CN102443741A - Steel ball for ball mill and manufacturing method for same - Google Patents
Steel ball for ball mill and manufacturing method for same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a steel ball for a ball mill and a manufacturing method for the same. The method for manufacturing the steel ball for a ball mill comprises the following steps of: smelting molten steel; treating the molten steel by an external refining technique to obtain the molten steel composed of 0.90-1.00% of C, 0.30-1.00% of Si, 0.80-1.20% of Mn, 0.40-0.70% of Cr, 0.01-0.05% of Ti, not greater than 0.025% of P, not greater than 0.025% of S, the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities in percentage by weight; casting; rolling; cutting to form a steel ball blank; heating the steel ball blank, and then forging; quenching, tempering, and then performing air-cooling and finishing treatments to obtain a steel ball. The steel ball for a ball mill disclosed by the invention is high in wear resistance, good in strength and toughness, unable to break round and be out of round during a service process, and long in service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ferrous metallurgy and field shaping technique, more particularly, relate to a kind of good obdurability of having of ball mill and wear resistance and production cost low steel ball and method of manufacture thereof of being used for.
Background technology
At present, ball mill is the major equipment of comminuted solids material in numerous industrial circles (for example, mining, metallurgy, coal, building materials, chemical industry, electric power etc.).Steel ball is as the important grinding component in the ball mill, and the quality of its performance will directly determine the quality and the grinding efficiency of powder.For example, in mining or field of metallurgy, in process of lapping, ball mill is through bump and repeated friction between steel ball and ore, with ore reduction.In order to improve the durability of crushing efficiency and steel ball, need steel ball surface that enough hardness and fastness to rubbing are arranged.Simultaneously, in process of lapping, the collision that takes place between steel ball and abrasive material, steel ball and liner plate and steel ball and the steel ball is inevitable, therefore, also requires steel ball that certain toughness is arranged, and avoids brokenly ball.The Working environment of steel ball has determined traditional hot rolling attitude steel ball to be difficult to meet the demands, and needs steel ball is carried out quench treatment, to improve hardness; Simultaneously, for eliminating the inner excessive internal stress of hardened steel ball, need steel ball is carried out temper.Current, along with the fast development of world steel industry, soaring year by year to the demand of raw materials such as ore.Data shows that 2010, only mineral processing in China industry steel ball consumption was just above 2,000,000 tons.Therefore, development high-performance steel ball product, particularly diameter are not less than the steel ball of 80mm, reduce unit consumption, and raising steel ball quality and work-ing life are significant.
In the prior art; For avoiding steel ball crisp matter phase cementite to occur, in quenching and use, ftracture, adopt carbon content in the plan below 0.90% more; Simultaneously for improving the hardening capacity and the toughness and tenacity of steel ball; When improving Si, Mn content, valuable alloying elements such as heavy addition Cr, Mo, Cu, Ni, Al cause the steel ball cost significantly to increase on the one hand; On the other hand, close full element and in the performance advantageous effect, also can't evade deleterious effect, for example too high Cr will increase the fragility of steel, contain Cu in the steel and be easy to cause steel ball rolling and quenching process cracking etc., exist certain not enough.
Therefore, need a kind of low cost of manufacture badly and have the ball mill steel ball product of good obdurability and abrasion resistance properties simultaneously, to satisfy the industrial requirement of ball-milling processing.
Summary of the invention
To the above-mentioned deficiency that exists in the prior art, the present invention has carried out optimization design to the chemical ingredients and the preparation technology of ball mill steel ball, thereby has obtained a kind of ball mill steel ball with good obdurability and abrasion resistance properties while low production cost.Ball mill steel ball of the present invention can be widely used in the ball milling field of large-scale ferrous and nonferrous metals.
