RU2461929C1 - Method for optimal location and orientation of receiving/transmitting radiator in form of coaxially located dielectrics of cylindrical form in focal area of used collimating surfaces - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio engineering.

SUBSTANCE: the following actions are performed: there confirmed is a size of constriction area of ray-optical field that is the sum of ray-optical beams reflected from collimating surface with radiator aperture; there set is a single-beam character of ray-optical field with simultaneous approaching of ray-optical beams distribution density in the area of confirmation to Gauss distribution; the number of slanting beams in radiator is minimised at its excitation from collimating surface by minimising the distance from radiator main section surface to deflection plain of random ray-optical beam.

EFFECT: increase of antenna directivity factor for each of partial beams and isolation value between partial beams.

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Description

The invention relates to radio engineering, namely to antenna systems (AS), providing the formation of a multi-beam beam pattern with emitters such as a dielectric waveguide or optical fiber located on the irradiating array (OR) and using collimating surfaces (CLP) of various profiles (parabolic, elliptical, spherical). The method described in the invention is proposed for use in radio communication systems, radio direction finding and radio engineering systems for monitoring objects, optical multiplexing / demultiplexing devices.

In the known designs of multi-beam mirror antennas (AS USSR No. 148630, H01Q 15/20, No. 1181020, H01Q 19/18, No. 1137548, H01Q 19/18, No. 1596420, H01Q 25/00, No. 1647708, H01Q 3 / 26, No. 1517080, H01Q 3/24, No. 1665443, H01Q 25/00, No. 218519, H01Q 19/18, H01Q 19/185, No. 2336615, H01Q 15/00, US Pat. No. 2624398, H01Q 3/26, US Pat. No. 4044361, H01Q 3/00, No. 4516130, H01Q 19/19, No. 3914768, H01Q 3/24) describes various technical solutions for generating several rejected radiation patterns - "partial rays" or scanning a radiation pattern with a beam at a given angular sector with various methods of placement and orientation of the irradiating array and irradiators on n d.

However, the effectiveness of such technical solutions is reduced due to the presence of phase distortions arising from inaccurate placement and orientation of the receiving / transmitting emitter to the used LPC.

The closest in technical essence is the design of a multi-beam neaplanatic mirror antenna described in patent RU No. 2181519, H01Q 19/18, H01Q 19/185, which proposes an algorithm for placing emitters forming a spherical phase front of the emitted wave in the region corresponding to the maximum concentration of the radiation ( in the geometrical optical representation) of the stream reflected from the main and additional reflectors of the incoming wave with a flat phase front, the direction of arrival of which coincides with the orientation of the maximum of the diag Amma orientation, wherein the phase center of each radiator is aligned with the preceding partial phase center of the reflector, defined as the center of gravity of the mass points inhomogeneous emitter aperture plane figure bounded by rays (in the geometrical optics representation) reflected from the preceding edge of the mirror.

The design flaws include a decrease in the electromagnetic field level in the reception mode of the rejected "partial" beam and an increase in losses in the transmission mode during the formation of rejected "partial" rays due to violation of the conditions for matching the electromagnetic field of the wave coming from the CLP with the emitter field in the form of coaxially arranged dielectrics of a cylindrical form. The consequence of this is a decrease in the directional coefficient of the antenna for each of the partial rays and a decrease in the isolation between the partial rays. Therefore, the effectiveness of this technical solution is reduced.

The objective of the invention is to provide a method for the optimal placement and orientation of the receiving / transmitting emitter in the form of coaxially arranged cylindrical dielectrics in the focal region of the used collimating surfaces to increase the directional coefficient of the antenna [Zaikin I.P., Tonky A.V., Abramov S.K. ., Lukin V.V. Fundamentals of the theory of antennas. - Kharkov, 2005, p.10] for each of the partial rays and the magnitude of the isolation between the partial rays.

