CN108165836B - A kind of preparation method and device of SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites - Google Patents

A kind of preparation method and device of SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites Download PDF

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CN108165836B
CN108165836B CN201810020980.XA CN201810020980A CN108165836B CN 108165836 B CN108165836 B CN 108165836B CN 201810020980 A CN201810020980 A CN 201810020980A CN 108165836 B CN108165836 B CN 108165836B
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powder
vapor deposition
nitrogen
seepage
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CN108165836A (en
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左孝青
张磊
王应武
周芸
罗晓旭
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1005—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
    • C22C1/101—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives by coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
    • C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
    • C22C1/1073—Infiltration or casting under mechanical pressure, e.g. squeeze casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/0021—Reactive sputtering or evaporation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0641—Nitrides

Abstract

The present invention discloses the preparation method and device of a kind of SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites, belongs to field of metal matrix composite.It for reinforcement, Mg powder is penetration-assisting agent that the method for the invention, which uses SiC powder, by SiC powder and Mg dried bean noodles it is dry after be sufficiently mixed uniformly, vibration, mixed powder heat in nitrogen atmosphere allows Mg powder to react generation Mg with nitrogen3N2SiC particulate surface is deposited；Aluminum alloy melting, heat preservation, seepage flow obtains high-volume fractional SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites into the SiC particulate gap in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus of nitrogen protection under hydraulic action after air-cooled.The volume fraction of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material produced by the present invention, SiC is 50-60%, and SiC particulate is good with aluminium alloy melt wetability, avoids the bad interfacial reaction of SiC and aluminium, and preparation process is simple, at low cost, it can be achieved that industrialized production.

Description

A kind of preparation method and device of SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation methods and device of a kind of SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites, belong to metal-based compound Material Field.
Background technique
High-volume fractional SiC/Al composite material has that high specific strength, high ratio modulus, thermal expansion coefficient be low, dimensional stability It high, the features such as designability is strong, is had a wide range of applications in fields such as automobile manufacture, aerospace, Electronic Packaging and military projects.
The preparation method that molten liquid forming prepares SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites at present mainly has vacuum pressure infiltration Method and pressure-free impregnation method.But vacuum pressure infiltration method needs special vacuum equipment, complex process, high production cost；It is soaked without pressure Profit method is the wetability improved between reinforcement particle and matrix melt, is needed SiC particulate is pre- at a temperature of 1100-1300 DEG C Oxidation processes, it is more demanding to Pre oxidation, and the SiO that SiC particulate surface obtains2To the improvement result of wetability there is also Dispute.
The shortcomings that overcome prior art, the present invention provides a kind of high-volume fractional SiC particulates to enhance aluminum-base composite material The preparation method of material, the first step, by nitrogen and Mg powder evaporation reaction to SiC particulate surface；Second step, the hydraulic infiltration of aluminium alloy melt In SiC particulate gap after flowing to vapor deposition, high-volume fractional SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites are obtained after air-cooled.
The invention has the following advantages that the Mg that evaporation reaction generates in a nitrogen atmosphere3N2Reinforcement can be dramatically increased The wetability of grain and matrix melt, the temperature that vapor deposition reaction needs is relatively low (700-800 DEG C), Mg3N2Film can avoid SiC with The bad interfacial reaction of aluminium；Vacuum pressure infiltration method complex process, higher cost are overcome, and conventional without the pressure pre- oxygen of infusion method Change the disadvantage that treatment temperature is excessively high, particle and aluminium alloy melt wetability are poor.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites, using SiC powder, Aluminium alloy is raw material, and Mg powder is penetration-assisting agent, prepares high-volume fractional SiC particulate enhancing aluminium base with vapor deposition, hydraulic seepage flow two-step method Composite material, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) it will be vibrated after SiC powder, the dry mixing of Mg dried bean noodles with shaking platform, be subsequently placed in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus, steaming Be passed through nitrogen (commercially available industrial nitrogen) in plating-seepage apparatus, mixed powder be heated to 700-800 DEG C and keeps the temperature 1-2h, nitrogen with Mg powder is reacted in SiC particulate Surface Creation Mg3N2Evaporation film；
(2) aluminium alloy melt fusing (900-1100 DEG C of fusion temperature) is kept the temperature into 20-30min afterwards, aluminium alloy melt is in liquid Pressure acts on lower seepage flow into the SiC particulate gap in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus of nitrogen protection, Seepage flow time 3.2-6h, seepage flow High-volume fractional SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites are obtained after the composite cementation fluid of SiC and aluminium alloy is air-cooled after the completion, In, SiC volume fraction is 50-60%.