One side of the present invention provides a kind of steel ball that is used for ball mill, and the said chemical ingredients that is used for the steel ball of ball mill is made up of 0.90%～1.00% C, 0.30%～1.00% Si, 0.80%～1.20% Mn, 0.40%～0.70% Cr, 0.01%～0.05% Ti, no more than 0.025% P, no more than 0.025% S, the Fe and the unavoidable impurities of surplus by weight percentage.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of method of making the ball mill steel ball, and said method comprises the following steps of carrying out successively: smelting molten steel; Adopt furnace outer refining process to handle molten steel, the molten steel that obtains is made up of 0.90%～1.00% C, 0.30%～1.00% Si, 0.80%～1.20% Mn, 0.40%～0.70% Cr, 0.01%～0.05% Ti, no more than 0.025% P, no more than 0.025% S, the Fe and the unavoidable impurities of surplus by weight percentage; Casting is to form strand; The heating strand, rolling then; The strand of cutting after rolling forms the steel ball base; The steel ball base is heated to 900 ℃～950 ℃ and be incubated 15min～25min, then the steel ball base is heated to 1100 ℃～1150 ℃ rapidly, the forged steel ball base; Will be through the steel ball base air cooling to 780 after forging ℃～820 ℃; Be 30 ℃～50 ℃ quenching-in water then in temperature with the steel ball base with the mode of continuous rolling; After treating that steel ball base skin temperature is 80 ℃～140 ℃, again the steel ball base being placed temperature is 200 ℃～240 ℃ mechanical blazing-off, takes out behind tempering 3h～6h; Carry out air cooling and finishing subsequently and handle, obtain steel ball.
The method of manufacturing ball mill steel ball according to a further aspect of the invention, wherein, the step that said employing furnace outer refining process is handled molten steel comprises the ladle refining operation and the vacuum circulation degassing operation of carrying out successively.
The method of manufacturing ball mill steel ball according to a further aspect of the invention; Wherein, The said heating steel ball base step of forged steel ball base then is through burning coal gas the steel ball base to be heated to 900 ℃～950 ℃, adopts the heating of intermediate frequency or line-frequency induction that the steel ball base is heated to 1100 ℃～1150 ℃ rapidly then.
The method of manufacturing ball mill steel ball according to a further aspect of the invention; Wherein, said is that the step of 30 ℃～50 ℃ quenching-in water makes the steel ball base realize continuous rolling through snakelike route or path with predetermined slope in temperature with the mode of continuous rolling with the steel ball base.
The method of manufacturing ball mill steel ball according to a further aspect of the invention, wherein, said temperature is that 30 ℃～50 ℃ water is connected with water circulation cooling device or heat abstractor, remains in 30 ℃～50 ℃ the scope to guarantee that water temperature is constant.
The method of manufacturing ball mill steel ball according to a further aspect of the invention, wherein, said method is cooled to the step that adopts flame cleaning casting billet surface defective below 100 ℃ then with casting billet surface before also can being included in the rolling then step of heating strand.
Compared with prior art; Ball mill steel ball of the present invention has good obdurability index and wear resisting property, simultaneously, owing to do not adopt valuable alloying elements such as adding V, Mo, Cu, Ni; Production cost significantly reduces, and can partly substitute the high alloy steel ball that uses in the ball mill basically.
Embodiment
Hereinafter, with combining exemplary embodiment to describe steel ball and the method for manufacture thereof that is used for ball mill of the present invention.
The chemical ingredients of the steel ball that is used for ball mill according to an aspect of the present invention is made up of 0.90%～1.00% C, 0.30%～1.00% Si, 0.80%～1.20% Mn, 0.40%～0.70% Cr, 0.01%～0.05% Ti, no more than 0.025% P, no more than 0.025% S, the Fe and the unavoidable impurities of surplus by weight percentage.Preferably, the chemical ingredients that is used for the steel ball of ball mill of the present invention is made up of 0.90%～0.95% C, 0.50%～0.80% Si, 0.90%～1.10% Mn, 0.50%～0.65% Cr, 0.02%～0.04% Ti, no more than 0.025% P, no more than 0.025% S, the Fe and the unavoidable impurities of surplus by weight percentage.
