CN108185214A - Steamed crab is promoted to change the preparation method of the feed of shell - Google Patents
Steamed crab is promoted to change the preparation method of the feed of shell Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108185214A CN108185214A CN201711239364.5A CN201711239364A CN108185214A CN 108185214 A CN108185214 A CN 108185214A CN 201711239364 A CN201711239364 A CN 201711239364A CN 108185214 A CN108185214 A CN 108185214A
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- Prior art keywords
- parts
- steamed crab
- fish
- shell
- fermentation
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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Abstract
The preparation method of the feed of shell is changed the invention discloses promotion steamed crab, including：Modified fish guts oil, fish oil, fish meal fermentation, cotton dregs fermentation, compounding are extracted, steamed crab is promoted to change the feed of shell by the material composition of following parts by weight：20 25 parts of Modified Fish Oils, 15 20 parts of fermentation fish meals, 40 50 parts of fermented bean dregs, 10 12 parts of flour, 25 portions of salt, 0.2 0.3 parts of shelling elements, 0.2 0.3 parts of cuttlefish creams, 35 parts of Shrimp chaff powders, 0.5 1.0 parts of carboxymethyl celluloses, 35 parts of compound premixes, 0.005 0.006 parts of astaxanthins, 0.005 0.006 parts of canthaxanthins.It has the beneficial effect that：Feed has stronger oxidation resistance, can remove free radical excessive in steamed crab body, improves the immunocompetence and anti-stress ability of steamed crab, improves constitution and vigor during steamed crab changes shell, steamed crab is allowed to spend safely and changes the shell phase.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation fields of steamed crab feed, and the preparation side of the feed of shell is changed more particularly, to promotion steamed crab
Method.
Technical background
Eriocheir sinensis is a kind of economic crab, also known as river crab, eriocheir sinensis, clear water crab, steamed crab.China has long enjoyed a good reputation
Cuisines.Its foot of a chela is used for feeding and against the enemy, the dense villus of outer rim in metacarpus, therefore Eriocheir is gained the name.Omnivore, fish,
Shrimp, spiral shell, freshwater mussel, worm, earthworm, insect and its larva etc. can be as the animal baits of steamed crab.Contain more dimension in crab
Raw element A, it is helpful to the angling of skin；To the rickets of children, the osteoporosis of the elderly can also play the work of supplement calcium
With.It is distributed widely in the coastal various regions lake in north and south within Chinese territory, wherein with ChangJiang River yield maximum, mouthfeel is extremely delicious.In
Magnificent Eriocheir is dwelt in freshwater lake river, but in river mouth brackish water domain（Salinity is 18-26/1000, proportion 1.016-1.020）
Breeding.Annual 6 trace back after river enters fresh water to children crab newborn between July, the bank swung in rivers, lake of dwelling.Happiness burrows and occupies or hide
In chad, water plant clump.It only helps out mainly by 1 pair of foot of a chela, step when burrowing.With water plant, zoobenthos, organic
Clast and spoil are food.It captures by the foot of a chela during feeding, then send food to mouth side.When nutritional condition is good, when young crab
Weight is maximum up to 150 grams up to 50 to 70 grams, and sexual gland is ripe, can participate in breeding migration together with 2 age crabs.It such as puts in a suitable place to breed close
Degree is big or growth is slow, then sexual gland is also difficult to maturation during 2 age, it is impossible to participate in breeding migration.
Steamed crab is required for just growing up by casting off a skin several times as all arthropods, this is because segmental appendage moves
Object has caused by ectoskeleton.Epidermal cell secretion with chitin ectoskeleton one as main component it is hardened after, cannot be after
It is continuous to expand, so as to which steamed crab growth be made to be restricted, therefore will appear in growth and development process and change shell phenomenon.When changing shell, table
Chrotoplast can secrete a kind of enzyme, and chitin is dissolved, while wax coat ruptures, and the young can drill out from ectoskeleton,
And ectoskeleton is secreted by epidermal cell again, before new ectoskeleton is not fully hardened, body can increase.So
The steamed crab young for developing and mushrooming out changes that shell number is more, and without the protection of shell, steamed crab is more weak, is susceptible to suffer from
Disease, while easily scratch.