Preferably, drying condition is 200-400 DEG C of dry 2-3h in step (1) of the present invention, and shaking platform vibrates 3- 12min。
Preferably, the granularity of SiC powder is 200-400 mesh in step (1) of the present invention, and the granularity of Mg powder is 300-500 mesh.
Preferably, nitrogen pressure is 0.002-0.008MPa in step (1) of the present invention.
Preferably, the mass fraction of mixed powder shared by Mg powder is 5-8% in step (1) of the present invention.
Preferably, aluminium alloy described in step (2) of the present invention is aluminium silicon binary alloy, and the mass fraction of silicon is 10-13%.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation facilities of the SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites, packet vapor depositions- Seepage apparatus 2, resistance furnace I 3, nitrogen out of the trachea 4, nitrogen inlet duct 5, thermocouple I 6, valve I 7, support rod 8, thermocouple II 9, Scalable communicating pipe 10, heating and thermal insulation cover 11, thermocouple III 12, valve II 13, hydraulic lifting arm 14, hydraulic device 16, thermoelectricity Even IV 17, resistance furnace II 18, vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2 are placed in inside resistance furnace I 3, and the top of vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2 is equipped with nitrogen Escape pipe 4 and nitrogen inlet duct 5, thermocouple I 6 are inserted into the inside of resistance furnace I 3, and resistance furnace I 3 is fixed on support rod 8；Electricity Resistance furnace II 18 is fixed on hydraulic lifting arm 14, and hydraulic device 16 is placed in the inside of resistance furnace II 18, and thermocouple IV 17 is inserted into In resistance furnace II 18, the bottom of hydraulic device 16 is connected to scalable communicating pipe 10, and scalable communicating pipe 10 is by pipeline and steams The bottom of plating-seepage apparatus 2 is connected to, and the outside of scalable communicating pipe 10 is equipped with heating and thermal insulation set 11, and thermocouple III 12 is inserted into Inside scalable communicating pipe 10, the pipeline that scalable communicating pipe 10 is connected to vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2 is equipped with thermocouple II 9.
The exit of vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2 and hydraulic device 16 of the present invention is respectively equipped with valve I 7 and valve II 13.
Inventive principle:
(1) relationship of time of vibration and SiC volume fraction
Mixed powder can effectively reduce the gap between powder by vibration, improve the content of SiC particulate in composite material.Vibration The dynamic time is longer, accumulates closer between particle, and porosity is lower；SiC volume fraction first increases with the increase of time of vibration, after It tends to be steady.The relationship of time of vibration and SiC volume fraction are as follows:
In formula (1),Aluminum matrix composite SiC volume fraction (%,)
T: time of vibration (min, 3≤t≤12min)
(2) evaporation reaction, wetability increase and interfacial reaction control principle
Evaporation reaction principle
After SiC powder and Mg powder are sufficiently mixed uniform, vibration, Mg powder starts to melt at 650 DEG C or so, due to the vapour pressure of Mg Smaller, 700 DEG C or so start to evaporate, and Mg steam reacts as follows in the vapor deposition that neighbouring SiC particulate surface occurs with nitrogen:
3Mg(g)+N2(g)=Mg3N2(s) (2)
Above-mentioned reaction is more abundant at 700-800 DEG C of temperature, reacts after continuing 1-2h, in SiC particulate Surface Creation one Layer Mg3N2Evaporation film, the relationship that temperature and evaporation time is deposited are as follows:
T=-7.966ln (T+1.25)+54.234 (3)
In formula (3): t: evaporation time (h, 1h≤t≤2h)
T: vapor deposition temperature (DEG C, 700 DEG C≤T≤800 DEG C)
Wetability increases principle
When no surface is deposited, aluminium alloy melt and SiC are in 900-1100 DEG C of seepage flow temperature range and nonwetting, wetting Angle is 90-110 °.And the Mg that evaporation reaction generates3N2Angle of wetting with aluminium alloy melt is 40-65 °, and wetability is obviously improved, And in 900-1100 DEG C of seepage flow temperature Mg3N2There is good thermal stability.
