of the bottom of compression cylinder 12 is got into working cylinder
15 bottom, working piston 16 is jacked up, working piston 16 moves upwards, and hammer stem 17 drives tup 18, upper anvil block 19 to transport upwards
It is dynamic, forging stock 23 is left, the gas on the top of working piston 16 is compressed, gas washes upper air valve 13 open, and the gas on top is from upper
The passage that air valve 13 is opened enters the top of compression cylinder 12；During the long short distance switching of cam 9, tup 18 is back and forth transported
It is dynamic to drive upper anvil block 19 ceaselessly to be forged to forging stock 23, surface shape of the crack comprehensive tester 3 to the forging process of forging stock 23
Looks are recorded, and infrared radiation thermometer 22 is monitored to the temperature of whole forging process, and PLC 1 turns to motor I 4
Speed and working time are controlled；
（3）When the test temperature of infrared radiation thermometer 22 is 810 DEG C, forging is completed, the number that crack comprehensive tester 3 is collected
According to preservation, PLC 1 closes motor I 4 and opens motor II 26, and motor II 26 drives concordant with lower anvil block 20
Crawler belt 24 moves, and the assigned direction that the forging stock 23 forged is placed on crawler belt 24 is sent into setting place carries out heap cold treatment extremely
Room temperature, the result monitored on-line and gathered according to crack comprehensive tester 3 are analyzed, and further detect whether its surface has
There is obvious macroscopic cracking, judge that its is malleable under steel and iron parts quality standard according to the pattern of crackle, length, width and quantity etc.
Degree.
During high temperature forging through beating plasticity change occurs for the forging that embodiment is gathered by crack comprehensive tester 3
Shape, forging process crack comprehensive tester 3 have not tested crack generation, and forging surface is more bright and clean, is split without obvious macroscopic view
Line, for caused crack length（L）And width（W）And quantity（n）Meet：L ＜ 10mm, W ＜ 2mm, n ＜ 2, will in forging
Ask in allowed band, material is malleable, and has good forgeability, and the blank of identical dimensions is forged in factory
Make, the conclusion that its result the present embodiment is drawn is coincide, and is produced substantially without forge crack.
Embodiment 2
A kind of ferrous materials of the present embodiment are malleable system safety testing device, forging stock are bar-shaped, diameter 75mm, length 150mm, its group
Divide and percentage by weight is as shown in table 2.
Table 2
The forging test device that the present embodiment uses is same as Example 1.
Malleability method of testing is carried out using the device, is comprised the following steps that：
（1）Forging stock pre-processes：By different forging blanks in voltage power 700KW heating furnace, heated with 7.5 DEG C/s
Speed is heated to 1150 DEG C, is taken out after being incubated 3min；
（2）By step（1）Obtained pretreated forging stock 23 is placed on lower anvil block 20, opens crack comprehensive tester
3, PLC 1 is opened, PLC 1 controls motor I 4 to start, and setting the work of motor I 4 according to PLC 1 turns
Speed is 750r/min, drives little gear 5 to rotate when motor I 4 rotates, and little gear 5 drives gear wheel 6 to rotate, and gear wheel 6 drives
Connecting rod I 8 rotates, and the band moving cam 9 of connecting rod I 8 rotates, and for cam 9 to during its long-range end motion, long-range end is the edge of cam 9 from
The farthest one end of the heart, drivening rod II 10 move up and down, and drive compression piston 11 to move up and down when connecting rod II 10 moves up and down, and press
When contracting piston 11 moves upwards, compressed gas is moved upwards, and upper air valve 13 is washed open by gas, and the gas in compression cylinder 12 is from upper
The passage that air valve 13 is opened enters the top of working cylinder 15, and compression work piston 16 moves downward, the bottom of working piston 16