The prior art such as application publication number is the Chinese invention patent of 105995197 A of CN, and crab can be promoted by disclosing one kind
Crab changes the crab feed of shell, the crab feed in the inventive method by yolk powder, fish meal, carrot meal, analysis for soybean powder, tricresyl phosphate calcium powder, plant
Object oil, Honeysuckle Flower are formed by specific weight percent.The invention component is easy to find, and cost is relatively low, full of nutrition, system
Preparation Method is simple, and the shell that changes that crab can be effectively facilitated by suitable component proportion is grown, while Shiver disease is played preferably
Prevention effect.But the analysis for soybean powder in the invention crab feed formula is not fermented, urase in analysis for soybean powder, trypsase inhibit because
The anti-nutritional factors content such as son, aflatoxin is higher, and Direct-fed can cause shadow to crab to the absorption of crab nutriment
It rings, and then influences growth development, can increase onset risk changing the feeding of shell phase.
Invention content
The preparation method of the feed of shell is changed the purpose of the present invention is to provide promotion steamed crab, preparation method is simple and practicable,
Safety and environmental protection, feed nutrition enrich comprehensively, and can promote steamed crab safety changes shell.
Used microorganism and its bought enterprise are in the method for the present invention：Black-koji mould, Shandong Changtai biotechnology
Co., Ltd；Bacillus subtilis, Jining gold beneficial bacteria bio tech ltd；Lactic acid bacteria, the big rich biotechnology in Zhengzhou City have
Limit company；Saccharomycete, Cangzhou City Tian Yuan animal husbandry Co., Ltd；Lactobacillus acidophilus, Cangzhou Lai Sen Bioisystech Co., Ltd.
The problem of present invention in background technology for mentioning, the technical solution taken is：Steamed crab is promoted to change the feed of shell
Preparation method, including：Modified fish guts oil, fish oil, fish meal fermentation, cotton dregs fermentation, compounding are extracted, specifically includes following step
Suddenly：
Extract fish guts oil：It takes in 120-130 parts of fresh perch internal organ homogenate to container, adds in 100-150 parts of distilled water, stirring
For lower warming-in-water to 35-36 DEG C, the potassium hydroxide solution for adding in 8-10% adjusts pH to 8.2-8.4, continues stirring and is warming up to 55-
60 DEG C, 15-25 minutes are kept the temperature, 5-7 parts of potassium chloride stirring and dissolvings is added in, is centrifuged while hot after saltouing 20-30 minutes, detach to obtain thick fish
Oil；Siphon crude fish oil and with hot water wash 3-5 times, centrifuges, takes supernatant liquid, fish guts are drying to obtain with vacuum drying chamber while hot
Oil；Fish guts oil is highly suitable as the nutriment of steamed crab feed, and this method fish oil yield is high, easy to operate, gives up
Water, waste residue can be made into the utilization of green high-efficient fertilizer total integration, and the raw material for being also used as extraction nucleic acid is further high-valued, reaches
The purpose of waste's reclamation is arrived；
Fish oil is modified：100-120 parts of fish guts oil, 150-200 parts of distilled water, 0.05-0.06 parts of vitamin E are weighed in closed appearance
It is uniformly mixed in device, reaction vessel is placed in Ultrasound Instrument, 70-72 DEG C is heated to and keeps, be continually fed into 10-15 points of oxygen
Clock, then add in 0.5-0.6 parts of desaturases, 0.07-0.09 parts of reduced Coenzyme IIs, 0.001-003 parts（S）- 3- hydroxyls -5-
Methyl -2,4- imidazolone, supersonic frequency is 80-90KHz, ultrasonic density is 0.5-0.6W/cm2Praetersonic effect under
It is for use after reacting 90-95 seconds；Siphon enzymatic fish oil and with hot water wash 3-5 times, centrifuges, takes supernatant liquid, while hot with vacuum drying
Case is drying to obtain fish guts oil；The hydrogen of the long-chain centre position carbon-carbon single bond of saturated fatty acid can be seized life by enzymatic reaction by oxygen
Cheng Shui is converted into corresponding unrighted acid so as to which chain saturated fatty acids be made to lose hydrogen, so as to make to be rich in fish guts oil
The polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA, EPA,（S）- 3- hydroxy-5-methyl base -2,4- imidazolones can act on enzymatic reaction, can be with
The content in enzymatic preparation unrighted acid is greatly improved, improves the nutritive value of Modified Fish Oil, is fed to and changes the big of shell phase
The composition of lipid and aliphatic acid in steamed crab body can be changed after lock crab, blood fat in steamed crab body can be adjusted, enhance eyesight, carry
High immunity, builds up health, and steamed crab safety is promoted to spend and changes the shell phase；
Fish meal ferments：Take fish meal with distilled water according to solid-liquid ratio 1:The ratio of 2-3 is uniformly mixed, and is inoculated with the mixing into 5.0-5.5%
