CN110611170B - New method for designing remote sensing scanning antenna - Google Patents

New method for designing remote sensing scanning antenna Download PDF

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CN110611170B
CN110611170B CN201910852438.5A CN201910852438A CN110611170B CN 110611170 B CN110611170 B CN 110611170B CN 201910852438 A CN201910852438 A CN 201910852438A CN 110611170 B CN110611170 B CN 110611170B
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reflecting surface
coordinate
scanning antenna
feed
feed source
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CN110611170A (en
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刘小明
俞硕
甘露
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Suzhou Fubo Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Anhui Normal University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0283—Apparatus or processes specially provided for manufacturing horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
    • H01Q13/0283—Apparatus or processes specially provided for manufacturing horns
    • H01Q13/0291—Apparatus or processes specially provided for manufacturing horns for corrugated horns
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/141—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing reflecting surfaces
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
    • H01Q19/132—Horn reflector antennas; Off-set feeding

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a novel method for designing a remote sensing scanning antenna based on a quasi-optical technology. The scanning antenna is an important detecting device in millimeter wave and terahertz wave band remote sensing systems. The scanning antenna mainly comprises an improved main reflecting surface and a feed source array. At present, the design methods of the reflective scanning antenna mainly include a physical optical method and a geometric optical method. The disadvantage of physical optics is that the computational efficiency is too low; the geometrical optics method has the disadvantage of low calculation accuracy. The design method based on the quasi-optical technology can meet the requirements of efficiency and precision, and greatly improves the design efficiency of the system. The method requires that the reflecting surface is a quadric surface and the feed source is a Gaussian feed source, and is mainly applied to but not limited to millimeter wave and terahertz frequency band radiometer systems.

