CN108173004B - Adjustable anti-interference microwave uniform line source generation system - Google Patents
Adjustable anti-interference microwave uniform line source generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108173004B CN108173004B CN201810084809.5A CN201810084809A CN108173004B CN 108173004 B CN108173004 B CN 108173004B CN 201810084809 A CN201810084809 A CN 201810084809A CN 108173004 B CN108173004 B CN 108173004B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
- H01Q19/08—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located
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Abstract
The invention discloses an adjustable anti-interference microwave uniform line source generating system, which comprises: the microwave source is used for emitting point microwave beams; the beam expanding hyperboloid lens is hyperbolic in the E direction and the H direction and is used for expanding the point microwave beam; wherein, the direction E is a side-view projection surface, and the direction H is a top-view projection surface; the reconstructed toroidal lens E is hyperbolic in direction and is used for redistributing energy in the vertical direction of the microwave beam at the point after beam expansion, the Gaussian distribution of the energy is changed into uniform line distribution, and the curvature radius of the reconstructed toroidal lens E to the hyperbolic is smaller than that of the beam expansion hyperbolic lens E to the hyperbolic; the collimating toroidal lens E is hyperbolic and H-curved, and is used for collimating and collecting the E-direction divergent line distribution microwave beam, so that the width of the H-direction microwave beam is kept unchanged, and a microwave uniform line source is obtained. The invention can obtain the microwave uniform line source by point microwave source.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of linear microwave sources, in particular to an adjustable anti-interference uniform microwave line source generating system.
Background
Microwave refers to electromagnetic waves with a frequency of 300MHz to 300GHz and a wavelength of 1mm to 1000 mm. The properties of microwaves include mainly the photophobicity, informativeness, permeability and nonionization. Because of these characteristics, microwaves are widely used in various fields such as scientific research, military, medicine, agriculture, food and the like, and particularly, in the fields of radar and communication, the microwaves have long-term accumulation and application.
For the optical similarity of microwave, because the wavelength of microwave is very small, when the microwave irradiates some objects, it will produce significant reflection and refraction, just like the reflection and refraction of light. Meanwhile, the microwave propagation characteristics are similar to those of geometric optics, and can be linearly propagated and easily concentrated like light rays, for example, a microwave source can often emit a microwave beam through an antenna horn, the beam is propagated in space to be close to Gaussian distribution of laser, and the characteristics are often used in radar navigation and scientific experiments.
However, the microwave sources commonly used at present are point sources, and the cross-sectional energy distribution of the emitted microwave beam is a two-dimensional Gaussian distribution. For a system requiring line distribution transmission or line distribution receiving requirements, the point transmission microwave source cannot meet the working requirements of the system, which brings great problems to related designers and experimenters. Further, if uniform microwave line sources are required, even line sources that are robust and can be adjusted according to microwave frequency changes, a new technical method is needed to realize the uniform microwave line sources.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem that the point-emitting microwave source cannot meet the working requirement of a system which needs line distribution emission or line distribution receiving requirements because common microwave sources are point sources.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an adjustable anti-interference microwave uniform line source generating system, comprising: the device comprises a microwave source, and a beam expanding hyperboloid lens, a reconstruction toroidal lens and a collimation toroidal lens which are sequentially arranged on one side of the microwave source;
the microwave source is used for emitting point microwave beams; the E direction and the H direction of one side of the beam expanding hyperboloid lens, which is close to the microwave source, are hyperbolas, and one side of the beam expanding hyperboloid lens, which is far away from the microwave source, is a plane and is used for expanding the spot microwave beam; wherein, the direction E is a side-view projection surface, and the direction H is a top-view projection surface; the direction E of the reconstructed toroidal lens close to one side of the beam expanding hyperboloid lens is a hyperbola, and is used for redistributing the energy in the vertical direction of the microwave beam at the point after beam expansion and changing the Gaussian distribution of the energy into uniform line distribution, and the curvature radius of the reconstructed toroidal lens E to the hyperbola is smaller than that of the beam expanding hyperboloid lens E to the hyperboloid; and the collimating toroidal lens is curved in the E direction and the H direction at one side close to the reconstructing toroidal lens, and is used for collimating and converging the E direction divergent line distribution microwave beam, so that the width of the H direction microwave beam is kept unchanged, and a microwave uniform line source is obtained. Optionally, the adjustable anti-jamming microwave uniform line source generating system further comprises: receiving a panel; the receiving panel is positioned on one side of the collimation toroidal lens, which is far away from the reconstruction toroidal lens, and is used for marking the generation position, size and energy distribution condition of the microwave uniform line source.