Strain, mixed bacteria are that weight ratio is 2-4:1 lactobacillus acidophilus and the Mixed Microbes of bacillus subtilis, in 35-37 DEG C of temperature
Lower fermentation time 20-24 hours, low temperature drying after fermentation obtains fermentation fish meal；Small peptide content of fermentation fish meal reaches under the conditions of this
24.77%, Volatile Base Nitrogen is only 42.5mg/100g, and the content of limiting amino acid promotes more than 27.75%, total antioxidation
The more common fish meal of ability promotes more than 70%, has the great potential for removing excessive free radicals in organism；In addition, fermentation fish meal
In, the content of the limiting amino acids such as lysine, threonine, methionine, histidine is all obviously improved, and disclosure satisfy that big lock
Demand of the crab to limiting amino acid；
Bean pulp fermentation：By 40-50 parts of dregs of beans, 20-30 parts of Cottonseed Meals, 1.5-2.0 parts of soya-bean oil, 0.3-0.5 parts of sodium chloride, 0.2-
0.3 part of ammonium sulfate, 15-20 parts of wheatfeeds are uniformly mixed, and add in the 1.0-1.5 times of water measured, and inoculation dry weight 12-15%'s is mixed
Bacterium is closed, Mixed Microbes are that weight ratio is 1-1.5:1-1.5：2-3:1 lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, aspergillus niger, bacillus subtilis it is mixed
Object is closed, is fermented 48-60 hours under conditions of fermentation temperature is 28-30 DEG C, pH is 5.8-6.0, after fermentation low temperature dewatering
And crush to obtain fermentation cotton dregs；The small peptide content of cotton dregs can be improved to 18.36% after fermentation, and average peptide chain length can be down to 4.23, in vitro
Digestibility can be improved to 88. 59%, significantly improved the absorption efficiency of cottonseed meal, increased nutritive value；
Compounding：Weigh 20-25 parts of Modified Fish Oils, 15-20 parts of fermentation fish meals, 40-50 parts of fermented bean dregs, 10-12 parts of flour, 2-5
Part salt, 0.2-0.3 parts of shelling elements, 0.2-0.3 parts of cuttlefish creams, 3-5 parts of Shrimp chaff powders, 0.5-1.0 parts of carboxymethyl celluloses, 3-5
Part compound premix, 0.005-0.006 parts of astaxanthins, 0.005-0.006 parts of canthaxanthins, inject wet granulator after mixing
Grain length 6-10mm is expected in middle granulation, expects grain diameter 2-4mm, and drying promotion steamed crab changes the feed of shell；Forage compounding is reasonable,
It is full of nutrition comprehensively, containing nutriments such as protein, amino acid, aliphatic acid, vitamin, the trace elements needed for steamed crab,
It disclosure satisfy that needed for the growth of steamed crab, while feed has stronger oxidation resistance, can remove excessive in steamed crab body
Free radical, improve the immunocompetence and anti-stress ability of steamed crab, improve constitution and vigor during steamed crab changes shell, feed
Attractant and palatability it is preferable, steamed crab can be effectively facilitated and ingested, the constitution during shell is changed in enhancing, allows steamed crab degree of safety
It crosses and changes the shell phase.
Preferably, every kilogram of compound premix contains：VE 50mg, VK 50mg, VB1 80mg, VB2 50mg, niacin
150mg, pantothenic acid 150mg, VB650mg, 0.02 mg of biotin 1mg, VB12,10 mg of folic acid, VC 300IU, VA 10000IU,
VD 2000IU, copper sulphate 2.0g, ferric sulfate 25g, zinc sulfate 22g, manganese sulfate 7g, 0.04 g of sodium selenite, potassium iodide 0.026
G, cobalt chloride 0.1g；Compound premix can provide sufficient vitamin and minerals for steamed crab, meet steamed crab and dimension is given birth to
The demand of element and minerals promotes steamed crab to grow up healthy and sound.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of the invention is that：1）（S）- 3- hydroxy-5-methyl base -2,4- imidazolones can be with
Enzymatic reaction is acted on, the content in enzymatic preparation unrighted acid can be greatly improved, improves the nutriture value of Modified Fish Oil
Value, can change the composition of lipid and aliphatic acid in steamed crab body after being fed to the steamed crab for changing the shell phase, can adjust steamed crab
Internal blood fat enhances eyesight, improves immunity, builds up health；2）Forage compounding is reasonable, full of nutrition comprehensive, contains steamed crab
The nutriments such as required protein, amino acid, aliphatic acid, vitamin, trace element disclosure satisfy that the growth institute of steamed crab
It needs, while feed has stronger oxidation resistance, can remove free radical excessive in steamed crab body, improve exempting from for steamed crab
Epidemic disease ability and anti-stress ability improve constitution and vigor during steamed crab changes shell, and the attractant and palatability of feed are preferable, energy
It enough effectively facilitates steamed crab to ingest, the constitution during shell is changed in enhancing, and steamed crab is allowed to spend safely and changes the shell phase.