Below, explain that at first the chemical ingredients according to ball mill steel ball of the present invention is limited to the reason of above-mentioned scope.
The C element is that to make steel ball obtain a kind of most important of suitable intensity, hardness and wear resisting property also be the most cheap element.In steel ball according to the present invention, under the prerequisite of not adding valuable alloying elements such as Mo, Cu, Ni, Al, when C content less than 0.90% the time, the abrasion resistance properties of steel ball is difficult to significantly improve, and crosses quick-wearing in causing using, and reduces work-ing life.Even so, the C rimose proneness in quenching process above eutectoid content (0.77%) is still stronger.For this reason, in steel, add producing tiny TiC particulate Ti element and medium carbide forming element Cr element, cooperate heating and thermal treatment process among the present invention simultaneously, avoid the hardening break phenomenon with C.Simultaneously, add particularly impelling strength of toughness plasticity that the Ti element also helps to improve steel ball.When C content greater than 1.00% the time, the steel ball strong hardness is had a surplus and toughness plasticity is not enough, can't satisfy request for utilization.Therefore, C content is limited between 0.90%～1.00% among the present invention, and as preferred scheme, C content is limited between 0.90%～0.95%.
The Si element can be present in ferritic and the austenite with the solid solution form as the main adding elements of steel, thereby improves the intensity of organizing in the steel.In steel ball of the present invention, when Si content in the steel less than 0.30% the time, solid solution capacity is on the low side will to cause strengthening effect not obvious; Simultaneously, be unfavorable for the reduction of opposing hardness in the drawing process, particularly be unfavorable for major diameter steel ball realization sclerosis comprehensively; When Si content greater than 1.00% the time, plasticity that makes steel and ductility are reduced, be unfavorable for the enforcement of forging process.Therefore, Si content is limited between 0.30%～1.00% among the present invention.As preferred scheme, Si content is limited between 0.50%～0.80%.
The Mn element can form sosoloid with Fe, improves ferritic and austenitic intensity, simultaneously, can improve the hardening capacity of steel, reduces the difference of hardness of steel ball top layer and heart portion.When Mn content less than 0.80% the time, strengthening effect is undesirable, for the major diameter steel ball, the heart portion of in quenching process, can't hardening; When Mn content greater than 1.20% the time, Mn gets into cementite can partly substitute the Fe atom, the hardness of increase carbide will cause strong having a surplus of steel ball and the tough deficiency of moulding, the work-ing life that is unfavorable for improving steel ball.Therefore, Mn content is limited between 0.80%～1.20% in the steel ball of the present invention.As preferred scheme, Mn content is limited between 0.90%～1.10%.
The Cr element can form continuous solid solution and can form multiple carbide with C with Fe, is one of alloy strengthening element commonly used in the steel, compares with V, Nb, Cu, Ni, Mo, and the maximum advantage of Cr is that cost is low.The evenly distribution of carbide in the steel of Cr improves the polishing machine of steel; Simultaneously, Cr can significantly improve the hardening capacity of steel ball, helps reducing the gap of steel ball heart portion and surface hardness.In addition, Cr can also improve the erosion resistance of steel ball, and is significant with the wet method abrading-ball for the mine.When Cr content less than 0.40% the time, its effect in steel is limited, steel ball can't obtain higher polishing machine; When Cr content greater than 0.70% the time, the toughness with worsening steel ball in use is prone to brokenly ball.Therefore, Cr content is limited between 0.40%～0.70% in the steel ball of the present invention.As preferred scheme, Cr content is limited between 0.50%～0.65%.