This problem is solved in that the method of optimal placement and orientation of the receiving / transmitting emitter in the form of coaxially arranged cylindrical dielectrics in the focal region of the used collimating surfaces, which consists in placing and orienting the emitters forming the spherical phase front of the emitted wave in the general coordinate system of the collimating surface for an arbitrary direction of arrival of a plane wave, characterized in that the orientation angles of the emitter located at a point correspond to the maximum concentration of geometrical optical rays (GO rays) reflected from the collimating surface in the transmit / receive mode for a given direction of arrival of the plane wave and defined as the center of mass of the points of the inhomogeneous plane shape of the emitter’s aperture bounded by the rays reflected from the collimating surface in the general coordinate system the collimating surface is determined by solving the problems of matching the dimensions of the waist region of the geo-optical field (GO field), which is a set of GO rays reflected about t collimating surface, and the aperture of the emitter; assigning the single-beam character of the GO field with the simultaneous approximation of the distribution density of the GO rays in the matching region to the Gaussian distribution; minimize the number of "oblique" rays in the emitter when it is excited from the collimating surface by minimizing the distance from the plane of the main cross section of the emitter to the plane of refraction of an arbitrary GO ray.

The listed new set of essential features provides an increase in the directional coefficient of the antenna for each of the partial rays and the magnitude of the isolation between the partial rays.

The analysis of the prior art made it possible to establish that analogues that are characterized by a combination of features that are identical to all the features of the claimed technical solution are absent, which indicates compliance of the invention with the condition of patentability "novelty".

Search results for known solutions in this and related fields of technology in order to identify features that match the distinctive features of the claimed object from the prototype showed that they do not follow explicitly from the prior art. The prior art also did not reveal the popularity of the impact provided by the essential features of the claimed invention, the transformations on the achievement of the specified technical result. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

The claimed method is illustrated by drawings, which show:

figure 1 - geometry of the solution to the problem of the optimal placement and orientation of the receiving / transmitting emitter;

figure 2 is a block diagram of an algorithm for the placement and orientation of the receiving / transmitting emitter in the form of coaxially arranged cylindrical dielectrics in the focal region of the used collimating surfaces;

figure 3 - distribution of the radiation flux reflected from the reflector on the surface of the emitter, in the case of software implementation of the method of placement and orientation described in patent RU No. 2181519, H01Q 19/18, H01Q 19/185;

figure 4 - spectral density distribution of the rays reflected from the reflector on the surface of the emitter in the case of software implementation of the method of placement and orientation described in patent RU No. 2181519, H01Q 19/18, H01Q 19/185;

figure 5 - distribution of the radiation flux reflected from the reflector on the surface of the emitter, in the case of software implementation of the inventive method;

Fig.6 is the spectral density of the distribution of the rays reflected from the reflector on the surface of the emitter in the case of software implementation of the inventive method.

In the general case, the solution of the problem is reduced to the optimal placement and orientation of the emitter plane (1) (coordinate system O ”X” Y ”Z”) (see FIG. 1) in the general coordinate system XYZ of the CLP (2) for an arbitrary direction (θ _m , ξ _m ) of arrival of a plane wave (3). The procedure for performing the search algorithm for the optimal placement of the emitter in the "KLP - emitter" system is reduced to the following steps.

The first stage is to solve the problem of determining the point of maximum concentration of GO rays (point O ”(x _f , y _f , z _f )) for an arbitrary direction (θ _m , ξ _m ) of arrival of a plane wave.

отраженного от КЛП в точке M(x_j, y_j, z_j), записывается в видеIn the focal region of the CLP, the point O ”(x _f , y _f , z _f ) is given. Then the square of the distance from this point to an arbitrary ray with guide coefficients

reflected from the CLP at the point M (x _j , y _j , z _j ), is written as

где

- условие направляющих коэффициентов.

Where

- the condition of the guide coefficients.