Specific embodiment
The present invention program is described further below by embodiment：
Embodiment 1：
Steamed crab is promoted to change the preparation method of the feed of shell, is included the following steps：
1）It takes in 120 parts of fresh perch internal organ homogenate to container, adds in 100 parts of distilled water, stir lower warming-in-water to 35 DEG C, add
The potassium hydroxide solution for entering 8% adjusts pH to 8.2, continues stirring and is warming up to 55 DEG C, keeps the temperature 15 minutes, adds in 5 parts of potassium chloride stirrings
Dissolving, saltouts and centrifuges while hot after twenty minutes, detach to obtain crude fish oil；Siphon crude fish oil and with hot water wash 3 times, centrifuges, takes while hot
Layer liquid is drying to obtain fish guts oil with vacuum drying chamber；2）Weigh 100 parts of fish guts oil, 150 parts of distilled water, vitamin
E0.05 parts are uniformly mixed in closed container, and reaction vessel is placed in Ultrasound Instrument, 70 DEG C is heated to and keeps, be continually fed into
Oxygen 10 minutes, then add in 0.5 part of desaturase, 0.07 part of reduced Coenzyme II, 0.001 part（S）- 3- hydroxy-5-methyls base-
2,4- imidazolones, supersonic frequency is 80KHz, ultrasonic density is 0.5W/cm2The lower reaction of praetersonic effect treat after 90 seconds
With；Siphon enzymatic fish oil and with hot water wash 3 times, centrifuges, takes supernatant liquid, fish guts are drying to obtain with vacuum drying chamber while hot
Oil；3）Take fish meal with distilled water according to solid-liquid ratio 1:2 ratio is uniformly mixed, and is inoculated with the mixed bacteria into 5.0%, mixed bacteria
It is 2 for weight ratio:1 lactobacillus acidophilus and the Mixed Microbes of bacillus subtilis, fermentation time 20 hours at a temperature of 35 DEG C, hair
Low temperature drying obtains fermentation fish meal after the completion of ferment；4）By 40 parts of dregs of beans, 20 parts of Cottonseed Meals, 1.5 parts of soya-bean oil, 0.3 part of sodium chloride, 0.2
Part ammonium sulfate, 15 parts of wheatfeeds are uniformly mixed, and add in the water of 1.0 times of amounts, the Mixed Microbes of inoculation dry weight 12%, and Mixed Microbes are
Weight ratio is 1:1:2:1 lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, aspergillus niger, bacillus subtilis mixture, fermentation temperature be 28 DEG C,
PH ferments 48 hours under conditions of being 5.8, low temperature dewatering and crushes to obtain fermentation cotton dregs after fermentation；5）Weigh 20 parts of modified fishes
Oil, 15 parts of fermentation fish meals, 40 parts of fermented bean dregs, 10 parts of flour, 2 portions of salt, 0.2 part of shelling element, 0.2 part of cuttlefish cream, 3 parts of shrimp chaffs
Powder, 0.5 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 3 parts of compound premixes, 0.005 part of astaxanthin, 0.005 part of canthaxanthin, inject after mixing
It is granulated in wet granulator, expects grain length 6mm, expect grain diameter 2mm, drying promotion steamed crab changes the feed of shell；Forage compounding
Rationally, it is full of nutrition comprehensive, contain the nutrition such as protein, amino acid, aliphatic acid, vitamin, the trace element needed for steamed crab
Substance disclosure satisfy that needed for the growth of steamed crab, while feed has stronger oxidation resistance, can remove in steamed crab body
Excessive free radical improves the immunocompetence and anti-stress ability of steamed crab, improves constitution and vigor during steamed crab changes shell,
The attractant of feed and palatability are preferable, can effectively facilitate steamed crab and ingest, and the constitution during shell is changed in enhancing, and steamed crab is allowed to pacify
Whole step, which is crossed, changes the shell phase.