The main effect of Ti element in steel be refinement when heating, rolling and cooling austenitic crystal grain, final toughness plasticity and the rigidity that increases tissue.In steel ball according to the present invention, when Ti content greater than 0.05% the time, because Ti is strong carbonitride forming element, the TiC/TiN of the generation ball hardness that will make on the high side is too high on the one hand; On the other hand, TiC/TiN on the high side will gather enrichment partially and form thick carbide, and this not only reduces toughness plasticity, make that also steel ball contact surface under impact loading is easy to ftracture and cause breaking.In steel ball according to the present invention, when Ti content less than 0.01% the time, the carbonitride limited amount of formation is difficult to play a role.Therefore, in steel ball of the present invention, Ti content is limited between 0.01%～0.05%.As preferred scheme, Ti content is limited between 0.02%～0.04%.
The method of manufacturing ball mill steel ball according to a further aspect of the invention comprises the following steps of carrying out successively: smelting molten steel; Adopt furnace outer refining process to handle molten steel, the molten steel that obtains is made up of 0.90%～1.00% C, 0.30%～1.00% Si, 0.80%～1.20% Mn, 0.40%～0.70% Cr, 0.01%～0.05% Ti, no more than 0.025% P, no more than 0.025% S, the Fe and the unavoidable impurities of surplus by weight percentage; Casting is to form strand; The heating strand, rolling then; The strand of cutting after rolling forms the steel ball base; The steel ball base is heated to 900 ℃～950 ℃ and be incubated 15min～25min, then the steel ball base is heated to 1100 ℃～1150 ℃ rapidly, the forged steel ball base; Will be through the steel ball base air cooling to 780 after forging ℃～820 ℃; Be 30 ℃～50 ℃ quenching-in water then in temperature with the steel ball base with the mode of continuous rolling; After treating that steel ball base skin temperature is 80 ℃～140 ℃, again the steel ball base being placed temperature is 200 ℃～240 ℃ mechanical blazing-off, takes out behind tempering 3h～6h; Carry out air cooling and finishing subsequently and handle, obtain steel ball.
In one example, the method for manufacturing ball mill steel ball of the present invention also can realize through the following steps of carrying out successively:
1. molten steel is smelted
Adopt converter or electric furnace to come smelting molten steel.
2. outer LF stove refining of stove and vacuum-treat
Converter or electric furnace steel tapping are regulated liquid steel temperature, adjustment chemical ingredients, are reduced harmful element content in the molten steel after stove rear platform Argon is delivered to ladle refining furnace (that is, the LF stove) heating after stirring.Vacuum degassing furnace (that is, the RH stove) vacuum-treat is sent in departures after reaching target value, further adjusts chemical ingredients, reduces elemental gas content in the steel.The composition that finally obtains molten steel is: 0.90%～1.00% C, 0.30%～1.00% Si, 0.80%～1.20% Mn, 0.40%～0.70% Cr, 0.01%～0.05% Ti, no more than 0.025% P, no more than 0.025% S, the Fe and the unavoidable impurities of surplus.
3. square billet casting and strand cleaning
With satisfy above-mentioned steps 2. the molten steel of said chemical ingredients deliver to six machines, six stream caster machines and cast, by scale requirement cutting strand, treat strand slow cooling to 100 ℃ below the back adopt the flame cleaning surface imperfection.
4. square steel is rolling
Adopt walking beam furnace that strand is heated to 1200 ℃～1300 ℃, adopt 950,800 or 850 milling trains to be 60mm * 60mm～80mm * 80mm square steel with strand is rolling behind the insulation certain hour, and after press the scale cutting air cooling to room temperature.
5. steel ball base blanking
Adopt CUT square steel to be processed into the steel ball base, consider about 3% the loss that causes because of oxide debris etc. during blanking according to the steel ball specification.
6. the steel ball base is carried out two sections heating continuously
So-called two sections continuous heating are meant; Adopt coal gas slowly to be heated to its austenite phase region temperature the steel ball base; Be generally 900 ℃～950 ℃; Insulation is taken out behind 15min～25min, takes out after adopting intermediate frequency or line-frequency induction heating unit that the steel ball base is heated to 1100 ℃～1150 ℃ then rapidly and forges.