Description

New method for designing remote sensing scanning antenna
Technical Field
The invention relates to an antenna system design technology for the fields of remote sensing and detection imaging by using millimeter wave and terahertz wave bands, in particular to a novel method for designing a remote sensing scanning antenna based on a quasi-optical technology.
Background
At present, millimeter wave and terahertz systems are widely applied to the fields of atmospheric remote sensing, imaging detection, maritime satellites and radio astronomy. In various fields, a detection scanning system of millimeter waves and terahertz is required to scan and image a target region in a short time to obtain electromagnetic characteristics and other target characteristics of the target region. The speed of the scanning speed and the imaging quality are mainly determined by the scanning antenna system. The design of the scanning antenna is therefore critical.
In millimeter wave and terahertz wave bands, common scanning mechanisms include cone scanning, left-right pendulum scanning, synthetic aperture radar and broom scanning. The conical scanning and the left-right pendulum scanning both need the integral rotation of the antenna system, and the rotational inertia can be increased, so that the mechanical difficulty is increased; the synthetic aperture radar has complex algorithm and is easy to form a virtual image; broom scanning is imaging through a one-dimensional array, forming a two-dimensional image while the satellite is moving.
However, the one-dimensional array of the broom antenna has a plurality of feed sources, and the feed sources are difficult to be placed at the focus, so that the reflecting surface is required to form a local focus for each feed source, and the far field error of a beam formed by each feed source is ensured to be within an index range. In addition, too many feed source arrays easily cause too long design process and calculation time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the main object of the present invention is to provide a new method for designing a scanning antenna, which reduces the design difficulty and the computation time. The method has the advantages that the design result can be directly calculated through a formula, the design flow and the calculation process are greatly simplified, and the design and calculation method is greatly different from the traditional physical optics and geometric optics method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention discloses a novel method for designing a scanning antenna based on quasi-optical technology, which is characterized in that a scanning antenna system consists of two devices, one is a main reflecting surface and one is a feed source array system. The algorithm mainly comprises the following steps.
A. According to the system requirements, the working frequency, the imaging resolution and the imaging distance (the distance between the satellite and the ground) are determined.
B. And calculating the width of the emergent beam according to the imaging resolution and the imaging distance.
C. According to system requirements, the size of the approximate focal length of the reflector antenna and the offset angle of the system are determined. And calculating the equivalent focal length of the reflecting surface according to the quasi-optical theory.
D. And calculating the width of the incident beam according to the width of the emergent beam.
E. And designing a feed source based on the Gaussian beam theory according to the incident beam width.
F. The size of the reflecting surface is determined according to the number of the feed sources, and the effectiveness (physical size and electromagnetic performance effectiveness) of the design is verified by using a quasi-optical formula (Gaussian beam transformation formula).
G. If the precision needs to be further improved, the iterative processing can be carried out by returning to the step C.
H. And determining the shape surface of the reflecting surface according to the final result.
The reflecting surface is a special quadric surface obtained by rotating a part of a parabola, an ellipse, a circle or a hyperbola around a rotating shaft for one circle.
The horn antenna can be a corrugated horn antenna, can also be a smooth inner wall circular caliber antenna, can also be in other horn feed source forms, but needs to be in a feed source form capable of generating Gaussian beams.
The iterative method may be any custom error function.
It can be seen from the above technical solutions that the main technical means of the present invention is to design a scanning antenna by using a quasi-optical method (especially based on a gaussian beam method). The traditional scanning antenna is designed by adopting a physical optics method or a geometric optics method, and the main defects are that the physical optics method is low in calculation efficiency and the geometric optics method is low in calculation accuracy. In the invention, the quasi-optical design technology is introduced into the scanning antenna measurement, and the incident and emergent and input-output conversion of the scanning antenna are described by using the Gaussian beams, so that the effect of directly obtaining system parameters from index parameters is achieved, and the design efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart for designing a scanning antenna using gaussian beams.
Fig. 2 shows a scanning antenna using gaussian beam design.
Fig. 3 is a relationship diagram of outgoing beam parameters of a scanning antenna.
Fig. 4 a schematic view of a scanning antenna.
Figure 5 is a graph of the results of scanning the antenna exit beam.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, wherein a specific flow chart is shown in fig. 1.
The system consists of two parts, as shown in fig. 2, a feed array antenna and a main reflecting surface. Wherein, each unit of the feed source array antenna should adopt the same horn antenna in the best scheme; the main reflecting surface should be a curved surface (in this example, a parabola is taken as an example) that conforms to a quadratic equation. The purpose of this design is to achieve symmetry in performance while reducing the complexity of the tooling.
The method comprises the following steps:determining operating frequencyfResolution of imagingd gDistance of imagingh. In addition, the angle between the outgoing beam of the antenna system and the plumb line needs to be determinedα. The specific parameter diagram is shown in fig. 3. Taking meteorological satellite as an example, the height of polar orbith836km, the angle between the outgoing beam of the antenna system and the plumb lineαIs 43 degrees. One of the operating frequencies is 150 GHz. The imaging resolution is required to be 15km-50 km.
Step two: calculating the outgoing beam width according toβ
Figure 410230DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(1)
Wherein,d gin order to achieve the resolution of the image,his the imaging distance.
Step three: determining approximate focal length of reflector antenna based on system requirementsFSize of (2), offset angle of the systemθ fAnd use of
Figure 882800DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Calculating the equivalent focal length of the reflecting surfaceρ. The specific parameter diagram is shown in fig. 4.
Step four: and calculating the width of the incident beam according to the width of the emergent beam. The width of the emergent beam isβThe beam waist radius of the input beamw 0inCan be expressed asw 0in=ρθ 0out=ρβAnd width of incident beam
Figure 730670DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
. Specific parameters are schematically shown in fig. 2-4.
Step five: and designing a feed source based on the Gaussian beam theory according to the incident beam width. According to the Gaussian beam theoryw 0= ka, for a corrugated horn,k=0.644, andarepresenting the radius of the inner wall of the feed.
Step six: determining the size of the reflecting surface according to the number of the feed sources, and verifying by using a quasi-optical formula (Gaussian beam transformation formula)Design efficiency (physical size efficiency and electromagnetic performance efficiency). Assuming the number of feed sources isNThe thickness of the feed source wall istThen the diameter of the feed placement dimension D1=2 ×(s) is requiredN×a+t) And the other dimension is D2. In general, D2 is required>D1 additionally, according to the Gaussian beam propagation formula, the beam radius at the main reflecting surface is
Figure 718218DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
(2)
Must satisfyD 2>2.5w ρThe requirement of-10 dB to-14 dB coning degree of the Gaussian beam boundary feed source can be met.
Step seven: if the design does not meet the requirement, the parameters can be adjusted in the third step until the conditions in the sixth step meet the requirement.
Step eight: and determining the shape surface of the reflecting surface according to the final result. As shown in fig. 4, in a coordinate system
Figure 942526DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Expressed in polar coordinate form, can be obtained
Figure 269602DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
(ii) a Is expressed in the form of rectangular coordinates and can be obtained,
Figure 553953DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
. Thus, the relationship of the two coordinate systems
Figure 966480DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
（3）
Wherein,θ sis the opening angle of the reflecting surface. In thatxozCoordinate system and coordinate system
Figure 728899DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Coordinate relationship of
Figure 972799DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
（4）
Thus, any point on the parabola is
Figure 428051DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
（5）
Rotating the parabola about the axis has
Figure 327874DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
（6）
The expression defines each point of the entire reflecting surface.
To further illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, we illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm and system by an example. The parameters of this example are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 example parameter Table
Figure 893984DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
The above example design process was implemented using computer within 1 minute, much less than the time of physical optics. In addition, a three-dimensional view of the outgoing beam is shown in fig. 5. It can be seen from the results that the normalized gain at the very edge (relative to the center beam) is-0.264 dB, satisfying the requirement that the beam gain variation is typically less than 0.5 dB.
This example demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of the present algorithm.

