CN113917546B - Satellite-borne scanning type push-broom radiometer system based on feed source synthesis array - Google Patents
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Abstract
A satellite-borne scanning push-broom radiometer system based on a feed source synthesis array belongs to the technical field of space microwave remote sensing. According to the invention, multi-beam push scanning is realized through the annular focal reflecting surface, higher resolution is realized, the observation breadth is ensured, and the high-resolution observation requirement is met; according to the invention, digital beam synthesis is realized through the feed source synthesis array, so that an optimal antenna pattern required by a system can be obtained, a closer offshore detection distance is realized, and the requirements of offshore application are met; the invention reduces the system scale by the way of reciprocating scanning of the feed source synthesis array on the coke ring, and has the characteristics of low power consumption, low weight, low cost and low complexity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a satellite-borne scanning push-broom radiometer system based on a feed source synthesis array, and belongs to the technical field of space microwave remote sensing.
Background
In recent years, with the continuous improvement of application requirements, the requirements on indexes such as resolution, sensitivity and the like of a satellite-borne microwave radiometer system are higher and higher, and the existing satellite-borne microwave radiometer system is difficult to meet the requirements of future application development, so that a new microwave radiometer system needs to be developed to meet the application requirement development, and meanwhile, the on-orbit application can be realized with proper engineering complexity. The traditional satellite-borne microwave radiometer generally adopts a conical scanning mode, namely scanning is carried out through a reflecting surface and a feed source, so that coverage of a wide field of view is realized. The current advanced AMSR-2 series microwave radiometer adopts a conical scanning radiometer, can realize a breadth larger than 1500km in a C wave band, has a sensitivity superior to 0.3K, has an offshore detection distance of about 100km, and can not meet the application requirements of 15km resolution, 0.1K sensitivity and 10km offshore detection distance. In order to achieve higher resolution, higher sensitivity and closer offshore detection distance, high-resolution microwave radiometers are important in future satellite-borne microwave radiometer technical development, and current researches mainly comprise large-caliber cone scanning microwave radiometers, synthetic aperture microwave radiometers and push-broom microwave radiometers.
Higher resolution can be realized by increasing the antenna aperture of the conical scanning radiometer, but the difficulty of scanning the large-aperture reflecting surface is greatly increased along with the increase of the antenna aperture, and according to the study of NASA, the scanning of the 7m reflecting surface antenna is the bottleneck of the technology and has huge realization cost. Meanwhile, after the reflecting surface of the antenna is increased, the integration time is greatly reduced, so that the sensitivity of the system is reduced, and the spatial resolution cannot be infinitely increased by infinitely increasing the caliber of the reflecting surface.
The comprehensive aperture radiation is equivalent to a large-caliber antenna by sparsely arranging a large number of small-caliber antennas, so that the contradiction between the caliber of the large-caliber antenna and high resolution is relieved, a wide view field can be obtained by one-time imaging, mechanical scanning is not needed, and the wide view field is easy to expand. However, with increasing resolution and increasing sensitivity, the number of channels and the number of complex correlations will increase geometrically, for example, in the C-band to achieve 15km and 0.1K index, the number of unit antennas will be up to thousands, the number of complex correlations will be on the order of millions, and the span will be enormous compared to the current hundred-unit, tens of thousands of complex correlations capability. Meanwhile, due to Gibbs oscillation, the offshore detection distance of the comprehensive aperture radiometer is poor and is generally more than 200km, and the requirement of 10km required by application is difficult to meet.
The push-broom radiometer is distributed through a plurality of feed sources, and multiple beams are formed by using the reflecting surface antennas, so that wide-range observation on the ground is realized. The high-resolution reflection plane antenna has the characteristics of no need of mechanical scanning, long integration time, high sensitivity, easy expansion and higher resolution through the large-caliber reflection plane antenna. Push-broom radiometers are therefore one of the important directions of future high resolution, high precision radiometer development.
The existing satellite-borne push-broom radiometer system has the following two types:
1) Satellite-borne push-broom microwave radiometer based on combination of parabolic reflecting surface and single feed source irradiation
The method of combining the parabolic reflecting surface with the single feed source irradiation is adopted, and the focus of the parabolic reflecting surface is only one, so that the performance is reduced due to the out-of-focus arrangement of the feed sources, therefore, the number of the feed sources of the system is generally small, the formed resolution and the width index are poor, for example, the load of a Aquarius satellite carried radiometer emitted in 2011 is the system, the resolution is only 150km, and the width is only 450km.