Embodiment 2：
Steamed crab is promoted to change the preparation method of the feed of shell, is included the following steps：
1）Extract fish guts oil：It takes in 130 parts of fresh perch internal organ homogenate to container, adds in 150 parts of distilled water, stir lower water-bath
36 DEG C are warming up to, the potassium hydroxide solution for adding in 10% adjusts pH to 8.4, continues stirring and is warming up to 60 DEG C, keeps the temperature 25 minutes, add
Enter 7 parts of potassium chloride stirring and dissolvings, centrifuged while hot after saltouing 30 minutes, detach to obtain crude fish oil；Siphon crude fish oil and with hot water wash 5
It is secondary, it centrifuges while hot, takes supernatant liquid, fish guts oil is drying to obtain with vacuum drying chamber；Fish guts oil is highly suitable as big lock
The nutriment of crab feed, and this method fish oil yield is high, and easy to operate, it is complete that waste water, waste residue can be made into green high-efficient fertilizer
Full comprehensive utilization, the raw material for being also used as extraction nucleic acid is further high-valued, has achieved the purpose that waste's reclamation；
2）Fish oil is modified：120 parts of fish guts oil, 200 parts of distilled water, 0.06 part of vitamin E is weighed to mix in closed container
It is even, reaction vessel is placed in Ultrasound Instrument, 72 DEG C is heated to and keeps, be continually fed into oxygen 15 minutes, 0.6 part is then added in and takes off
Saturation enzyme, 0.09 part of reduced Coenzyme II, 003 part（S）- 3- hydroxy-5-methyl base -2,4- imidazolones are in supersonic frequency
90KHz, ultrasonic density are 0.6W/cm2The lower reaction of praetersonic effect 95 seconds after it is for use；Siphon enzymatic fish oil simultaneously uses hot water wash
It 5 times, centrifuges while hot, takes supernatant liquid, fish guts oil is drying to obtain with vacuum drying chamber；Enzymatic reaction can be by saturated fatty acid
The hydrogen of long-chain centre position carbon-carbon single bond seizes generation water by oxygen, so as to make chain saturated fatty acids lose hydrogen be converted into it is corresponding
Unrighted acid, so as to make that the polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA, EPA are rich in fish guts oil,（S）- 3- hydroxy-5-methyls base -2,
4- imidazolones can act on enzymatic reaction, can greatly improve the content in enzymatic preparation unrighted acid, and raising changes
The nutritive value of property fish oil, can change the composition of lipid and aliphatic acid in steamed crab body after being fed to the steamed crab for changing the shell phase,
Blood fat in steamed crab body can be adjusted, enhances eyesight, immunity is improved, builds up health, steamed crab safety is promoted to spend and changes the shell phase；
3）Fish meal ferments：Take fish meal with distilled water according to solid-liquid ratio 1:3 ratio is uniformly mixed, and is inoculated with the Mixed Microbes into 5.5%
Kind, mixed bacteria is that weight ratio is 2:1 lactobacillus acidophilus and the Mixed Microbes of bacillus subtilis, when fermenting at a temperature of 37 DEG C
Between 24 hours, low temperature drying after fermentation obtains fermentation fish meal；Small peptide content of fermentation fish meal reaches 24.77% under the conditions of this, volatilization
Property alkali nitrogen be only 42.5mg/100g, the content of limiting amino acid promotes more than 27.75%, the more common fish of total antioxidant capacity
Powder promotes more than 70%, has the great potential for removing excessive free radicals in organism；In addition, in fermentation fish meal, lysine, Soviet Union
The content of the limiting amino acids such as propylhomoserin, methionine, histidine is all obviously improved, and disclosure satisfy that steamed crab to restricted ammonia
The demand of base acid；
4）Bean pulp fermentation：By 50 parts of dregs of beans, 30 parts of Cottonseed Meals, 2.0 parts of soya-bean oil, 0.5 part of sodium chloride, 0.3 part of ammonium sulfate, 20 parts of brans
Skin powder is uniformly mixed, and adds in the water of 1.5 times of amounts, the Mixed Microbes of inoculation dry weight 15%, Mixed Microbes are that weight ratio is 1.5:1.5:
3:1 lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, aspergillus niger, bacillus subtilis mixture, in the condition that fermentation temperature is 30 DEG C, pH is 6.0
Lower fermentation 60 hours, low temperature dewatering and crushes to obtain fermentation cotton dregs after fermentation；After fermentation the small peptide content of cotton dregs can improve to
18.36%, average peptide chain length can be down to 4.23, and Vitro Digestibility can be improved to 88. 59%, significantly improve cottonseed meal
Absorption efficiency increases nutritive value；
5）Compounding：Weigh 25 parts of Modified Fish Oils, 20 parts of fermentation fish meals, 50 parts of fermented bean dregs, 12 parts of flour, 5 portions of salt, 0.3 part
Shelling element, 0.3 part of cuttlefish cream, 5 parts of Shrimp chaff powders, 1.0 parts of carboxymethyl celluloses, 5 parts of compound premixes, 0.006 part of astaxanthin,
0.006 part of canthaxanthin injects in wet granulator be granulated after mixing, expect grain length 10mm, expects grain diameter 4mm, drying
Steamed crab is promoted to change the feed of shell；Forage compounding is reasonable, it is full of nutrition comprehensively, containing needed for steamed crab protein, amino acid,
The nutriments such as aliphatic acid, vitamin, trace element disclosure satisfy that needed for the growth of steamed crab, while feed is with stronger
Oxidation resistance can remove free radical excessive in steamed crab body, improve the immunocompetence and anti-stress ability of steamed crab, carry
High steamed crab change shell during constitution and vigor, the attractant and palatability of feed are preferable, can effectively facilitate steamed crab and ingest,
The constitution during shell is changed in enhancing, and steamed crab is allowed to spend safely and changes the shell phase.