Adopt two sections continuous heating to have following beneficial effect.At first, autstenitic grain size has remarkably influenced to martensitic transformation, and in heat-processed, austenite crystal is grown up with the rising and the holding time prolonging of holding temperature, and during temperature, grain growth is not obvious near Heating temperature is in the austenite phase region.Therefore, adopt the slowly mode of heating of coal gas at this section; When temperature continued to improve, grain growth was obvious, adopted the mode of induction heating to avoid crystal grain excessive to final steel ball performance deleterious impact.On the other hand, the purpose of adding the Ti element in the steel is similarly avoids growing up of austenite crystal, and the C in Ti and the steel, N form the carbonitride of tiny Ti, are distributed on the austenitic matrix to disperse, also can avoid grain growth, and crystal grain thinning improves the steel ball performance.In addition, because C content is higher among the present invention, slowly be warming up to 1150 ℃ heating means as adopt coal gas always; To cause in the process of cooling producing cementite and separate out along crystal boundary; Because cementite is crisp matter phase, in use, cementite gathers becoming weak link partially; Take the lead in ftractureing and finally causing steel ball to break, can't use.Therefore, high temperature section adopt fast technology of burning to suppress cementite to separate out effect remarkable.If the steel ball base adopts the mode of induction heating from room temperature state always, on the one hand, because induction heating need consume a large amount of electric energy, the steel ball production cost significantly increases; On the other hand, the characteristics of induction heating are to heat up rapidly in the top layer, reach centre of sphere position through heat passage, if centre of sphere position and skin temperature are inhomogeneous, will cause stress distribution uneven, are unfavorable for the raising of performance of enforcement and the final steel ball of forging process.
7. forged steel ball
The taking-up of high temperature steel ball is placed on the forging stand, adopt 200kg～500kg air forging hammer to become steel ball according to required specification die forging, forging process need guarantee the each several part homogeneous deformation.
8. steel ball is quenched
Usually, the final forging temperature of steel ball can be about 950 ℃.Yet for the different size steel ball, final forging temperature is difference to some extent.Steel ball is placed air cooling on the foraminous stand, treat when skin temperature is reduced between 780 ℃～820 ℃ to drop into temperature and be in 30 ℃～50 ℃ the clear water and quench.Be to guarantee uniform quenching property, avoid that the gasification because of water reduces speed of cooling around the steel ball, the hardening groove need be furnished with water circulation cooling device or heat abstractor, remains in 30 ℃～50 ℃ the scope to guarantee water temperature.If water temperature is higher than 50 ℃, then cause ball hardness on the low side, can't satisfy request for utilization; If water temperature is lower than 30 ℃, then steel ball is prone to break.Simultaneously, the walking path of steel ball in water need have certain slope, slowly rolls continuously to guarantee steel ball.If the place is limited, also can adopt snakelike route.When the steel ball skin temperature is reduced to 80 ℃～140 ℃, steel ball is taken out from water.The steel ball skin temperature can obtain in several ways in the water.For example, the steel ball skin temperature can be according to confirming through testing the corresponding relation of confirming cool time and steel ball skin temperature under these conditions in the water.
9. steel ball is carried out tempering
Steel ball after the taking-up since centre of sphere position temperature higher, can realize the self-tempering effect, with steel ball place rapidly temperature be 200～240 ℃ machinery oil (for example; 50～100# machinery oil) tempering in; Tempering time is 3h～6h, avoids the cracking phenomena of steel ball because of quenching and producing, and causes useless ball.
10. steel ball finishing
The steel ball of tempered processing and air cooling to room temperature is carried out that surface-conditioning, broken ball are selected etc. promptly obtain the finished product steel ball.
Below, with combining concrete example to come to describe in more detail the present invention.