Interfacial reaction control principle
In the preparation process of conventional SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites, following interfacial reaction is had:
3SiC (s)+4Al (l)=Al4C3(S)+3Si(l) (4)
The Al of generation4C3It for brittlement phase, easily slowly hydrolyzes and dusting in air, influences composite property, the present invention steams Plate the Mg generated3N2Film avoids the bad interfacial reaction of SiC and aluminium.
(3) aluminium alloy melt height and hydraulic, Seepage flow time relationship
Melt pressure and its height direct proportionality, thus aluminium alloy melt height is higher, hydraulic pressure is bigger, passes through Adjustment aluminium alloy melt height can change the hydraulic size of melt, aluminium alloy melt height and hydraulic relationship are as follows:
P=ρAluminium alloygh (5)
In formula (5), P: hydraulic (MPa, 0.03MPa≤p≤0.06MPa)
ρAluminium alloy: the density (kg/m of aluminium alloy3)
G: acceleration of gravity (N/kg)
H: aluminium alloy solution height (m, 1.16m≤h≤2.32m)
Meanwhile under the action of hydraulic pressure, for aluminium alloy melt seepage flow into SiC particulate gap, hydraulic pressure is bigger, seeps The stream time is shorter, the relationship of Seepage flow time and aluminium alloy melt height are as follows:
T=2.631h2-11.603h+15.958 (6)
In formula (6), t: Seepage flow time (h, 3.2h≤t≤6h)
H: aluminium alloy solution height (m, 1.16m≤h≤2.32m)
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention is directed to the preparation method of current SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites not Foot, provides a kind of system based on high-volume fractional (50-60%) SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites on molten liquid forming Preparation Method, the Mg that evaporation reaction generates in a nitrogen atmosphere3N2The wetability of SiC particulate and aluminium alloy melt can be increased, reacted Heating temperature needed for being deposited is relatively low, avoids the bad interfacial reaction of SiC and aluminium, preparation process is simple, at low cost, can be real Existing industrialized production.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is technology process flow chart of the invention.
Fig. 2 is vapor deposition of the present invention-hydraulic seepage apparatus structural schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites metallograph (100 ╳) that embodiment 1 is prepared.
Fig. 4 is the SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites metallograph (1000 ╳) that embodiment 1 is prepared.
In Fig. 2: 1-SiC particle；2- vapor deposition-seepage apparatus；3- resistance furnace I；4- nitrogen out of the trachea；5- nitrogen inlet duct； 6- thermocouple I；7- valve I；8- support rod；9- thermocouple II；10- scalable communicating pipe；11- heating and thermal insulation set；12- thermocouple Ⅲ；13- valve II；14- hydraulic lifting arm；15- aluminium alloy solution；16- hydraulic device；17- thermocouple IV；18- resistance furnace II.
Specific embodiment
Invention is further described in detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments, but protection scope of the present invention is simultaneously It is not limited to the content.