Optionally, the adjustable anti-jamming microwave uniform line source generating system further comprises: a precision electric mobile platform; the precise electric mobile platform is used for changing the distance between the microwave source and the beam expanding hyperboloid lens, so that the energy distribution of the linear microwave beam received by the receiving panel can be kept basically unchanged according to the requirement of microwave frequency change.
Optionally, the precise electric moving platform travels a distance of about 100mm in a range of point microwave frequencies 75GHz to 140GHz, and the energy distribution of the linear microwave beam received by the receiving panel can be kept substantially unchanged.
Optionally, the conic constants of the E-direction hyperboloid and the H-direction hyperboloid of the beam expanding hyperboloid lens are-2.518, the curvature radius is 151mm, the half-height half-width of the beam expanding hyperboloid lens is 57mm, the center thickness is 20mm, and the distance from the reconstruction toroidal lens is 20 mm.
Optionally, a curved surface constant of the reconstructed toroidal lens E to a hyperbola is-1.6, a curvature radius is 25mm, half-height and half-width of the reconstructed toroidal lens are all 80mm, a center thickness is 70mm, and a distance from the reconstructed toroidal lens to the collimating toroidal lens is 300 mm.
Optionally, a conic constant of the collimating toroidal lens E to a hyperbola is-1.5, a radius of curvature of the E to the hyperbola is 220mm, the collimating toroidal lens is curved in the H direction, the radius of curvature of the E to the hyperbola is 200mm, a half height of the collimating toroidal lens is 230mm, a half width of the collimating toroidal lens is 70mm, and a center thickness of the collimating toroidal lens is 120 mm.
Optionally, the receiving panel is a flat plate with half height of 300mm and half width of 50mm, and the distance from the collimating toroidal lens is 200 mm.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the line source microwave beam energy distribution of the microwave uniform line source generating system provided by the invention is uniform, the wave front is parallel to the receiving surface, the collimation is good, the microwave beam energy loss rate in the whole generating process is low, and the line source microwave beam energy distribution generating system is a good uniform line microwave source generating system.
2. Before entering the reconstruction toroidal lens, the microwave uniform line source generation system expands the beam of the point signal emitted by the microwave source through the beam expansion hyperboloid lens, so that the anti-interference capability of the whole system is improved, the influence of millimeter-scale vibration dislocation and rotation dislocation within several degrees on the system is small, and a loose margin is provided for manufacturing process precision and installation precision.
3. The microwave uniform line source generating system provided by the invention can meet the requirements under different microwave frequencies only by moving the precise electric moving platform on the premise of keeping the energy distribution of the linear microwave beam received by the receiving panel basically unchanged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave uniform line source generating system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view structural diagram (E drawing) of the microwave uniform line source generating system provided by the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view structural diagram (H view) of the microwave uniform line source generating system provided by the present invention;
the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: 1 is a beam expanding hyperboloid lens, 2 is a reconstruction toroidal lens, 3 is a collimation toroidal lens, 4 is a receiving panel, 5 is a precise electric moving platform, and S is a specified transmitting position of a horn mouth of a microwave point source.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an adjustable anti-interference uniform microwave line source generating system. The system has a compact structure, can be realized on a platform of about 1m, adopts three quadric surface lenses made of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) and a precise electric moving platform, and can expand a point microwave beam emitted by a common microwave source into a linear microwave beam by inputting the point microwave beam, wherein the three quadric surface lenses made of the ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) are beam-expanding hyperboloid lenses, reconstruction toroidal lenses and collimation toroidal lenses.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a microwave uniform line source generating system provided by the present invention, and as shown in fig. 1, the microwave uniform line source generating system includes a beam expanding hyperboloid lens 1, a reconstructing toroidal lens 2, a collimating toroidal lens 3, a receiving panel 4 and a precision electric moving platform 5.