2) Multi-beam push-broom radiometer based on dense feed source array
The ring focal reflector antenna is combined with the dense feed source array, so that a wide view field can be covered at the same time, but the system is too complex due to the fact that the number of units in the dense feed source array is up to thousands. For example, europe proposes a radiometer system with a resolution of 15km, which requires about 1500 feeds and 3000 channels, and the complexity of the system is very high, so that the implementation difficulty of engineering is very high in the present stage, and the on-orbit application is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the technical problems that: overcoming the defects of the prior art, the satellite-borne scanning push-broom radiometer system based on the feed source synthesis array is provided, and the limitation of the prior method is overcome: 1) The disadvantages of conventional cone scanning radiometers are: the method is influenced by the difficult problem of scanning of the antenna with the large reflecting surface, the spatial resolution of the system is difficult to improve, the sensitivity is poor, and the detection precision is general; 2) Disadvantages of synthetic aperture radiometers are: on one hand, gibbs oscillation exists in a near-shore area of the system, high-precision detection is difficult to realize, on the other hand, the number of channels of the system is large, complex correlation operation is realized, and the engineering implementation difficulty is high; 3) Push broom radiometer based on ring focus reflecting surface combines dense feed source array shortcoming lies in: the number of units in a dense feed array is up to thousands, resulting in a system that is overly complex, and thus the radiometer system is currently difficult to engineer. The system has the characteristics of high resolution, high sensitivity and wide range, the main beam has high efficiency, can realize offshore observation, has few array elements and moderate scale, is easy to realize engineering, and is a practical high-resolution, high-precision and wide-range spaceborne microwave radiometer system.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a satellite-borne scanning push-broom radiometer system based on a feed source synthesis array comprises a ring focal reflecting surface antenna, a sparse feed source synthesis array, a sliding rail and a data acquisition processor;
The annular focus reflecting surface antenna is formed by rotating a parabola around an external rotating shaft and is used for generating a focus ring with the same rotating angle and receiving microwave radiation signals from a target scene;
the sparse feed source synthesis array is arranged on the focal ring, realizes optimal irradiation with the reflecting surface through the multichannel array antenna, receives radio frequency signals output by the annular focal reflecting surface antenna, and outputs multipath intermediate frequency signals;
The sliding rail is used for realizing reciprocating motion of the sparse feed source synthesis array on the coke ring;
the servo controller is used for controlling the moving speed of the sparse feed source synthetic array and outputting the position and speed information in the moving process in real time;
the data acquisition processor is used for realizing data acquisition of multipath intermediate frequency signals output by the sparse feed source synthesis array, completing digital synthesis of required antenna beams through the processing module, forming an antenna pattern meeting the system requirement, then completing digital detection and integration, and packaging and outputting final data to the satellite platform.
Further, the sparse feed source synthesis array comprises an antenna array, multiple paths of receiving channels and a feed source array scanning mechanism;
the antenna array is used for realizing that each antenna feed source in the antenna array receives radio frequency signals from the annular focal reflecting surface antenna and outputs the radio frequency signals to the multipath receiving channels;
The multi-path receiving channel is used for performing superheterodyne receiving on radio frequency signals output by each path of antenna feed source in the antenna array and outputting intermediate frequency signals;
The feed source array scanning mechanism is used for enabling the sparse feed source composite array to conduct uniform reciprocating motion on the focal ring, covering of different irradiation areas of the reflecting surface by the multichannel array antenna is achieved, and wide scanning is achieved.
Further, the antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna feeds, and the plurality of antenna feeds are arranged in M rows and N columns at equal intervals in the cross track direction and the along track direction.
Further, the distance between each antenna feed source is 0.75λ, where λ is the wavelength of the received target scene signal.
Further, according to the requirements of the antenna pattern of the system, the number M and N of the required array elements and the optimal weight coefficient when the array elements perform beam synthesis are determined through beam optimization.
Further, the multi-path receiving channel comprises a multi-path superheterodyne receiving channel and a local oscillator; each superheterodyne receiving channel comprises a low noise amplifier, a radio frequency filter, a mixer, an intermediate frequency filter and an intermediate frequency amplifier; the local oscillator is used for outputting the multi-path local oscillator signals to each path of superheterodyne receiving channel.