Gas is compressed, and lower air valve 14 is washed open by gas, and the passage that the gas of the bottom of working cylinder 15 is opened from lower air valve 14 enters pressure
The bottom of contracting cylinder 12, working piston 16 drive hammer stem 17 to move downward, and hammer stem 17 moves downward the upper anvil block 19 of its rear bottom
Move downward, hammer on the forging stock 23 positioned at lower anvil block 20, forging stock 23 is forged, now infrared radiation thermometer 22 monitors
The temperature of forging stock 23 be 1145 DEG C, but because since heating furnace by material move to lower anvil block 20 and forge time it is shorter,
And forging stock internal cooling is slower, can be ignored so this temperature reduces；Cam 9 is to during its short distance end motion, short distance
Hold and moved downward for the edge of cam 9 one end nearest far from center, connecting rod II 10, drive compression piston 12 to move downward, compression is lived
The gas of the compression of plug 12 below, lower air valve 14 are washed open by air pressure, and the gas of the bottom of compression cylinder 12 is got into working cylinder 15
Bottom, working piston 16 is jacked up, working piston 16 moves upwards, and hammer stem 17 drives tup 18, upper anvil block 19 to move upwards,
Forging stock 23 is left, the gas on the top of working piston 16 is compressed, gas washes upper air valve 13 open, and the gas on top is from upper air valve
13 passages opened enter the top of compression cylinder 12；During the long short distance switching of cam 9, tup 18 moves back and forth band
Dynamic upper anvil block 19 ceaselessly forges to forging stock 23, and crack comprehensive tester 3 enters to the surface topography of the forging process of forging stock 23
Row record, infrared radiation thermometer 22 is monitored to the temperature of whole forging process, PLC 1 to the rotating speed of motor I 4 and
Working time is controlled；
（3）When the test temperature of infrared radiation thermometer 22 is 830 DEG C, forging is completed, the number that crack comprehensive tester 3 is collected
According to preservation, PLC 1 closes motor I 4 and opens motor II 26, and motor II 26 drives concordant with lower anvil block 20
Crawler belt 24 moves, and the assigned direction that the forging stock 23 forged is placed on crawler belt 24 is sent into setting place carries out heap cold treatment extremely
Room temperature, the result monitored on-line and gathered according to crack comprehensive tester 3 are analyzed, and further detect whether its surface has
There is obvious macroscopic cracking, judge that its is malleable under steel and iron parts quality standard according to the pattern of crackle, length, width and quantity etc.
Degree.
During high temperature forging through beating plasticity change occurs for the forging that crack comprehensive tester 3 is gathered in the present embodiment
Shape, the test of forging process crack comprehensive tester 3 has a small amount of crack to produce to the middle and upper part of forging, in the reality of infrared radiation thermometer 22
When thermometric under find crack caused by temperature at 996 DEG C, the most long crack length 12mm in its surface, width 2.5mm, quantity n are
3, for caused crack length（L）And width（W）And quantity（n）Meet：10mm≤L ＜ 30mm, W ＜ 2 ~ 3mm, n ＜ 2 ~
4, Crack Extension to the internal depth for cutting observation material surface is 5mm, and not more than the 1/2 of forging stock inner thickness, material can enter
Row is reprocessed and will remove face crack；The blank of identical dimensions is forged in factory, its result is surface most long crack
For 10mm, width 2mm, quantity 3, it is 3mm to cut observation crack depth, is matched with the conclusion that the present embodiment is drawn.
Embodiment 3
A kind of ferrous materials of the present embodiment are malleable system safety testing device, forging stock are bar-shaped, diameter 75mm, length 150mm, its group
Divide and percentage by weight is as shown in table 3.
Table 3
The forging test device that the present embodiment uses is same as Example 1.