Equipment therefor of the embodiment of the present invention as shown in Fig. 2, packet vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2, resistance furnace I 3, nitrogen out of the trachea 4, Nitrogen inlet duct 5, thermocouple I 6, valve I 7, support rod 8, thermocouple II 9, scalable communicating pipe 10, heating and thermal insulation set 11, heat Galvanic couple III 12, valve II 13, hydraulic lifting arm 14, hydraulic device 16, thermocouple IV 17, resistance furnace II 18, vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2 are placed in inside resistance furnace I 3, and the top of vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2 is equipped with nitrogen out of the trachea 4 and nitrogen inlet duct 5, and thermocouple I 6 is inserted Enter to the inside of resistance furnace I 3, resistance furnace I 3 is fixed on support rod 8；Resistance furnace II 18 is fixed on hydraulic lifting arm 14, liquid Pressure device 16 is placed in the inside of resistance furnace II 18, and thermocouple IV 17 is inserted into resistance furnace II 18, the bottom of hydraulic device 16 with Scalable communicating pipe 10 is connected to, and scalable communicating pipe 10 is connected to by pipeline with the bottom of vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2, scalable company The outside of siphunculus 10 is equipped with heating and thermal insulation set 11, and thermocouple III 12 was inserted into inside scalable communicating pipe 10, scalable communicating pipe 10 pipelines being connected to vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2 are equipped with thermocouple II 9, the outlet of vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2 and hydraulic device 16 Place is respectively equipped with valve I 7 and valve II 13.
Embodiment 1
Described in the present embodiment it is a kind of vapor deposition, hydraulic seepage flow two-step method prepare high-volume fractional SiC particulate enhancing aluminum-base composite Material, the specific steps are as follows:
The first step, nitrogen and Mg powder evaporation reaction to SiC particulate surface:
(1) SiC powder, Mg dried bean noodles are dry: 200 mesh SiC powder, 300 mesh Mg powder are waited in drying box in 200 DEG C of dry 3h respectively With.
(2) SiC powder and Mg powder are mixed, vibrate: being according to Mg powder mass fraction by the resulting SiC powder of step (1) and Mg powder 5% weighs, then uniformly mixing, vibrates 3min with shaking platform, is subsequently placed in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2.
(3) evaporation reaction under nitrogen atmosphere: it is passed through the nitrogen that air pressure is 0.008MPa in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2, will walk Suddenly (2) resulting mixed powder is heated to 700 DEG C and keeps the temperature 2h, and nitrogen is reacted with Mg powder in one layer of Mg of SiC particulate Surface Creation3N2 Evaporation film.
Second step, hydraulic seepage flow prepare high-volume fractional SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites:
(1) aluminium alloy melt fusing, heat preservation: by the aluminium alloy AlSi13 in hydraulic device 16 in 900 DEG C of fusings, heat preservation 30min。
(2) hydraulic seepage flow: by adjusting hydraulic lifting arm 14 and the height of scalable communicating pipe 10 below resistance furnace, change Become the liquid level of the aluminium alloy melt in hydraulic device 16 to 1.16m, enables aluminum alloy to the hydraulic for 0.03MPa, aluminium conjunction of melt Into the SiC particulate gap in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2 of nitrogen protection, Seepage flow time is seepage flow golden melt under hydraulic action 6h, closes pipeline valve I 3 after the completion of seepage flow, obtains SiC volume fraction after the composite cementation fluid of SiC and aluminium alloy is air-cooled and is 50% particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, metallographic microscope is as shown in Figure 3,4, and as seen from the figure, SiC particulate is in composite material In be evenly distributed, interface cohesion it is good.
Embodiment 2
Described in the present embodiment it is a kind of vapor deposition, hydraulic seepage flow two-step method prepare high-volume fractional SiC particulate enhancing aluminum-base composite Material, the specific steps are as follows:
The first step, nitrogen and Mg powder evaporation reaction to SiC particulate surface:
(1) SiC powder, Mg dried bean noodles are dry: by 300 mesh SiC powder, 400 mesh Mg powder respectively in drying box in 300 DEG C of dry 2.5h For use.
(2) SiC powder and Mg powder are mixed, vibrate: being according to Mg powder mass fraction by the resulting SiC powder of step (1) and Mg powder 6% weighs, then uniformly mixing, vibrates 6min with shaking platform, is subsequently placed in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2.
(3) evaporation reaction under nitrogen atmosphere: it is passed through the nitrogen that air pressure is 0.006MPa in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2, will walk Suddenly (2) resulting mixed powder is heated to 730 DEG C and keeps the temperature 1.7h, and nitrogen is reacted with Mg powder at one layer of SiC particulate Surface Creation Mg3N2Evaporation film.
