CN108186092A - 低切迹易锁定的万向椎弓根螺钉 - Google Patents

低切迹易锁定的万向椎弓根螺钉 Download PDF

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CN108186092A
CN108186092A CN201810080737.7A CN201810080737A CN108186092A CN 108186092 A CN108186092 A CN 108186092A CN 201810080737 A CN201810080737 A CN 201810080737A CN 108186092 A CN108186092 A CN 108186092A
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pedicle screw
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张衣北
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Optics Valley Wuhan North Korea Medical Instrument Co Ltd
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    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
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    • A61B17/58—Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在脊柱后路固定手术时用于固定和矫形的低切迹易锁定的万向椎弓根螺钉，属于医疗器械领域。由分开的钉体和钉帽组成，所述的钉体的顶部为球形钉头，嵌套在所述钉帽中，所述钉帽在球形钉头的一侧有用于安装连接棒的U形槽，和用于固定连接棒的锁定螺栓，所述连接棒与球形钉头之间有侧向固定压块，侧向固定压块通过卡簧固定于钉帽上。本发明易锁定、活动度大、抗拔出强，降低置钉固定术的难度，强化固定效果，防止螺钉松动，简化手术步骤，缩短手术时间，提高固定效果，减少术后的并发症。

Description

低切迹易锁定的万向椎弓根螺钉
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在脊柱后路固定手术时用于固定和矫形的低切迹易锁定的万向椎弓根螺钉，属于医疗器械领域。
背景技术
脊柱后路手术是常用的手术方式，当涉及到需要固定或矫形时，钉棒内固定系统是必不可少的。这种钉棒系统通常由椎弓根螺钉及其紧固件和连接棒组成，目前椎弓根螺钉基本上可分为两种，即单轴固定椎弓根螺钉和多轴万向椎弓根螺钉。使用单轴椎弓根螺钉固定时的置钉技术要求非常高，若两钉的U型槽不平行时，则连接棒与U型槽由面接触变为点接触，形成应力集中，容易断钉或者断棒；若要进行两个以上椎体的固定时，常因一侧椎弓根螺钉植入后钉帽方向固定，钉帽U型槽不在同一直线而使放置连接棒显得十分困难，也面临应力集中的风险，且强力将U型槽并成一条直线后容易引起不在直线上的螺钉松动或断裂。这样不仅使手术操作困难，且出现内固定系统不良反应的几率大增。万向椎弓根螺钉克服了以上弊端，由于其万向特征，即钉体与钉帽U形槽间可作一定角度的三维旋转，使钉-棒的联合十分容易。但是，现在使用的万向椎弓根螺钉的万向活动度小，不易于装连接棒，且锁定机制是靠单个卡栓的机械加压来实现，因此无法象单轴椎弓根螺钉那样实现平行的撑开和压缩，更别说去旋转矫形了，因此只能用来固定脊柱。即便如此，这些螺钉固定后的钉帽切迹都比较高，且螺钉置入的椎弓根位置上面是肌肉最发达的位置，经常导致术后固定部位的肌肉组织因高切迹钉帽的长期摩擦损伤而出现慢性腰痛。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种在脊柱后路固定矫形手术时用于固定和矫形的低切迹易锁定的万向椎弓根螺钉。
为了满足万向椎弓根螺钉在一定度数范围内的三维活动，钉帽与钉体是分开的，放置连接棒的U型槽置于球状钉头的一侧的钉帽中，U型槽的底部可以达到球状钉头的底面，这样钉帽的切迹就非常低，且钉帽与钉头间的活动度明显加大，可以达到70度的大角度活动度，并且U型槽内移，有利于装连接棒，降低置钉难度。
本发明具体的技术方案是：
一种低切迹易锁定的万向椎弓根螺钉，由分开的钉体和钉帽组成，所述的钉体的顶部为球形钉头，嵌套在所述钉帽中，所述钉帽在球形钉头的一侧有用于安装连接棒的U型槽，和用于固定连接棒的锁定螺栓，所述连接棒与球形钉头之间有侧向固定压块，侧向固定压块通过卡簧固定于钉帽上。
所述锁定螺栓的头部通过螺纹固定于钉帽上，所述锁定螺栓的螺杆用于固定连接棒。所述锁定螺栓的螺杆的顶端为弧面。
本发明的低切迹易锁定的万向椎弓根螺钉，由分开的钉体和钉帽组成。为了加强锁定固定效果，钉头与钉帽间有一侧向固定压块，该装置连接U型槽中的连接棒和球形钉头，当连接棒被锁定螺栓加压固定时，可通过侧向固定压块将万向螺钉锁定成单轴螺钉。
锁定螺栓为低螺距螺栓，由两部分构成，螺杆和头部。与连接棒相接触的螺杆，该螺杆与连接棒相接触部分亦为弧面，在加压固定时以面接触，避免了应力集中导致的断棒，亦可以加强固定效果。与锁定螺栓的头部螺纹对应的钉帽上的螺纹槽是完整的，不像现行的U型螺钉的螺纹槽，中间有缺口，不容易拧紧，还有可能崩裂，完整的螺纹槽则不会有这些顾虑。且低螺距螺栓剪切力小，扭矩力强，固定效果更好。
钉体的球形钉头中间有凹槽，由两部分构成，深部为六角型凹槽，便于六角形工具插入后限制球状钉头的转动；浅部为内部有螺纹的圆形凹槽，便于带螺纹的工具拧入后与螺钉联成一体，用于矫形及提拉复位，且有利于连接棒的安装。
本发明的低切迹易锁定的大角度万向椎弓根螺钉，不仅螺钉切迹比较低，万向活动范围大，还有易紧固锁定装置及抗拔能力，不仅可简化手术操作、缩短手术时间，而且可以提高手术疗效，减少远期的不良反应，这将会是医生和患者共同的福音。
附图说明
图1为低切迹易锁定的万向椎弓根螺钉的结构示意图。
图2为钉体的局部结构图。
图3为低切迹易锁定的万向椎弓根螺钉另一个视角的结构示意图。
其中，1-钉体，2-钉帽，3-球形钉头，4-连接棒，5-锁定螺栓，6-侧向固定压块，7-卡簧，8-凹槽，9-限位孔。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种低切迹易锁定的大角度万向椎弓根螺钉，如图1所示。一种低切迹易锁定的万向椎弓根螺钉，由分开的钉体和钉帽组成，所述的钉体的顶部为球形钉头，嵌套在所述钉帽中，所述钉帽在球形钉头的一侧有用于安装连接棒的U形槽，和用于固定连接棒的锁定螺栓，所述连接棒与球形钉头之间有侧向固定压块，侧向固定压块通过卡簧固定于钉帽上。
所述锁定螺栓的头部通过螺纹固定于钉帽上，所述锁定螺栓的螺杆用于固定连接棒。所述锁定螺栓的螺杆的顶端为弧面。
本发明钉帽与钉体是分开的，放置连接棒的U型槽置于球状钉头的一侧的钉帽中，U型槽的底部可以达到球状钉头的底面，这样钉帽的切迹就非常低，且钉帽与钉头间的活动度明显加大，可以达到70度的大角度活动度。
本发明的低切迹易锁定的万向椎弓根螺钉，由分开的钉体和钉帽组成。为了加强锁定固定效果，钉头与钉帽间有一侧向固定压块，该装置连接U型槽中的连接棒和球形钉头，当连接棒被锁定螺栓加压固定时，可通过侧向固定压块将万向螺钉锁定成单轴螺钉。
锁定螺栓为低螺距螺栓，由两部分构成，与连接棒相接触的螺杆，该螺杆与连接棒相接触部分亦为弧面，在加压固定时以面接触，避免了应力集中导致的断棒，亦可以加强固定效果。低螺距螺栓剪切力小，扭矩力强，固定效果更好。
球状钉头与钉帽的锁定由带倾斜角度的侧方固定压块锁定，可以降低螺帽的切迹。
球状钉头的凹槽部分有两种结构，深部为内六角的凹槽，便于工具用于拧螺钉之用，浅层为内壁带低螺距螺纹的圆形凹槽，用于配套工具拧入后限制深部内六角工具，防止其松动或滑落，并可使钉体有一长尾结构，可用于矫形或提拉作用。如图2所示。靠近球形钉头的近端外壁有螺距较短的浅螺纹，远端外壁有螺距较长的深螺纹，增加螺钉抗拔能力。钉帽的两侧还有限位孔，用于安装连接棒的工具使用，如图3所示。
本发明所用材料是与人体组织相容性最好的医用钛合金材料。
本发明的万向椎弓根螺钉的钉帽切迹非常低，钉体万向活动度非常大，万向锁定是通过低螺距的是锁定螺栓锁定，牢固可靠。钉体螺纹间距由小到大，抗拔能力强。置钉难度低，固定效果非常好，不良并发症低。