Malleability method of testing is carried out using the device, is comprised the following steps that：
（1）Forging stock pre-processes：Forging stock is pre-processed by different forging blanks in voltage power 700KW heating furnace, with 6
DEG C/s heating rates to 1000 DEG C, be incubated 3min after take out；
（2）By step（1）Obtained pretreated forging stock 23 is placed on lower anvil block 20, opens crack comprehensive tester
3, PLC 1 is opened, PLC 1 controls motor I 4 to start, and setting the work of motor I 4 according to PLC 1 turns
Speed is 3000r/min, drives little gear 5 to rotate when motor I 4 rotates, and little gear 5 drives gear wheel 6 to rotate, the band of gear wheel 6
Dynamic connecting rod I 8 rotates, and the band moving cam 9 of connecting rod I 8 rotates, cam 9 to during its long-range end motion, long-range end be the edge of cam 9 from
The farthest one end in center, drivening rod II 10 move up and down, and drive compression piston 11 to move up and down when connecting rod II 10 moves up and down,
When compression piston 11 moves upwards, compressed gas is moved upwards, and upper air valve 13 is washed open by gas, the gas in compression cylinder 12 from
The passage that upper air valve 13 is opened enters the top of working cylinder 15, and compression work piston 16 moves downward, the bottom of working piston 16
Gas compressed, lower air valve 14 is washed open by gas, and the passage that the gas of the bottom of working cylinder 15 is opened from lower air valve 14 enters
The bottom of compression cylinder 12, working piston 16 drive hammer stem 17 to move downward, and hammer stem 17 moves downward the upper anvil block of its rear bottom
19 move downward, and hammer on the forging stock 23 positioned at lower anvil block 20, forging stock 23 is forged, now infrared radiation thermometer 22 monitors
To the temperature of forging stock 23 be 995 DEG C, but because since heating furnace by material move to lower anvil block 20 and forge time it is shorter,
And forging stock internal cooling is slower, can be ignored so this temperature reduces；Cam 9 is to during its short distance end motion, short distance
Hold and moved downward for the edge of cam 9 one end nearest far from center, connecting rod II 10, drive compression piston 12 to move downward, compression is lived
The gas of the compression of plug 12 below, lower air valve 14 are washed open by air pressure, and the gas of the bottom of compression cylinder 12 is got into working cylinder 15
Bottom, working piston 16 is jacked up, working piston 16 moves upwards, and hammer stem 17 drives tup 18, upper anvil block 19 to move upwards,
Forging stock 23 is left, the gas on the top of working piston 16 is compressed, gas washes upper air valve 13 open, and the gas on top is from upper air valve
13 passages opened enter the top of compression cylinder 12；During the long short distance switching of cam 9, tup 18 moves back and forth band
Dynamic upper anvil block 19 ceaselessly forges to forging stock 23, and crack comprehensive tester 3 enters to the surface topography of the forging process of forging stock 23
Row record, infrared radiation thermometer 22 is monitored to the temperature of whole forging process, PLC 1 to the rotating speed of motor I 4 and
Working time is controlled；
（3）When the test temperature of infrared radiation thermometer 22 is 850 DEG C, forging is completed, the number that crack comprehensive tester 3 is collected
According to preservation, PLC 1 closes motor I 4 and opens motor II 26, and motor II 26 drives concordant with lower anvil block 20
Crawler belt 24 moves, and the assigned direction that the forging stock 23 forged is placed on crawler belt 24 is sent into setting place carries out heap cold treatment extremely
Room temperature, the result monitored on-line and gathered according to crack comprehensive tester 3 are analyzed, and further detect whether its surface has
There is obvious macroscopic cracking, judge that its is malleable under steel and iron parts quality standard according to the pattern of crackle, length, width and quantity etc.
Degree.
During high temperature forging through beating plasticity change occurs for the forging that the present embodiment crack comprehensive tester 3 is gathered
Shape, the test of forging process crack comprehensive tester 3 has crack generation to the top of forging, in the real time temperature measurement of infrared radiation thermometer 22
Temperature caused by lower discovery crack is at 880 DEG C, and most long crack length is 26mm, and width 2mm, quantity is 3, is cut in observation
Portion's Crack Extension depth is 14mm, for caused crack length（L）And width（W）And quantity（n）Meet：10mm≤L ＜
30mm, W ＜ 2 ~ 3mm, n ＜ 2 ~ 4, the Crack Extension of material surface to internal 9mm, more than the 1/2 of forging stock inner thickness, reprocess pair
The pattern requirement of material and performance are influenceed greatly, and face crack will be removed by being not available for reprocessing, by the base of identical dimensions
Material is forged in factory, and its result is that surface most long crack is 28mm, width 2mm, quantity 3, propagation of internal cracks depth
12mm, matched with the result that the present embodiment is drawn.