The positive (being close to the microwave source, the same below) E of beam expanding hyperboloid lens 1 all is the hyperbola to (vertical face, look down the plane of projection promptly, the same below) H (horizontal plane, look down the plane of projection promptly, the same below), and its quadric surface constant is-2.518, and radius of curvature is 151mm, and the back (keeping away from the microwave source, the same below) is the plane, and half high half width of lens all is 57mm, and central thickness 20mm, 2 distances apart from reconsitution toroidal lens are 20 mm. The method has the main effects that before entering the reconstruction toroidal lens 2, point signals emitted by a microwave source are expanded, on one hand, the curvature radius of the tip of the reconstruction toroidal lens 2 is increased, the processing difficulty of the reconstruction toroidal lens is reduced, on the other hand, the anti-interference capability, namely robustness, of the whole system is increased, and the system can keep good working state and effect under the condition that certain installation and processing errors exist (for example, the centers of the expanded beam hyperboloid lens 1 and the reconstruction toroidal lens 2 are not in the same optical axis).
The reconstructed toroidal lens 2 has a hyperbolic curve in the E direction only on the front surface, a conic constant of-1.6, a curvature radius of 25mm, a plane on the back surface, a half-height and half-width of the lens of 80mm, a central thickness of 70mm, and a distance of about 300mm from the collimating toroidal lens 3. The main function is to redistribute the energy of the microwave beam E expanded by the beam expanding hyperboloid lens 1 through the upward small curvature radius 'tip' of the E without changing the H direction distribution. The selection of the E-direction radius of curvature is important, and needs to be small enough for energy redistribution and also needs to be sized to enhance the interference rejection capability of the system. The microwave beam passing through the reconstructed toroidal lens 2 can generate huge spherical aberration, and the energy from the E direction to the center is distributed to the edge, so that the original Gaussian distribution is changed into uniform line distribution, and the energy attenuation gradient of the edge part of a new uniform line source is huge, therefore, the energy utilization rate of the whole process is very high. However, the wavefront of the microwave beam after passing through the reconstruction toroidal lens 2 is not a vertical plane required by a general microwave line source, and therefore, the collimating toroidal lens 3 is required to level the wavefront of the microwave beam.
The front surface of the collimating toroidal lens 3 is a hyperbola only in the E direction, the conic constant of the collimating toroidal lens is-1.5, the curvature radius is 220mm, the back surface of the collimating toroidal lens is a common cylindrical surface, the collimating toroidal lens is bent in the H direction, the curvature radius is 200mm, the half height of the collimating toroidal lens is 230mm, the half width of the collimating toroidal lens is 70mm, and the center thickness of the collimating toroidal lens is 120 mm. The main positive effect is to converge the E-directed diverging line-distributed microwave beam so that the microwave beam front can be as parallel as possible to the final receiving panel 4 over a distance, i.e. collimation. The back side of the microwave receiving device mainly has the function of collecting the H-direction divergent microwave beam, so that the width of the H-direction microwave beam in the whole system is kept unchanged as much as possible.
The receiving panel 4 is a flat plate with half height of 300mm and half width of 50mm, the distance from the collimating toroidal lens 3 is 200mm, and the practical significance lies in marking the final generation position, size and energy distribution condition of the microwave uniform line source.
The precise electric moving platform 5 has the functions of: for a microwave uniform line source generating system, the same output mode (the same line size and energy distribution condition) needs to be kept under different microwave frequency requirements, but the same output mode cannot be realized under the condition that all lens parameters are fixed and the relative distance is not changed, so that the energy distribution of a linear microwave beam received by a receiving panel can be basically kept unchanged according to the requirement of microwave frequency change under the condition that the distance between a microwave emission source and a beam expanding hyperboloid lens 1 is only changed through a precise electric moving platform 5, and the traveling distance of the linear microwave beam is about 100mm and basically usable within the range of 75GHz to 140GHz after tests.
Fig. 2 and 3 are a front view structural diagram and a top view structural diagram of the microwave uniform line source generating system provided by the present invention, respectively, in an optical design part, three lenses, namely, a hyperboloid lens 1, a reconstructed toroidal lens 2, and a collimating toroidal lens 3, are arranged in sequence as shown in fig. 1, 2, and 3, and in order to make the centers of the lenses all on the same optical axis, it is noted that a cross laser level may be used to correct baselines in the horizontal direction (E direction) and the vertical direction (H direction), respectively.
After the positioning and calibration of the optical design part are carried out, a microwave point source is placed on the precise electric moving platform 5, and then a horn mouth of the microwave point source is placed at a specified transmitting position S (the E/H direction calibration is also carried out).
Through simulation of optical design software, the moving distance of the control part of the precise electric moving platform 5 is adjusted according to the microwave frequency emitted by a microwave point source, and the moving distance required by the precise electric moving platform 5 is about 100mm within the range of 75GHz-140 GHz.