Every kilogram of compound premix contains：VE 50mg, VK 50mg, VB1 80mg, VB2 50mg, niacin 150mg, pantothenic acid
150mg, VB650mg, 0.02 mg of biotin 1mg, VB12,10 mg of folic acid, VC 300IU, VA 10000IU, VD 2000IU,
Copper sulphate 2.0g, ferric sulfate 25g, zinc sulfate 22g, manganese sulfate 7g, 0.04 g of sodium selenite, 0.026 g of potassium iodide, cobalt chloride
0.1g；Compound premix can provide sufficient vitamin and minerals for steamed crab, meet steamed crab to vitamin and mineral
The demand of matter promotes steamed crab to grow up healthy and sound.
Embodiment 3：
Steamed crab is promoted to change the preparation method of the feed of shell, including：Extract modified fish guts oil, fish oil, fish meal fermentation, cotton dregs hair
Ferment, compounding, specifically include following steps：
Extract fish guts oil：It takes in 130 parts of fresh perch internal organ homogenate to container, adds in 130 parts of distilled water, stir lower water-bath liter
For temperature to 35 DEG C, the potassium hydroxide solution for adding in 9% adjusts pH to 8.3, continues stirring and is warming up to 58 DEG C, keep the temperature 20 minutes, adds in 6
Part potassium chloride stirring and dissolving, after saltouing 25 minutes centrifuges, detaches to obtain crude fish oil while hot；Siphon crude fish oil and with hot water wash 4 times, takes advantage of
Heat centrifugation, takes supernatant liquid, and fish guts oil is drying to obtain with vacuum drying chamber；Fish guts oil is highly suitable as steamed crab feed
Nutriment, and this method fish oil yield is high, and easy to operate, waste water, waste residue can be made into green high-efficient fertilizer total integration
It utilizes, the raw material for being also used as extraction nucleic acid is further high-valued, has achieved the purpose that waste's reclamation；
Fish oil is modified：110 parts of fish guts oil, 180 parts of distilled water, 0.05 part of vitamin E is weighed to be uniformly mixed in closed container,
Reaction vessel is placed in Ultrasound Instrument, be heated to 70 DEG C and is kept, is continually fed into oxygen 12 minutes, 0.5 part is then added in and takes off and satisfy
With enzyme, 0.08 part of reduced Coenzyme II, 0.002 part（S）- 3- hydroxy-5-methyl base -2,4- imidazolones are in supersonic frequency
85KHz, ultrasonic density are 0.55W/cm2The lower reaction of praetersonic effect 94 seconds after it is for use；Siphon enzymatic fish oil simultaneously uses hot water
It washes 4 times, centrifuges while hot, take supernatant liquid, fish guts oil is drying to obtain with vacuum drying chamber；Enzymatic reaction can be by saturated fatty acid
The hydrogen of long-chain centre position carbon-carbon single bond generation water is seized by oxygen, be converted into correspondence so as to which chain saturated fatty acids be made to lose hydrogen
Unrighted acid, so as to make in fish guts oil rich in the polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA, EPA,（S）- 3- hydroxy-5-methyls base-
2,4- imidazolones can act on enzymatic reaction, can greatly improve the content in enzymatic preparation unrighted acid, improve
The nutritive value of Modified Fish Oil can change lipid and the group of aliphatic acid in steamed crab body after being fed to the steamed crab for changing the shell phase
Into can adjust blood fat in steamed crab body, enhance eyesight, improve immunity, build up health, steamed crab safety is promoted to spend and changes shell
Phase；
Fish meal ferments：Take fish meal with distilled water according to solid-liquid ratio 1:2 ratio is uniformly mixed, and is inoculated with the mixed bacteria into 5.4%,
Mixed bacteria is that weight ratio is 3:1 lactobacillus acidophilus and the Mixed Microbes of bacillus subtilis, the fermentation time at a temperature of 36 DEG C
20 hours, low temperature drying after fermentation obtained fermentation fish meal；Small peptide content of fermentation fish meal reaches 24.77% under the conditions of this, volatility
Alkali nitrogen is only 42.5mg/100g, and the content of limiting amino acid promotes more than 27.75%, the more common fish meal of total antioxidant capacity
More than 70% is promoted, there is the great potential for removing excessive free radicals in organism；In addition, in fermentation fish meal, lysine, Soviet Union's ammonia