Example 1
Adopt the converter smelting molten steel, carry out the refining of LF stove, vacuum-treat, billet continuous casting, strand cleaning, strand heating then, square steel is rolling and the scale sawing after, obtain the steel ball base.The concrete composition of steel ball base is: C:0.94%, Si:0.75%, Mn:1.00%, Cr:0.62%, Ti:0.022%, P:0.022%, the Fe of S:0.024% and surplus and unavoidable impurities.Adopt gas-fired furnace with the steel ball blank slowly be warming up to 920 ℃ and be incubated 18min after take out, carry out line-frequency induction rapidly and be heated to 1110 ℃, to become diameter be the steel ball of 80mm in die forging then.Drop into when treating that the steel ball skin temperature is reduced to 800 ℃ in 38 ℃ of clear water behind the rolling quenching 70s (at this moment, surface temperature is 120 ℃), drop into 220 ℃ 50# machinery blazing-off rapidly, tempering time 4h then, takes out finishing with steel ball.Through the check, the surface hardness of the steel ball of this example is 62～64HRC, centre of sphere hardness is 53～55HRC, 1/2 radius non-notch impact value is 13J, centre of sphere position impact value is 15J, the abrasive wear resisting property of corresponding iron ore be 410 gram/tons (that is, g/t).
Example 2
Adopt the converter smelting molten steel, then carry out the refining of LF stove, vacuum-treat, billet continuous casting, strand cleaning, strand heating, square steel is rolling and the scale sawing after, obtain the steel ball base.The concrete composition of steel ball base is: C:0.91%, Si:0.65%, Mn:0.95%, Cr:0.60%, Ti:0.020%, P:0.025%, S:0.022%, the Fe of [H]: 2.0ppm and surplus and unavoidable impurities.Adopt gas-fired furnace with the steel ball blank slowly be warming up to 900 ℃ and be incubated 20min after take out, carry out line-frequency induction rapidly and be heated to 1150 ℃, to become diameter be the steel ball of 100mm in die forging then.Drop into when treating that the steel ball skin temperature is reduced to 800 ℃ in 40 ℃ of clear water behind the rolling quenching 90s (at this moment, 105 ℃ of surface temperatures), drop into 220 ℃ 50# machinery blazing-off rapidly, tempering time 4h then, takes out finishing with steel ball.Through check, the surface hardness of the steel ball of this example is 60～63HRC, and centre of sphere hardness is 52～54HRC, and 1/2 radius non-notch impact value is 13J, and centre of sphere position impact value is 15J, and the abrasive wear resisting property of corresponding iron ore is 419g/t.
Example 3
Adopt the converter smelting molten steel, then carry out the refining of LF stove, vacuum-treat, billet continuous casting, strand cleaning, strand heating, square steel is rolling and the scale sawing after, obtain the steel ball base.The concrete composition of steel ball base is: C:0.99%, Si:0.35%, Mn:1.18%, Cr:0.68%, Ti:0.048%, P:0.020%, S:0.025%, the Fe of [H]: 2.0ppm and surplus and unavoidable impurities.Adopt gas-fired furnace with the steel ball blank slowly be warming up to 950 ℃ and be incubated 25min after take out, carry out line-frequency induction rapidly and be heated to 1130 ℃, to become diameter be the steel ball of 120mm in die forging then.Drop into when treating that the steel ball skin temperature is reduced to 820 ℃ in 45 ℃ of clear water behind the rolling quenching 115s (at this moment, 120 ℃ of surface temperatures), take out the 100# machinery blazing-off that drops into 200 ℃ rapidly, tempering time 6h then, takes out finishing with steel ball.Through check, the surface hardness of the steel ball of this example is 60～62HRC, and centre of sphere hardness is 50～51HRC, and 1/2 radius non-notch impact value is 12J, and centre of sphere position impact value is 13J, and the abrasive wear resisting property of corresponding iron ore is 421g/t.