In a specific example, when the microwave frequency is 92.5GHz, the distance between the horn mouth S of the microwave point source and the center of the optical axis of the hyperboloid lens 1 is 258.7 mm.
And (3) opening a microwave point source, and forming uniform line distribution of point microwave beams near the receiving panel 4 through the whole optical system, namely completing the generation of the line source.
After the generation of the microwave uniform line source is completed once, if the emission frequency of the microwave source needs to be changed and the generation is performed once again, the distance between the horn mouth of the microwave point source and the optical axis center of the hyperboloid lens 1 can be calculated again through the simulation of the optical design software, specifically, in the example, when the microwave frequency is 110GHz, the distance between the horn mouth S of the microwave point source and the optical axis center of the hyperboloid lens 1 is 287 mm.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An adjustable anti-interference microwave uniform line source generating system, comprising: the device comprises a microwave source, and a beam expanding hyperboloid lens, a reconstruction toroidal lens and a collimation toroidal lens which are sequentially arranged on one side of the microwave source;
the microwave source is used for emitting point microwave beams;
the E direction and the H direction of one side of the beam expanding hyperboloid lens, which is close to the microwave source, are hyperbolas, and one side of the beam expanding hyperboloid lens, which is far away from the microwave source, is a plane and is used for expanding the spot microwave beam; wherein, the direction E is a side-view projection surface, and the direction H is a top-view projection surface;
only the E direction of one side, close to the beam expanding hyperboloid lens, of the reconstructed toroidal lens is a hyperbola, the other side of the reconstructed toroidal lens is a plane, the reconstructed toroidal lens is used for redistributing energy in the vertical direction of the microwave beam at the point after beam expanding, Gaussian distribution of the energy is changed into uniform line distribution, and the curvature radius of the reconstructed toroidal lens E to the hyperbola is smaller than that of the beam expanding hyperboloid lens E to the hyperbola;
the collimating toroidal lens is curved in the E direction and the H direction at one side close to the reconstructing toroidal lens, and is used for collimating and collecting the microwave beam distributed to the diverging line of the E direction, and the other side is a common cylindrical surface, so that the width of the microwave beam in the H direction is kept unchanged, and a microwave uniform line source is obtained.
2. The adjustable anti-jamming microwave uniform line source generation system according to claim 1, further comprising: receiving a panel;
the receiving panel is positioned on one side of the collimation toroidal lens, which is far away from the reconstruction toroidal lens, and is used for marking the generation position, size and energy distribution condition of the microwave uniform line source.
3. The adjustable anti-jamming microwave uniform line source generation system according to claim 2, further comprising: a precision electric mobile platform;
the precise electric mobile platform is used for changing the distance between the microwave source and the beam expanding hyperboloid lens, so that the energy distribution of the linear microwave beam received by the receiving panel can be kept basically unchanged according to the requirement of microwave frequency change.
4. The adjustable anti-jamming microwave uniform line source generating system according to claim 3, wherein the traveling distance of the precise electric moving platform is about 100mm within the range of point microwave frequency 75GHz to 140GHz, and the energy distribution of the linear microwave beam received by the receiving panel can be kept basically unchanged.
5. The adjustable anti-interference microwave uniform line source generation system according to claim 1, wherein conic constants of E-direction hyperboloid and H-direction hyperboloid of the beam expanding hyperboloid lens are-2.518, the curvature radius is 151mm, half-height half-width of the beam expanding hyperboloid lens is 57mm, the center thickness is 20mm, and the distance from the reconstruction toroidal lens is 20 mm.
6. The adjustable anti-interference microwave uniform line source generation system according to claim 1, wherein the curve constant of the reconstruction toroidal lens E to the hyperbola is-1.6, the curvature radius is 25mm, the half-height and half-width of the reconstruction toroidal lens are all 80mm, the center thickness is 70mm, and the distance from the collimation toroidal lens is 300 mm.
7. The adjustable anti-interference microwave uniform line source generation system according to claim 1, wherein the collimation toroidal lens has a conic constant of-1.5 in E direction hyperbolic curve, a curvature radius of 220mm in E direction, a curvature radius of 200mm in E direction, a half height of 230mm in collimation toroidal lens, a half width of 70mm, and a center thickness of 120 mm.
8. The adjustable anti-jamming microwave uniform line source generating system according to claim 2, wherein the receiving panel is a flat plate with half height of 300mm and half width of 50mm, and the distance from the collimating toroidal lens is 200 mm.
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