Further, the annular focus reflecting surface is a paraboloid of revolution, and the paraboloid is obtained by parabolic revolution; the equation for obtaining the paraboloid of revolution is:
Wherein x, y and z are coordinates under the original parabolic coordinate system, the vertex of the parabola is O, x 'y' z 'is coordinates under the rotating coordinate system of the parabola, O' is the center point of the rotating coordinate system of the parabola, p is the distance between OO ', and the included angle between the rotating shaft z' and the z axis is alpha.
Further, the data acquisition processor comprises a multipath AD module and an FPGA module.
Further, the multipath AD module is used for completing digital acquisition of intermediate frequency signals output by the multipath receiving channels, converting the intermediate frequency signals into digital signals, and then sending the multipath digital signals into the FPGA module.
Further, in the FPGA module, each path of signal is weighted through an optimal weight coefficient acquired by a neural network method, and then the weighted signal is subjected to autocorrelation operation and integration, and a processing result is output.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) According to the invention, multi-beam push scanning is realized through the annular focal reflecting surface, higher resolution is realized, the observation breadth is ensured, and the high-resolution observation requirement is met;
(2) According to the invention, digital beam synthesis is realized through the feed source synthesis array, so that an optimal antenna pattern required by a system can be obtained, a closer offshore detection distance is realized, and the requirements of offshore application are met;
(3) The invention reduces the system scale by the way of reciprocating scanning of the feed source synthesis array on the coke ring, and has the characteristics of low power consumption, low weight, low cost and low complexity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a satellite-borne scanning push-broom radiometer system based on a feed source synthetic array of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a composite array of sparse feeds of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a paraboloid of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the magnitude-phase weighting coefficient calculation of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a multichannel receiver according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a data acquisition processor according to the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the digital signal processing according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the following detailed description of the technical solutions of the present application is made by using the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and it should be understood that the specific features of the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application are detailed descriptions of the technical solutions of the present application, and not limiting the technical solutions of the present application, and the technical features of the embodiments and the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.
The following describes the satellite-borne scanning push-broom radiometer system based on the feed source synthetic array in detail according to the embodiment of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings of the specification, and the specific implementation manner may include (as shown in fig. 1 to 7):
in the scheme provided by the embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 1, the satellite-borne scanning push-broom radiometer system based on the feed source synthesis array consists of a ring focal reflecting surface antenna, a sparse feed source synthesis array, a sliding rail and a data acquisition processor:
1) As an important component of the system, the annular focal reflector antenna has an important influence on the detection performance of the system, and the ground resolution of the system is directly determined by the maximum caliber of the array. The annular focus reflecting surface is formed by rotating a parabola around an external rotating shaft, and correspondingly can generate a focus ring with the same rotating angle and receive microwave radiation signals from a target scene.
The annular focus reflecting surface is a paraboloid of revolution, and the paraboloid can be obtained by parabolic revolution; the design principle is shown in figure 3, wherein the vertex of the reflecting surface is O, the projection size of the reflecting surface is D, the focal point is F, the irradiation angle is theta f, the C point irradiated to the reflecting surface is the projection center of the reflecting surface. The rotational coordinate system of the parabola is an x 'y' z 'coordinate system, O' is a coordinate system center point, wherein OO 'is a distance p, and an included angle between a rotation axis z' and a z axis is alpha=θ f. The reflective surface is obtained by rotating z' around the rotation axis by a parabola. The feed is located at F. Under the x ' y ' z ' coordinate system, a parabolic equation is obtained as follows:
Wherein:
wherein x, y and z are coordinates under an original parabolic coordinate system, the vertex of the parabola is O, and x 'y'
Z 'is the lower coordinate of the parabolic rotation coordinate system, O is the center point of the parabolic rotation coordinate system, p is the distance between OO', and the included angle between the rotation axis z and the z axis is alpha.