Second step, hydraulic seepage flow prepare high-volume fractional SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites:
(1) aluminium alloy melt fusing, heat preservation: by the aluminium alloy AlSi12 in hydraulic device 16 in 1000 DEG C of fusings, heat preservation 27min。
(2) hydraulic seepage flow: by adjusting hydraulic lifting arm 14 and the height of scalable communicating pipe 10 below resistance furnace, change Become the liquid level of the aluminium alloy melt in hydraulic device 16 to 1.55m, enables aluminum alloy to the hydraulic for 0.04MPa, aluminium conjunction of melt Into the SiC particulate gap in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2 of nitrogen protection, Seepage flow time is seepage flow golden melt under hydraulic action 4.3h, closes pipeline valve I 3 after the completion of seepage flow, obtains SiC volume fraction after the composite cementation fluid of SiC and aluminium alloy is air-cooled and is 55% particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
Embodiment 3
Described in the present embodiment it is a kind of vapor deposition, hydraulic seepage flow two-step method prepare high-volume fractional SiC particulate enhancing aluminum-base composite Material, the specific steps are as follows:
The first step, nitrogen and Mg powder evaporation reaction to SiC particulate surface:
(1) SiC powder, Mg dried bean noodles are dry: by 300 mesh SiC powder, 400 mesh Mg powder respectively in drying box in 300 DEG C of dry 2.5h For use.
(2) SiC powder and Mg powder are mixed, vibrate: being according to Mg powder mass fraction by the resulting SiC powder of step (1) and Mg powder 7% weighs, then uniformly mixing, vibrates 9min with shaking platform, is subsequently placed in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2.
(3) evaporation reaction under nitrogen atmosphere: it is passed through the nitrogen that air pressure is 0.004MPa in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2, will walk Suddenly (2) resulting mixed powder is heated to 760 DEG C and keeps the temperature 1.4h, and nitrogen is reacted with Mg powder at one layer of SiC particulate Surface Creation Mg3N2Evaporation film.
Second step, hydraulic seepage flow prepare high-volume fractional SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites:
(1) aluminium alloy melt fusing, heat preservation: by the aluminium alloy AlSi11 in hydraulic device 16 in 1050 DEG C of fusings, heat preservation 24min。
(2) hydraulic seepage flow: by adjusting hydraulic lifting arm 14 and the height of scalable communicating pipe 10 below resistance furnace, change Become the liquid level of the aluminium alloy melt in hydraulic device 16 to 1.94m, enables aluminum alloy to the hydraulic for 0.05MPa, aluminium conjunction of melt Into the SiC particulate gap in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2 of nitrogen protection, Seepage flow time is seepage flow golden melt under hydraulic action 3.4h, closes pipeline valve I 3 after the completion of seepage flow, obtains SiC volume fraction after the composite cementation fluid of SiC and aluminium alloy is air-cooled and is 58% particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
Embodiment 4
Described in the present embodiment it is a kind of vapor deposition, hydraulic seepage flow two-step method prepare high-volume fractional SiC particulate enhancing aluminum-base composite Material, the specific steps are as follows:
The first step, nitrogen and Mg powder evaporation reaction to SiC particulate surface:
(1) SiC powder, Mg dried bean noodles are dry: by 400 mesh SiC powder, 500 mesh Mg powder powder respectively in drying box in 400 DEG C of dry 2h For use.
(2) SiC powder and Mg powder are mixed, vibrate: being according to Mg powder mass fraction by the resulting SiC powder of step (1) and Mg powder 8% weighs, then uniformly mixing, vibrates 12min with shaking platform, is subsequently placed in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2.
(3) evaporation reaction under nitrogen atmosphere: it is passed through the nitrogen that air pressure is 0.002MPa in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2, will walk Suddenly (2) resulting mixed powder is heated to 800 DEG C and keeps the temperature 1h, and nitrogen is reacted with Mg powder in one layer of Mg of SiC particulate Surface Creation3N2 Evaporation film.