Claims (10)

1.一种低切迹易锁定的万向椎弓根螺钉，其特征在于，由分开的钉体和钉帽组成，所述的钉体的顶部为球形钉头，嵌套在所述钉帽中，所述钉帽在球形钉头的一侧有用于安装连接棒的U型槽，和用于固定连接棒的锁定螺栓，所述连接棒与球形钉头之间有侧向固定压块，侧向固定压块通过卡簧固定于钉帽上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的万向椎弓根螺钉，其特征在于，所述锁定螺栓的头部通过螺纹固定于钉帽上，所述锁定螺栓的螺杆用于固定连接棒。
3.根据权利要求2所述的万向椎弓根螺钉，其特征在于，所述锁定螺栓的螺杆的顶端为弧面，与锁定螺栓的头部螺纹对应的钉帽上的螺纹槽是完整的。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的万向椎弓根螺钉，其特征在于，所述锁定螺栓为低螺距螺栓。
5.根据权利要求1所述的万向椎弓根螺钉，其特征在于，所述钉体的球形钉头中间有凹槽。
6.根据权利要求5所述的万向椎弓根螺钉，其特征在于，所述凹槽由两部分构成，深部为六角型凹槽，浅部为内部有螺纹的圆形凹槽。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的万向椎弓根螺钉，其特征在于，放置连接棒的U型槽置于球状钉头的一侧的钉帽中，U型槽的底部达到球状钉头的底面。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的万向椎弓根螺钉，其特征在于，钉体上靠近球形钉头的近端外壁上的螺纹螺距比远端外壁上螺纹的螺距短。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的万向椎弓根螺钉，其特征在于，钉帽的两侧还有限位孔。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的万向椎弓根螺钉，其特征在于，所用材料是医用钛合金材料。
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