Example 4
Adopt the converter smelting molten steel, then carry out the refining of LF stove, vacuum-treat, billet continuous casting, strand cleaning, strand heating, square steel is rolling and the scale sawing after, obtain the steel ball base.The concrete composition of steel ball base is: C:0.90%, Si:0.78%, Mn:0.95%, Cr:0.55%, Ti:0.025%, P:0.020%, S:0.025%, the Fe of [H]: 2.0ppm and surplus and unavoidable impurities.Adopt gas-fired furnace with the steel ball blank slowly be warming up to 940 ℃ and be incubated 18min after take out, carry out line-frequency induction rapidly and be heated to 1130 ℃, to become diameter be the steel ball of 80mm in die forging then.Throw when treating that the steel ball skin temperature is reduced to 810 ℃ in 40 ℃ of clear water behind the rolling quenching 65s (at this moment, 125 ℃ of surface temperatures), drop into 220 ℃ 50# machinery blazing-off rapidly, tempering time 4h then, takes out finishing with steel ball.Through check, the surface hardness of the steel ball of this example is 61～63HRC, and centre of sphere hardness is 52～55HRC, and 1/2 radius non-notch impact value is 14J, and centre of sphere position impact value is 15J, and the wear resisting property assay is 432g/t (corresponding iron ore abrasion).
Example 5
Adopt the converter smelting molten steel, then carry out the refining of LF stove, vacuum-treat, billet continuous casting, strand cleaning, strand heating, square steel is rolling and the scale sawing after, obtain the steel ball base.The concrete composition of steel ball base is: C:0.91%, Si:0.32%, Mn:0.83%, Cr:0.42%, Ti:0.012%, P:0.020%, S:0.025%, the Fe of [H]: 2.0ppm and surplus and unavoidable impurities.Adopt gas-fired furnace with the steel ball blank slowly be warming up to 920 ℃ and be incubated 15min after take out, carry out line-frequency induction rapidly and be heated to 1100 ℃, to become diameter be the steel ball of 100mm in die forging then.Treat to drop into when the steel ball skin temperature is reduced to 784 ℃ rolling quenching 105s (at this moment, 83 ℃ of surface temperatures) back taking-up in 32 ℃ of clear water, drop into 200 ℃ 50# machinery blazing-off rapidly, tempering time 6h then, takes out finishing with steel ball.Through check, the surface hardness of the steel ball of this example is 60～64HRC, and centre of sphere hardness is 52～54HRC, and 1/2 radius non-notch impact value is 12J, and centre of sphere position impact value is 14J, and the wear resisting property assay is 408g/t (corresponding iron ore abrasion).
Example 6
Adopt the converter smelting molten steel, then carry out the refining of LF stove, vacuum-treat, billet continuous casting, strand cleaning, strand heating, square steel is rolling and the scale sawing after, obtain the steel ball base.The concrete composition of steel ball base is: C:0.90%, Si:0.72%, Mn:1.02%, Cr:0.60%, Ti:0.018%, P:0.025%, S:0.025%, the Fe of [H]: 2.0ppm and surplus and unavoidable impurities.Adopt gas-fired furnace with the steel ball blank slowly be warming up to 900 ℃ and be incubated 20min after take out, carry out line-frequency induction rapidly and be heated to 1150 ℃, to become diameter be the steel ball of 120mm in die forging then.Treat to drop into when the steel ball skin temperature is reduced to 800 ℃ rolling quenching 110s (at this moment, 118 ℃ of surface temperatures) back taking-up in 45 ℃ of clear water, drop into 240 ℃ 50# machinery blazing-off rapidly, tempering time 3h then, takes out finishing with steel ball.Through check, the surface hardness of the steel ball of this example is 59～62HRC, and centre of sphere hardness is 51～53HRC, and 1/2 radius non-notch impact value is 14J, and centre of sphere position impact value is 15J, and the wear resisting property assay is 434g/t (corresponding iron ore abrasion).