Embodiment 4
A kind of ferrous materials of the present embodiment are malleable system safety testing device, forging stock are bar-shaped, diameter 75mm, length 150mm, its group
Divide and percentage by weight is as shown in table 4.
Table 4
The forging test device that the present embodiment uses is same as Example 1.
Malleability method of testing is carried out using the device, is comprised the following steps that：
（1）Forging stock pre-processes：Forging stock is pre-processed by different forging blanks in voltage power 700KW heating furnace, with
1.8 DEG C/s heating rates take out to 1150 DEG C after being incubated 5min；
（2）By step（1）Obtained pretreated forging stock 23 is placed on lower anvil block 20, opens crack comprehensive tester
3, PLC 1 is opened, PLC 1 controls motor I 4 to start, and setting the work of motor I 4 according to PLC 1 turns
Speed is 2200r/min, drives little gear 5 to rotate when motor I 4 rotates, and little gear 5 drives gear wheel 6 to rotate, the band of gear wheel 6
Dynamic connecting rod I 8 rotates, and the band moving cam 9 of connecting rod I 8 rotates, cam 9 to during its long-range end motion, long-range end be the edge of cam 9 from
The farthest one end in center, drivening rod II 10 move up and down, and drive compression piston 11 to move up and down when connecting rod II 10 moves up and down,
When compression piston 11 moves upwards, compressed gas is moved upwards, and upper air valve 13 is washed open by gas, the gas in compression cylinder 12 from
The passage that upper air valve 13 is opened enters the top of working cylinder 15, and compression work piston 16 moves downward, the bottom of working piston 16
Gas compressed, lower air valve 14 is washed open by gas, and the passage that the gas of the bottom of working cylinder 15 is opened from lower air valve 14 enters
The bottom of compression cylinder 12, working piston 16 drive hammer stem 17 to move downward, and hammer stem 17 moves downward the upper anvil block of its rear bottom
19 move downward, and hammer on the forging stock 23 positioned at lower anvil block 20, forging stock 23 is forged, now infrared radiation thermometer 22 monitors
To the temperature of forging stock 23 be 1144 DEG C, but because since heating furnace by material move to lower anvil block 20 and forge time compared with
It is short, and forging stock internal cooling is slower, can be ignored so this temperature reduces；Cam 9 is short to during its short distance end motion
Cheng Duan is the edge of cam 9 one end nearest far from center, and connecting rod II 10 moves downward, and drives compression piston 12 to move downward, and compresses
Piston 12 compresses gas below, and lower air valve 14 is washed open by air pressure, and the gas of the bottom of compression cylinder 12 is got into working cylinder
15 bottom, working piston 16 is jacked up, working piston 16 moves upwards, and hammer stem 17 drives tup 18, upper anvil block 19 to transport upwards
It is dynamic, forging stock 23 is left, the gas on the top of working piston 16 is compressed, gas washes upper air valve 13 open, and the gas on top is from upper
The passage that air valve 13 is opened enters the top of compression cylinder 12；During the long short distance switching of cam 9, tup 18 is back and forth transported
It is dynamic to drive upper anvil block 19 ceaselessly to be forged to forging stock 23, surface shape of the crack comprehensive tester 3 to the forging process of forging stock 23
Looks are recorded, and infrared radiation thermometer 22 is monitored to the temperature of whole forging process, and PLC 1 turns to motor I 4
Speed and working time are controlled；
（3）When the test temperature of infrared radiation thermometer 22 is 836 DEG C, forging is completed, the number that crack comprehensive tester 3 is collected
According to preservation, PLC 1 closes motor I 4 and opens motor II 26, and motor II 26 drives concordant with lower anvil block 20
Crawler belt 24 moves, and the assigned direction that the forging stock 23 forged is placed on crawler belt 24 is sent into setting place carries out heap cold treatment extremely
Room temperature, the result monitored on-line and gathered according to crack comprehensive tester 3 are analyzed, and further detect whether its surface has
There is obvious macroscopic cracking, judge that its is malleable under steel and iron parts quality standard according to the pattern of crackle, length, width and quantity etc.