The density of rays in the focal region is proportional to d ² and is determined by the expression

where n is the number of rays in the geometric optics approximation reflected from the LPC reflector at the points (x _j ; y _j ; z _j ), j = 1 ... n. The maximum density of rays corresponds to the minimum of the sum of the squares of the distances from the point O ”(x _f , y _f , z _f ) to all rays reflected from the reflector. The latter corresponds to the system of equations:

Substituting (1) and (2) into (3), after performing the transformations, we obtain a non-singular system of algebraic equations of the form An = b:

n _x = ∂z / ∂x; n _y = ∂z / ∂y.

Solution (4) in the form n = A ^-1 b allows you to determine the coordinates of the point O ”(x _f , y _f , z _f ) in the coordinate system (O, x, y, z) for each individual angle (θ _m , ξ _m ) the arrival of a plane electromagnetic wave, determined by the wavelength.

The second stage provides coordination of the sizes of the waist region of the CL field of the CLP and the aperture of the emitter, as well as the single-beam nature of this field with the simultaneous approximation of the distribution density of GO rays in the matching region to the Gaussian distribution. We introduce the parameter of the existence of the fundamental mode field in a coaxial type emitter or fiber [Unger H.-G. Planar and fiber optical waveguides. - M.: Publishing. World, 1980]

where a is the radius of the emitter;

v ₂ is the refractive index on the axis of the emitter;

k = 2π / λ is the wave parameter in free space;

Δ is the relative difference in the refractive indices of the emitter.

The parameter w _oс determines the radius of coordination. We describe the transverse distribution of the field of the main mode by the Gaussian function Ψ (w) = exp (-a ² / 2w ² ), which ensures the absence of side lobes in the characteristic (diagram) of the emitter radiation, and, therefore, reduces the effect of mutual influence of adjacent emitters in the speakers with using KLP. Thus, to achieve the goal of the second stage of the optimization algorithm, the following conditions must be met:

where w _go , w _oc is the radius of the waist zone of the G-rays of the CLP and the radius of the spot matching the emitter, respectively;

| S (w _go ) |, | Ψ (w _oc ) | - distribution of the spectral density of GO rays in the region of the KLP waist and the Gaussian distribution at the emitter aperture, respectively. Since the geometrical dimensions of the aperture of the emitter and their physical parameters are, as a rule, known or can be specified, the determination of w _{oc is} not a problem. A joint solution of (7) and (8) can be achieved by passing to a barycentric coordinate system or B-coordinates [Balk MB, Boltyanskiy V.G. Geometry mass.- M .: Izd. Science, 1987, p.76], while condition (7) takes the form

- общая "масса" σ-системы материальных точек в области согласования;Where

- the total "mass" of the σ-system of material points in the field of coordination;

(J _K (σ), J _f (σ)) are the moments of inertia of the σ-system relative to the selected points K _j (x _П , y _П , z _П ) and Ф (x _ф , y _ф , z _ф ) ⇔ O ”( x _f , y _f , z _f ) defining the dimensions of the hauling or matching region.

We determine the "masses" of the points of the σ-system that belong to w _go , w _oc from the density of their arrangement relative to each other and represent them in the form of spectral distributions | S (w _go ) |, | Ψ (w _oc ) |.

We introduce the Euclidean distance between some kth material point in the N-dimensional space and other points of the same space:

where j is the index of the tested material points of the N-dimensional space, (r _k -r _j ) ² = (x _k -x _j ) ² + (y _k -y _j ) ² + (z _k -z _j ) ² .

The normalized value of the "mass" of each of the k-x material points in the N-dimensional space will be obtained in the form

Moments of inertia of the σ-system relative to the selected points K _j (x _П , y _П , z _П ) and Ф (x _ф , y _ф , z _ф ) ⇔O ”(x _ф , y _ф , z _ф ) in the N-dimensional space are written as:

Since the sum of the distances from an arbitrary point of the matching region to all GO rays will characterize their density in the vicinity of this point, the distribution of the spectral density of GO rays in the region of the CLP constriction is determined by the expression [Born M., Wolf E. Fundamentals of Optics. - M.: Publishing. Science, 1973, p.265]

a Gaussian distribution at the aperture of the emitter

.Where

.