The content of the limiting amino acids such as acid, methionine, histidine is all obviously improved, and disclosure satisfy that steamed crab to restricted amino
The demand of acid；
Bean pulp fermentation：By 45 parts of dregs of beans, 20 parts of Cottonseed Meals, 1.8 parts of soya-bean oil, 0.4 part of sodium chloride, 0.2 part of ammonium sulfate, 18 parts of wheat brans
Powder is uniformly mixed, and adds in the water of 1.2 times of amounts, the Mixed Microbes of inoculation dry weight 14%, Mixed Microbes are that weight ratio is 1.2:1.2:
2.5:1 lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, aspergillus niger, bacillus subtilis mixture, in the item that fermentation temperature is 28 DEG C, pH is 5.9
It ferments 48 hours under part, low temperature dewatering and crushes to obtain fermentation cotton dregs after fermentation；After fermentation the small peptide content of cotton dregs can improve to
18.36%, average peptide chain length can be down to 4.23, and Vitro Digestibility can be improved to 88. 59%, significantly improve cottonseed meal
Absorption efficiency increases nutritive value；
Compounding：Weigh 22 parts of Modified Fish Oils, 18 parts of fermentation fish meals, 45 parts of fermented bean dregs, 10 parts of flour, 4 portions of salt, 0.2 part it is de-
Shell element, 0.2 part of cuttlefish cream, 4 parts of Shrimp chaff powders, 0.8 part of carboxymethyl cellulose, 4 parts of compound premixes, 0.0055 part of astaxanthin,
0.005 part of canthaxanthin injects in wet granulator be granulated after mixing, expects grain length 8mm, expects grain diameter 3mm, and drying promotees
The feed of shell is changed into steamed crab；Forage compounding is reasonable, full of nutrition comprehensive, contains protein, amino acid, the fat needed for steamed crab
The nutriments such as fat acid, vitamin, trace element, disclosure satisfy that needed for the growth of steamed crab, while feed has stronger resist
Oxidability can remove free radical excessive in steamed crab body, improve the immunocompetence and anti-stress ability of steamed crab, improve
Steamed crab change shell during constitution and vigor, the attractant and palatability of feed are preferable, can effectively facilitate steamed crab and ingest, increase
The constitution during shell is changed by force, and steamed crab is allowed to spend safely and changes the shell phase.
Every kilogram of compound premix contains：VE 50mg, VK 50mg, VB1 80mg, VB2 50mg, niacin 150mg, pantothenic acid
150mg, VB650mg, 0.02 mg of biotin 1mg, VB12,10 mg of folic acid, VC 300IU, VA 10000IU, VD 2000IU,
Copper sulphate 2.0g, ferric sulfate 25g, zinc sulfate 22g, manganese sulfate 7g, 0.04 g of sodium selenite, 0.026 g of potassium iodide, cobalt chloride
0.1g；Compound premix can provide sufficient vitamin and minerals for steamed crab, meet steamed crab to vitamin and mineral
The demand of matter promotes steamed crab to grow up healthy and sound.
Routine operation in operating procedure of the present invention is well known to those skilled in the art, herein without repeating.
Technical scheme of the present invention is described in detail in embodiment described above, it should be understood that the above is only
For specific embodiments of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention, all any modifications made in the spirit of the present invention,
Supplement or similar fashion replacement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. steamed crab is promoted to change the preparation method of the feed of shell, including：Extract modified fish guts oil, fish oil, fish meal fermentation, cotton dregs
Fermentation, compounding, it is characterised in that：The fish oil modification procedure is：Weigh 100-120 parts of fish guts oil, distilled water 150-200
Part, 0.05-0.06 parts of vitamin E are uniformly mixed in closed container, and reaction vessel is placed in Ultrasound Instrument, is heated to 70-72
DEG C and keep, be continually fed into oxygen 10-15 minutes, then add in desaturase, reduced Coenzyme II,（S）- 3- hydroxy-5-methyls
Base -2,4- imidazolone, siphon enzymatic fish oil and with hot water wash 3-5 times after praetersonic effect is lower, centrifuges, takes upper liquid while hot
Body is drying to obtain fish guts oil with vacuum drying chamber.