In sum; The present invention is through improving the carbon content in the steel ball; Adopt the technical measures of Cr, Ti combined microalloying; Cooperate distinctive two sections continuously heating and quenching modes simultaneously, overcome because of carbon content raises and cause steel ball to quench easy to crack and the top layer cementite is separated out and influenced the steel ball difficult point in work-ing life, realized the stably manufactured of steel ball.Steel ball of the present invention has good obdurability index and wear resisting property, and simultaneously, owing to do not adopt valuable alloying elements such as adding V, Mo, Cu, Ni, production cost significantly reduces, and can partly substitute the high alloy steel ball basically, has obtained good effect.In addition, steel ball wear resistance of the present invention is high, does not in use break circle, does not lose circle, long service life.
Although combined example to describe steel ball of the present invention with steel and make the method for this steel ball above, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that under the situation of spirit that does not break away from claim and limited and scope, can carry out various modifications to above description.
Claims (7)
1. steel ball that is used for ball mill; It is characterized in that the said chemical ingredients that is used for the steel ball of ball mill is made up of 0.90%～1.00% C, 0.30%～1.00% Si, 0.80%～1.20% Mn, 0.40%～0.70% Cr, 0.01%～0.05% Ti, no more than 0.025% P, no more than 0.025% S, the Fe and the unavoidable impurities of surplus by weight percentage.
2. method of making the ball mill steel ball, said method comprises the following steps of carrying out successively:
Smelting molten steel;
Adopt furnace outer refining process to handle molten steel, the molten steel that obtains is made up of 0.90%～1.00% C, 0.30%～1.00% Si, 0.80%～1.20% Mn, 0.40%～0.70% Cr, 0.01%～0.05% Ti, no more than 0.025% P, no more than 0.025% S, the Fe and the unavoidable impurities of surplus by weight percentage;
Casting is to form strand;
The heating strand, rolling then;
The strand of cutting after rolling forms the steel ball base;
The steel ball base is heated to 900 ℃～950 ℃ and be incubated 15min～25min, then the steel ball base is heated to 1100 ℃～1150 ℃ rapidly, the forged steel ball base;
Will be through the steel ball base air cooling to 780 after forging ℃～820 ℃; Be 30 ℃～50 ℃ quenching-in water then in temperature with the steel ball base with the mode of continuous rolling; After treating that steel ball base skin temperature is 80 ℃～140 ℃, again the steel ball base being placed temperature is 200 ℃～240 ℃ mechanical blazing-off, takes out behind tempering 3h～6h; Carry out air cooling and finishing subsequently and handle, obtain steel ball.
3. the method for manufacturing ball mill steel ball according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the step that said employing furnace outer refining process is handled molten steel comprises the ladle refining operation and the vacuum circulation degassing operation of carrying out successively.
4. the method for manufacturing ball mill steel ball according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; The said heating steel ball base step of forged steel ball base then is through burning coal gas the steel ball base to be heated to 900 ℃～950 ℃, adopts the heating of intermediate frequency or line-frequency induction that the steel ball base is heated to 1100 ℃～1150 ℃ rapidly then.
5. the method for manufacturing ball mill steel ball according to claim 2; It is characterized in that said is that the step of 30 ℃～50 ℃ quenching-in water makes the steel ball base realize continuous rolling through snakelike route or path with predetermined slope in temperature with the mode of continuous rolling with the steel ball base.
6. the method for manufacturing ball mill steel ball according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said temperature is that 30 ℃～50 ℃ water is connected with water circulation cooling device or heat abstractor, remains in 30 ℃～50 ℃ the scope to guarantee that water temperature is constant.
7. the method for manufacturing ball mill steel ball according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said method is cooled to the step that adopts flame cleaning casting billet surface defective below 100 ℃ then with casting billet surface before also being included in the rolling then step of heating strand.
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| CN102758140A (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2012-10-31 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | High-carbon microalloying steel ball and production process thereof |
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