Thus, the achievement of (7) and (8) is reduced to the sequential execution of the operations: calculating the "masses" of all k∈j ... N points of intersection of the GO rays with the section plane of the waist region (matching) according to (11); calculation of the coordinates of the center of mass of the totality of the above points (the coordinates of the point Ф (x _ф , y _ф , z _ф ) ⇔O ”(x _ф , y _ф , z _ф )); setting the "masses" of the obtained points in accordance with the Gaussian distribution according to (14); determination of the values of J _K (σ) and J _Ф (σ) according to (12); solving the search problem (x _k , y _k , z _k ) that deliver a minimum

, т.е. задаче программирования с ограничениями типа неравенств.while limiting

, i.e. a programming problem with inequality constraints.

The third stage is aimed at solving the problem of minimizing the number of "oblique" rays in the emitter when it is excited from the CLP. From the geometry of the solution to the problem shown in FIG. 1, it is obvious that at the intersection of the j-th GO ray coming from the j-th point on the surface of the LPC mirror, a certain point K _j (x _П , y _П , z _П ) is formed in the plane of the radiator aperture , which simultaneously belongs to two planes, namely, the plane of incidence / refraction - Q _j passing through the incoming reflected j-th GO ray and normal to the surface of the aperture of the OS and the meridional plane of the emitter - Ф _j passing through the points O ”(x _f , y _f , z _f ), K _j (x _P , y _P , z _P ) and the emitter axis defined by the vector M _c O ”. Introducing the refraction plane Q _j for each j-th GO ray, we can determine the point T _j (x _q , y _q , z _q ) - the intersection of the perpendicular dropped from the point M _c (x _c , y _c , z _c ), by determination of the belonging to the meridional plane Ф _j , with the plane Q _j . In turn, knowing the point T _j (x _q , y _q , z _q ), which, by the condition of the solution, belongs to the plane Q _j , we can set the vector (KT) _j . The distance ρ _j = | M _c T _j | from the entered point M _c (x _c , y _c , z _c ) to the variable vector (KT) _j characterizes the angular deviation of the plane of refraction from the meridional plane, and therefore, the minimum sum of the squares of the distances ρ _j = | M _c T _j | for all GO rays, and will correspond to the position of the point M _c (x _c , y _c , z _c ) at which the total number of oblique rays or spatial modes in the emitter is minimized.

The procedure for solving the third stage of the algorithm is reduced to the following sequence. From the solution (8), the position of the point O ”(x _f , y _f , z _f ) is determined, then, setting the coordinates of the point N (x _k , y _k , z _k ), we find the direction vector

Where

We determine the position of the main planes (O ”X” Z ”) and (O” Y ”Z”) of the “beam” of the meridional planes of the emitter:

Where

относительно системы координат КЛП и определяем точки пересечения j-x ГО-лучей с плоскостью апертуры излучателя:Set axis orientation

relative to the KLP coordinate system and determine the intersection points jx of the GO rays with the plane of the aperture of the emitter:

Where

In accordance with the law of refraction [Borovikov V.A., Kinber B.E. The geometric theory of diffraction. - M .: Communication, 1978, p.13]

where ν is the ratio of the refractive indices of the media;

к поверхности апертуры ОС и вектором отраженного от КЛП₂ луча

);Ψ ₀ - angle of incidence (angle between the normal of the normal

to the surface of the aperture of the OS and the vector of the beam reflected from the CLP ₂

);

и

).Ψ ₂ - angle of refraction (angle between the unit vector

and

)

преломленного j-го ГО-луча с учетом орта внешней нормали к плоскости апертуры ОС в каждой ее точке с координатами K_j(x_П, y_П, z_П)Determine the direction cosines

refracted j-th GO ray, taking into account the unit vector of the outer normal to the plane of the OS aperture at each point with coordinates K _j (x _П , y _П , z _П )

,

берутся по поверхности апертуры излучателя.where are the derivatives

,

taken over the surface of the aperture of the emitter.