2) As shown in fig. 2, the sparse feed source synthesis array is arranged on the focal ring, optimal irradiation with the reflecting surface is realized through the multichannel array antenna, the radio frequency signals output by the annular focal reflecting surface antenna are received, and multipath intermediate frequency signals are output; the sparse feed source composite array comprises an antenna array, multiple paths of receiving channels and a feed source array scanning mechanism. The sparse feed source synthesis array adopts a multi-feed source beam synthesis mode, and the single-path feed source consists of an antenna feed source and a receiving channel. Compared with a single feed source irradiation mode, the method can realize optimal irradiation with the reflecting surface, further can form an antenna pattern meeting the system application, and ensures the system resolution and the main beam efficiency; the scanning mechanism can realize uniform reciprocating motion of the sparse feed source synthesis array on the focal ring to cover each focal point, and further can realize wide coverage of the ground in a time sharing manner.
The sparse feed source synthesis array comprises an antenna array, multiple paths of receiving channels and a feed source array scanning mechanism;
the antenna array is used for realizing that each antenna feed source in the antenna array receives radio frequency signals from the annular focal reflecting surface antenna and outputs the radio frequency signals to the multipath receiving channels;
The multi-path receiving channel is used for performing superheterodyne receiving on radio frequency signals output by each path of antenna feed source in the antenna array and outputting intermediate frequency signals;
The feed source array scanning mechanism is used for enabling the sparse feed source composite array to conduct uniform reciprocating motion on the focal ring, covering of different irradiation areas of the reflecting surface by the multichannel array antenna is achieved, and wide scanning is achieved.
The antenna array is composed of a plurality of antenna feeds, and the antenna feeds are arranged in M rows and N columns (the cross track direction and the down track direction) at equal intervals, wherein the interval of each antenna feed is 0.75lambda, and lambda is the wavelength of a received target scene signal. According to the requirement of the antenna pattern of the system, the number M and N of the required array elements and the optimal weight coefficient are determined through beam optimization, and the beam optimization flow is shown in figure 4.
The multi-channel receiving channel is composed of multi-channel superheterodyne receiving channels and local oscillators, as shown in fig. 5. The single-path superheterodyne receiving channel comprises a low noise amplifier, a radio frequency filter, a mixer, an intermediate frequency filter and an intermediate frequency amplifier. The local oscillator can output multiple paths of local oscillator signals to each path of superheterodyne receiving channel.
3) The sliding rail can realize the reciprocating motion of the sparse feed source synthesis array on the coke ring;
4) The servo controller can control the moving speed of the sparse feed source synthetic array and output the position and speed information in the moving process in real time;
5) The data acquisition processor can realize the data acquisition of multipath intermediate frequency signals output by the sparse feed source synthesis array, and the processing module is used for completing the digital synthesis of required antenna beams to form an antenna pattern meeting the system requirement, then completing the digital detection and integration, and packaging and outputting the final data to a satellite.
The data acquisition processor consists of a plurality of paths of AD and FPGA, as shown in figure 6. The multipath AD can complete digital acquisition of intermediate frequency signals output by the multipath receiving channels, convert the intermediate frequency signals into digital signals, and then send the multipath digital signals into the FPGA. In the FPGA, each signal is weighted by the optimal weight coefficient calculated in claim 4, and then the weighted signals are subjected to autocorrelation (power detection) and integration, and the processing result is output, and the signal processing flow is shown in fig. 7.
The satellite-borne scanning push-broom radiometer system based on the feed source synthesis array has the following characteristics:
1) By adopting a push-broom system, high resolution and high sensitivity can be obtained;
2) An array scan is synthesized by combining a ring focal reflecting surface antenna with a sparse feed source, so that a wide view field is realized;
3) The digital array beam synthesis technology is adopted, so that high main beam efficiency can be realized, and the offshore detection distance can be improved;
3) The method has the advantages that the mode of combining the sparse feed source synthesis array with the feed source array scanning is adopted, the feed source quantity of the system is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the scanning engineering difficulty of the feed source array is low, and the system engineering implementation is easy.
The present application provides a computer readable storage medium storing computer instructions that, when run on a computer, cause the computer to perform the method described in fig. 1.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present application may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present application may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present application may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, magnetic disk storage, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the application. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the application. Thus, it is intended that the present application also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
What is not described in detail in the present specification is a well known technology to those skilled in the art.