Degree.
During high temperature forging through beating plasticity change occurs for the forging that the present embodiment crack comprehensive tester 3 is gathered
Shape, the test of forging process crack comprehensive tester 3 produces the crack more concentrated to forging middle part, in the reality of infrared radiation thermometer 22
When thermometric under find crack caused by temperature at 1006 DEG C, most long crack length is 42mm, width 3mm, there is 5 Crack length
More than 40mm, width reaches 2mm, and it is 25mm to cut observation propagation of internal cracks depth, crack number 6, is split for caused
Line length（L）And width（W）And quantity（n）Meet：L >=30mm, W >=3mm, n ＞ 4, material is also easy to produce forge crack, and its is malleable
Property it is poor, the Crack Extension of material surface is reprocessed and the pattern of material is changed larger to internal deeper, influences its performance,
Face crack will be removed by being not available for reprocessing, and material malleability is poor, and the workpiece cracked is needed to change composition or forging
The measures such as technique improve its malleability, and the blank of identical dimensions is forged in factory, and its result is that forging is most long
Crackle is 36mm, width 3.5mm, crack number 5, propagation of internal cracks depth 21mm, the result base drawn with the present embodiment
This coincide.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of malleable system safety testing device of ferrous materials, it is characterised in that including PLC, dividing plate, crack integration test
Instrument, motor I, little gear, gear wheel, support, connecting rod I, cam, connecting rod II, compression piston, compression cylinder, upper air valve, lower gas
Valve, working cylinder, working piston, hammer stem, tup, upper anvil block, lower anvil block, lower mould base, infrared radiation thermometer, crawler belt, driving cog
Wheel, motor II, PLC are connected with motor I, and little gear connects with the output end of motor I, gear wheel and little gear
It is meshed, gear wheel is fixed by support, and one end of connecting rod I passes through the central shaft of gear wheel, and the other end connects cam, convex
Take turns one end also with connecting rod II to be connected, the other end of connecting rod II passes through compression cylinder, and is provided with compression piston, and compression piston is horizontal
It is arranged on inside compression cylinder, dividing plate is provided between compression cylinder and working cylinder, the top of dividing plate is provided with upper air valve, and bottom is set
There is lower air valve, working piston is horizontally installed on inside working cylinder, and working piston is arranged on the top of hammer stem, the other end of hammer stem
Tup is connected with, tup bottom is provided with upper anvil block, lower anvil block and upper anvil block face, and lower anvil block is arranged on lower mould base, and crack is comprehensive
The forging stock between anvil block and upper anvil block under the operation window face of tester is closed, is equipped with the operation window of crack comprehensive tester
Infrared radiation thermometer, crawler belt is concordant with lower anvil block, and travelling gear is meshed with crawler belt, and the power transmission shaft and motor II of travelling gear are defeated
Go out end to be connected, motor II is connected with PLC.
2. the malleable system safety testing device of ferrous materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the edge of the cam to axle center
Longest distance no more than compression cylinder height.
3. the malleable system safety testing device of ferrous materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the connecting rod II and compression cylinder
Between be provided with bearing I；Bearing II is provided between hammer stem and working cylinder.
4. the malleable system safety testing device of ferrous materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the rotating speed of the motor I is
750~3000r/min。
5. the malleable system safety testing device of ferrous materials according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the hammer stem, tup, upper anvil
Block, lower anvil block, the material of lower mould base are 5CrMnMo.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108188316A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-06-22 | 安阳锻压数控设备有限公司 | The equipment systems and production technology of a kind of forged steel ball |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108188316A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-06-22 | 安阳锻压数控设备有限公司 | The equipment systems and production technology of a kind of forged steel ball |
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