Second step, hydraulic seepage flow prepare high-volume fractional SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites:
(1) aluminium alloy melt fusing, heat preservation: by the aluminium alloy AlSi10 in hydraulic device 16 in 1100 DEG C of fusings, heat preservation 20min。
(2) hydraulic seepage flow: by adjusting hydraulic lifting arm 14 and the height of scalable communicating pipe 10 below resistance furnace, change Become the liquid level of the aluminium alloy melt in hydraulic device 16 to 2.32m, enables aluminum alloy to the hydraulic for 0.06MPa, aluminium conjunction of melt Into the SiC particulate gap in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus 2 of nitrogen protection, Seepage flow time is seepage flow golden melt under hydraulic action 3.2h, closes pipeline valve I 3 after the completion of seepage flow, obtains SiC volume fraction after the composite cementation fluid of SiC and aluminium alloy is air-cooled and is 60% particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of preparation method of SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites, which is characterized in that specifically includes the following steps:
(1) it will be vibrated after SiC powder, the dry mixing of Mg dried bean noodles with shaking platform, shaking platform vibrates 3-12min, is subsequently placed in vapor deposition- In seepage apparatus, be passed through nitrogen in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus, mixed powder be heated to 700-800 DEG C and keeps the temperature 1-2h, nitrogen with Mg powder is reacted in SiC particulate Surface Creation Mg3N2Evaporation film；
(2) 20-30min is kept the temperature after melting aluminium alloy melt, aluminium alloy melt seepage flow under hydraulic action arrives nitrogen protection In SiC particulate gap in vapor deposition-seepage apparatus, Seepage flow time 3.2-6h, the composite cementation of SiC and aluminium alloy after the completion of seepage flow The SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites of high-volume fractional are obtained after fluid is air-cooled, wherein SiC volume fraction is 50-60%；
Nitrogen pressure is 0.002-0.008MPa in step (1)；
The mass fraction of mixed powder shared by Mg powder is 5-8% in step (1).
2. the preparation method of SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (1) Drying condition is 200-400 DEG C of dry 2-3h.
3. the preparation method of SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (1) The granularity of SiC powder is 200-400 mesh, and the granularity of Mg powder is 300-500 mesh.
4. the preparation method of SiC particulate reinforced aluminum matrix composites according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in step (2) The aluminium alloy is aluminium silicon binary alloy, and the mass fraction of silicon is 10-13%.
5. device used in preparation method described in claim 1 ~ 4 any one, it is characterised in that: including vapor deposition-seepage apparatus (2), resistance furnace I (3), nitrogen out of the trachea (4), nitrogen inlet duct (5), thermocouple I (6), support rod (8), thermocouple II (9), Scalable communicating pipe (10), heating and thermal insulation set (11), thermocouple III (12), hydraulic lifting arm (14), hydraulic device (16), thermoelectricity Even IV (17), resistance furnace II (18), vapor deposition-seepage apparatus (2) are placed in resistance furnace I (3) inside, the top of vapor deposition-seepage apparatus (2) Portion is equipped with nitrogen out of the trachea (4) and nitrogen inlet duct (5), and thermocouple I (6) is inserted into the inside of resistance furnace I (3), resistance furnace I (3) it is fixed on support rod (8)；Resistance furnace II (18) is fixed on hydraulic lifting arm (14), and hydraulic device (16) is placed in resistance The inside of furnace II (18), thermocouple IV (17) are inserted into resistance furnace II (18), the bottom of hydraulic device (16) and scalable company Siphunculus (10) connection, scalable communicating pipe (10) are connected to by pipeline with the bottom of vapor deposition-seepage apparatus (2), scalable connection The outside for managing (10) is equipped with heating and thermal insulation set (11), and thermocouple III (12) is inserted into inside of scalable communicating pipe (10), scalable The pipeline that communicating pipe (10) is connected to vapor deposition-seepage apparatus (2) is equipped with thermocouple II (9).
6. device according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the exit of vapor deposition-seepage apparatus (2) and hydraulic device (16) It is respectively equipped with valve I (7) and valve II (13).
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