2. the preparation method of the feed according to claim 1 that steamed crab is promoted to change shell, it is characterised in that：The fish oil changes
Property step in desaturase additive amount for 0.5-0.6 part, reduced Coenzyme II is 0.07-0.09 parts,（S）- 3- hydroxy-5-methyls
Base -2,4- imidazolones are 0.001-003 parts.
3. the preparation method of the feed according to claim 1 that steamed crab is promoted to change shell, it is characterised in that：The fish oil changes
Property step in the supersonic frequency that acts on of praetersonic for 80-90KHz, ultrasonic density is 0.5-0.6W/cm2, reaction time 90-
95 seconds.
4. the preparation method of the feed according to claim 1 that steamed crab is promoted to change shell, it is characterised in that：The extraction fish
Application of Viscera Oil step is：It takes in 120-130 parts of fresh perch internal organ homogenate to container, adds in 100-150 parts of distilled water, stir lower water
Bath is warming up to 35-36 DEG C, and the potassium hydroxide solution for adding in 8-10% adjusts pH to 8.2-8.4, continues stirring and is warming up to 55-60 DEG C,
Heat preservation 15-25 minutes adds in 5-7 parts of potassium chloride stirring and dissolvings, is centrifuged while hot after saltouing 20-30 minutes, detach to obtain crude fish oil.
5. the preparation method of the feed according to claim 1 that steamed crab is promoted to change shell, it is characterised in that：The fish meal hair
Ferment step is：Take fish meal with distilled water according to solid-liquid ratio 1:The ratio of 2-3 is uniformly mixed, and is inoculated with the Mixed Microbes into 5.0-5.5%
Kind, fermentation time 20-24 hours at a temperature of 35-37 DEG C.
6. the preparation method of the feed according to claim 5 that steamed crab is promoted to change shell, it is characterised in that：The fish meal hair
Mixed bacteria in ferment step is that weight ratio is 2-4:1 lactobacillus acidophilus and the Mixed Microbes of bacillus subtilis.
7. the preparation method of the feed according to claim 1 that steamed crab is promoted to change shell, it is characterised in that：The dregs of beans hair
Ferment step is：By 40-50 parts of dregs of beans, 20-30 parts of Cottonseed Meals, 1.5-2.0 parts of soya-bean oil, 0.3-0.5 parts of sodium chloride, 0.2-0.3 parts
Ammonium sulfate, 15-20 a part wheatfeed are uniformly mixed, and add in the 1.0-1.5 times of water measured, and are inoculated with the Mixed Microbes of dry weight 12-15%,
It ferments 48-60 hours under conditions of fermentation temperature is 28-30 DEG C, pH is 5.8-6.0, low temperature dewatering and crushes after fermentation
Obtain fermentation cotton dregs.
8. the preparation method of the feed according to claim 7 that steamed crab is promoted to change shell, it is characterised in that：The dregs of beans hair
Mixed Microbes in ferment step are that weight ratio is 1-1.5:1-1.5：2-3:1 lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, aspergillus niger, bacillus subtilis
The mixture of bacterium.
9. the preparation method of the feed according to claim 1 that steamed crab is promoted to change shell, it is characterised in that：The compounding step
Suddenly it is：Weigh 20-25 parts of Modified Fish Oils, 15-20 parts of fermentation fish meals, 40-50 parts of fermented bean dregs, 10-12 parts of flour, 2-5 portions of foods
Salt, 0.2-0.3 part shelling element, 0.2-0.3 parts of cuttlefish creams, 3-5 parts of Shrimp chaff powders, 0.5-1.0 parts of carboxymethyl celluloses, 3-5 parts it is multiple
Premix, 0.005-0.006 parts of astaxanthins, 0.005-0.006 parts of canthaxanthins are closed, injects in wet granulator make after mixing
Grain expects grain length 6-10mm, expects grain diameter 2-4mm, and drying promotion steamed crab changes the feed of shell.
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| CN112602827A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-06 | 西藏自治区农牧科学院水产科学研究所 | Fermented feed for improving oxidation resistance of Gymnocypris przewalskii |
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