Claims (10)
1. A satellite-borne scanning push broom radiometer system based on a feed source synthesis array is characterized in that: the system comprises a ring focal reflecting surface antenna, a sparse feed source synthesis array, a sliding rail, a data acquisition processor and a servo controller;
The annular focus reflecting surface antenna is formed by rotating a parabola around an external rotating shaft and is used for generating a focus ring with the same rotating angle and receiving microwave radiation signals from a target scene;
the sparse feed source synthesis array is arranged on the focal ring, realizes optimal irradiation with the reflecting surface through the multichannel array antenna, receives radio frequency signals output by the annular focal reflecting surface antenna, and outputs multipath intermediate frequency signals;
The sliding rail is used for realizing reciprocating motion of the sparse feed source synthesis array on the coke ring;
the servo controller is used for controlling the moving speed of the sparse feed source synthetic array and outputting the position and speed information in the moving process in real time;
the data acquisition processor is used for realizing data acquisition of multipath intermediate frequency signals output by the sparse feed source synthesis array, completing digital synthesis of required antenna beams through the processing module, forming an antenna pattern meeting the system requirement, then completing digital detection and integration, and packaging and outputting final data to the satellite platform.
2. The satellite-borne scanning type push broom radiometer system based on the feed source synthesis array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system is characterized in that: the sparse feed source synthesis array comprises an antenna array, multiple paths of receiving channels and a feed source array scanning mechanism;
the antenna array is used for realizing that each antenna feed source in the antenna array receives radio frequency signals from the annular focal reflecting surface antenna and outputs the radio frequency signals to the multipath receiving channels;
The multi-path receiving channel is used for performing superheterodyne receiving on radio frequency signals output by each path of antenna feed source in the antenna array and outputting intermediate frequency signals;
The feed source array scanning mechanism is used for enabling the sparse feed source composite array to conduct uniform reciprocating motion on the focal ring, covering of different irradiation areas of the reflecting surface by the multichannel array antenna is achieved, and wide scanning is achieved.
3. The satellite-borne scanning type push broom radiometer system based on the feed source synthesis array according to claim 2, wherein the system is characterized in that: the antenna array comprises a plurality of antenna feeds, and the plurality of antenna feeds are arranged in M rows and N columns at equal intervals in the cross track direction and the along track direction.
4. A satellite borne scanning push broom radiometer system based on a feed source synthetic array according to claim 3, wherein: each antenna feed source interval is 0.75λ, λ being the wavelength of the received target scene signal.
5. A satellite borne scanning push broom radiometer system based on a feed source synthetic array according to claim 3, wherein: according to the requirements of the antenna pattern of the system, the number M and N of the required array elements and the optimal weight coefficient when the array elements perform beam synthesis are determined through beam optimization.
6. The satellite-borne scanning type push broom radiometer system based on the feed source synthesis array according to claim 2, wherein the system is characterized in that: the multi-path receiving channel comprises a multi-path superheterodyne receiving channel and a local oscillator; each superheterodyne receiving channel comprises a low noise amplifier, a radio frequency filter, a mixer, an intermediate frequency filter and an intermediate frequency amplifier; the local oscillator is used for outputting the multi-path local oscillator signals to each path of superheterodyne receiving channel.
7. The satellite-borne scanning type push broom radiometer system based on the feed source synthesis array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system is characterized in that: the annular focus reflecting surface is a paraboloid of revolution, and the paraboloid is obtained by parabolic revolution; the equation for obtaining the paraboloid of revolution is:
wherein x, y and z are coordinates under the original parabolic coordinate system, the vertex of the parabola is O, x ', y' and z 'are coordinates under the rotating coordinate system of the parabola, O' is the center point of the rotating coordinate system of the parabola, p is the distance between OO ', and the included angle between the rotating shaft z' and the z axis is alpha.
8. The satellite-borne scanning type push broom radiometer system based on the feed source synthesis array as claimed in claim 1, wherein the system is characterized in that: the data acquisition processor comprises a plurality of AD modules and an FPGA module.
9. The satellite-borne scanning type push broom radiometer system based on the feed source synthesis array according to claim 8, wherein the system is characterized in that: the multipath AD module is used for completing digital acquisition of intermediate frequency signals output by the multipath receiving channels, converting the intermediate frequency signals into digital signals, and then sending the multipath digital signals into the FPGA module.
10. The satellite-borne scanning type push broom radiometer system based on the feed source synthesis array according to claim 8, wherein the system is characterized in that: in the FPGA module, each path of signal is weighted through an optimal weight coefficient acquired by a neural network method, and then the weighted signal is subjected to autocorrelation operation and integration, and a processing result is output.
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