The equation of the plane of refraction is written as:

;Where

;

;

;

The coordinates of the intersection point of the perpendicular dropped from the point M _c (x _c , y _c , z _c ) to this plane, we write in the form:

Where

, принадлежащего только данной плоскости

гдеFrom (21), the direction cosines of the vector are easily determined

belonging only to this plane

Where

, где соотношениеDemand

where the ratio

приводит к решению задачи безусловной оптимизации вида (3)

leads to solving the problem of unconditional optimization of the form (3)

на

Решение (23) определяет положение оси излучателя относительно апертуры, а следовательно, и угол среза торца излучателя для конкретного положения в пространстве.and therefore, the system of linear algebraic equations (4) with the corresponding replacement (x _f , y _f , z _f ) by (x _c , y _c , z _c ) and

on

Solution (23) determines the position of the axis of the emitter relative to the aperture, and therefore the cutting angle of the end of the emitter for a specific position in space.

The block diagram of the algorithm for the placement and orientation of the receiving / transmitting emitter in the form of coaxially arranged cylindrical dielectrics in the focal region of the used collimating surfaces is shown in FIG. 2.

Consider the implementation of the proposed method on a computer using the example of choosing the optimal position and orientation of a single-mode radiator with a diameter d _ν = 3.7 μm in the coordinate system of an axisymmetric LPC in the form of a cut from a rotation paraboloid with a reflector diameter d _a = 0.2 mm and focal length f _a = 0.4 mm, wavelength λ = 1300 nm, and the plane wave arrival direction is determined by the coordinates θ _m = 5 ° and ξ _m = 0 °. In the case of software implementation by the method of placement and orientation described in patent RU No. 2181519, H01Q 19/18, H01Q 19/185, the result of calculating the distribution of the radiation flux reflected from the reflector on the surface of the emitter is shown in Fig.3.

The spectral distribution density of the rays reflected from the reflector is shown in Fig.4.

In the case of software implementation of the inventive method with the same initial data, the result of calculating the distribution of the radiation flux reflected from the reflector on the surface of the emitter is presented in Fig.5.

The spectral distribution density of the rays reflected from the reflector is shown in Fig.6.

Thus, the proposed method for the optimal placement and orientation of the receiving / transmitting emitter in the form of coaxially arranged cylindrical dielectrics in the focal region of the used collimating surfaces can be considered as a new way of choosing the optimal emitter locations and their spatial orientation. In addition, the use as a CLP of cutting from any other surface does not impose restrictions on the proposed method, i.e. The claimed solution is a common one of any LPCs forming a multi-beam radiation pattern or designed to provide scanning by alternating switching of beams both in the microwave-high-frequency and in the optical ranges.

Claims (1)

The method of optimal placement and orientation of the receiving / transmitting emitter in the form of coaxially arranged cylindrical dielectrics in the focal region of the used collimating surfaces, which consists in placing and orienting the emitters forming the spherical phase front of the emitted wave in the general coordinate system of the collimating surface for an arbitrary direction of arrival of a plane wave, characterized in that the orientation angles of the emitter located at a point corresponding to the maximum concentration and geo-optical rays reflected from the collimating surface in the transmit / receive mode for a given direction of arrival of the plane wave and defined as the center of mass of the points of the inhomogeneous plane emitter aperture, limited by the rays reflected from the collimating surface, in the general coordinate system of the collimating surface is determined by coordinating the size of the region constrictions of the geo-optical field, which is a combination of geo-optical rays reflected from the collimating surface, and the aperture of teacher assigning the single-beam nature of the geo-optical field with the simultaneous approximation of the distribution density of geo-optical rays in the matching region to the Gaussian distribution; minimize the number of "oblique" rays in the emitter when it is excited from the collimating surface, by minimizing the distance from the plane of the main section of the emitter to the plane of refraction of an arbitrary geometrical optical beam.

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