Claims (3)

1. A design method for a scanning antenna, wherein the scanning antenna system comprises a reflecting surface with a ring focal line and a feed horn of a feed array positioned on the ring focal line, the design method comprises the following steps:
(1) determining the operating frequency according to system requirements
Figure 767324DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Resolution of imaging
Figure 34358DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Distance of imaging
Figure 170941DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Angle between outgoing beam and plumb line
Figure 839820DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
By using
Figure 833183DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Calculating wavelength
Figure 587513DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
；
(2) Utilizing formulas based on imaging resolution and imaging distance
Figure 12940DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
Calculating the outgoing beam width
Figure 536325DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
；
(3) Determining approximate focal length of reflector antenna based on system requirements
Figure 966170DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
Size of (2), offset angle of the system
Figure 207795DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
And use of
Figure 482919DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Calculating the equivalent focal length of the reflecting surface
Figure 64073DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
Determining the focal length of the reflector antennaDistance between
Figure 399239DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
The initial size of the (c),
Figure 128161DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
has a value range of 20
Figure 206975DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
To 60
Figure 704953DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
；
(4) The feed source horns of the feed source array generate Gaussian beams; according to the width of the emergent beam
Figure 476600DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Calculating incident beam width
Figure 614189DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
(ii) a Calculating the incident beam width: according to the Gaussian beam theory
Figure 496694DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
Figure 849178DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
For corrugated horn
Figure 791726DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
a represents the exit port radius of the feed horn; beam waist radius of input beam
Figure 229661DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
Is shown as
Figure 587961DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
By the formula
Figure 60531DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
Calculating the width of the incident beam;
(5) according to the number of feed source hornsNDetermining the size of the reflecting surface
Figure 173980DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
The calculation criterion is
Figure 99211DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
，tThe thickness of the feed source horn is more than 0.1 mm; one diameter of feed array
Figure 323519DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
The other diameter is
Figure 73431DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
Require
Figure 357782DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
(ii) a In addition, according to the gaussian beam propagation formula, the beam radius at the main reflecting surface is:
Figure 770309DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
must satisfy
Figure 798308DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
The requirement of imaging resolution can be met;
(6) if the design does not meet the requirement of the imaging resolution, then returning to the third step for iteration processing, and obtaining an equivalent focal length after the iteration processing is finished so as to meet the requirement of the imaging resolution;
(7) solving the shape surface of the reflecting surface according to the imaging resolution; according to the equivalent focal length obtained in the step (6), the coordinate of the quadratic curve expressed under the rectangular coordinate is as follows:
Figure 979890DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
wherein,
Figure 169563DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
is the opening angle of the reflecting surface
Figure 7069DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
Coordinate system and coordinate system
Figure 573180DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
The coordinate relationship is as follows:
Figure 874848DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
therefore, any point on the quadratic curve is:
Figure 235422DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
rotating the quadratic curve along the axis to obtain a reflecting surface:
Figure 622541DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
wherein,x, y, zis the coordinate value of the reflecting surface under the coordinate system of the rotating shaft,
Figure 179293DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
and
Figure 69889DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
is a coordinate value of the quadratic curve,
Figure 866944DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
and
Figure 475780DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
is the coordinate value of the origin of the quadratic curve in the rotating coordinate system,
Figure 649272DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
is the azimuth angle of the coordinate relative to the rotation axis, tozThe shaft is a rotating shaft.
2. The design method of claim 1, wherein the quadratic curve is a portion of a parabola, ellipse, circle, or hyperbola, or other curve having a focus.
3. The design method of claim 2, the reflecting surface being formed by rotation of a portion of a conic having a length greater than eight times the feed horn face.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201364960Y (en) * 2009-02-27 2009-12-16 东南大学 Submillimeter-wave quasi-optical feeding conical-scanning tracking antenna

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201364960Y (en) * 2009-02-27 2009-12-16 东南大学 Submillimeter-wave quasi-optical feeding conical-scanning tracking antenna

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