CN100486734C - 3D networked vacuum-air pressure method for casting friction composite material of ceramics-metals - Google Patents
3D networked vacuum-air pressure method for casting friction composite material of ceramics-metals Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A vacuum-pneumatic casting method for the 3D network shaped ceramic-metal friction material includes such steps as pretreating the 3D network shaped ceramic skeleton made of SiC, B4C, Si3N4, Al2O3, ZrO2, or mullite ceramic by surficial preoxidizing, inorganic modifying, electroplating, or powder metallurgical, providing metal chosen from Al, Al alloy, Cu alloy, Ti alloy and iron or steel, pretreating mould, and smelting-casting in vacuum-pneumatic furnace.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation method of composite friction material, refer more particularly to the preparation method of three-dimensional network ceramic-metal composite friction material.
Background technology
Because the ceramic-metal composite friction material has the performances such as hardness height, fusing point height, wearability be good of pottery on the one hand, have characteristics such as the high tenacity of metal and high strength on the other hand, rub, aspect such as anti-corrosion and high temperature has purposes widely.Shape by ceramic enhancement phase in the ceramic-metal composite friction material is classified, and the ceramic-metal composite friction material can be divided into the enhancing of ceramic dispersoid particle, ceramic fibre enhancing and the enhancing of three-dimensional network pottery etc.At present more for the report of the ceramic-metal composite friction material of preceding two kinds of wild phases, the method for preparation has powder metallurgic method, casting, gas phase synthesis method and in-situ synthesis etc.The ceramic-metal composite friction material that the ceramic dispersoid particle strengthens and ceramic fibre strengthens is because the interface between wild phase and the matrix is discontinuous interface; the frictional behaviour instability that comes off and to make material of ceramic particle or fiber as friction material; and three-dimensional network ceramic-metal composite friction material is because metal phase and ceramic phase have continuous interfacial simultaneously; use ceramic phase difficult drop-off in the engineering, the stable friction performance of material at material.Along with the raising of the transporting equipment speeds of service such as aircraft, train and automobile and the increase of load, brake friction material has been proposed more and more higher requirement, not only require rapid heat dissipation, Heat stability is good, braking is steady, stable performance, and the life-span is long, and requiring that friction material preparation technology is simple, production cost is low, it is best a kind of friction material that three-dimensional network ceramic-metal composite friction material is expected to.About the more existing reports of the preparation of three-dimensional network ceramic-metal composite friction material, utilize three-dimensional ceramic network and aluminium alloy to prepare the composite aspect at present but mainly concentrate on:
Patent of invention for example:
1, the preparation method of composite friction material, number of patent application: 02137504.6, the ecological ceramic that the wood materials preparation has different voidages is chosen in this invention, then under the vacuum high-pressure condition, metal composite in the porous ecological ceramic, is prepared the ecological ceramic metallic composite with network interpenetrating structure.The composite of this invention preparation, advantages such as the height ratio that has possessed the common metal based composites is strong, height ratio mould, wearability is good, high-temperature behavior is good, the feature that has possessed continuous filament reinforced metallic matrix composite has again further solved the integrity problem of conventional composite.The method of this invention has been described the preparation of ecological ceramic and Al alloy composite especially.
2, ceramic metal composite brake components and manufacturing thereof, number of patent application: 97194266.8, the brake component of this invention is ceramic-metal composites (CMC), said CMC contain a kind of continuous ceramic phase with a kind of be dispersed in the continuous ceramic phase discontinuous metal mutually.Especially, described and had high specific heat and low-density fine and close boron carbide-aluminium composite material.
But, the preparation of three-dimensional network ceramic-metal composite friction material at present all concentrates on low-melting aluminium alloy aspect, and for the higher copper alloy of fusing point, titanium alloy and ferrous materials, because temperature is high and and problem such as ceramic skeleton reaction, utilize three-dimensional network pottery and refractory metal or alloy to prepare three-dimensional network ceramic-metal composite friction material and yet there are no report now.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed in the present three-dimensional network ceramic-metal composite friction material preparation process pottery and metal problems such as chemical reaction, interface wet ability are poor, metal infiltration difficulty easily take place, provide a kind of vacuum-air pressure foundry engieering that utilizes to prepare the new method of three-dimensional network ceramic-metal composite friction material.
The inventive method realizes by following processing step:
1, the preliminary treatment of three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton
The three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton adopts SiC, B
4C, Si
3N
4, Al
2O
3, ZrO
2Or ceramic material such as mullite.
(1) if adopts SiC, B
4C or Si
3N
4Ceramic material need be to three-dimensional network SiC, B
4C or Si
3N
4Ceramic skeleton carries out surface modification, and adoptable method has:
1. surface preoxidizing is handled: feed compressed air or the oxygen that flows in heating furnace, its flow is 1～50L/min.Insulation 10～200min under 500～1000 ℃ makes ceramic material surfaces form one deck SiO
2Diaphragm;
2. adopt mineral-modified: utilize ball mill with aluminium oxide, silica, chromium oxide or its mix powder ball milling are 5～80 μ m to granularity, ball-milling medium is a water, abrading-ball adopts aluminium oxide or zirconia ceramics, in mechanical milling process, put into an amount of Ludox, aluminium dihydrogen phosphate or polyvinyl alcohol are as bond, and adding dispersant and suspending agent, dispersant is 20% the tetramethyl aqua ammonia aqueous solution, addition is 0.1～0.5% of material gross weight by weight percentage, suspending agent is selected lignin for use, sulfoacid calcium or polyvinyl alcohol water solution, addition are 1～7% of material gross weight.
The three-dimensional network pottery is put into above-mentioned ball milling slurry immersion treatment 0.1～100S, take out afterwards, 1～10h at room temperature dries in the shade, in 60～200 ℃ drying baker, dry 2～24h again, make on the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton surface and to coat that one deck is salic, the diaphragm of silica, chromium oxide or its mixture;
3. powder metallurgy processed method: 80～200 purpose nickel, iron or chromium powder are filled in the three-dimensional network skeleton; in nitrogen atmosphere, 600～1300 ℃ handled 30～400 minutes down; metal is spread to the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton; at room temperature unnecessary powder is poured out afterwards, formed the layer of metal diaphragm on the network ceramic surface.
(2) if adopt Al
2O
3, ZrO
2Or ceramic material such as mullite, need be to three-dimensional network Al
2O
3, ZrO
2, ceramic skeleton such as mullite carries out surface treatment, adoptable method has:
1. electroplate and coat one deck refractory metal: after handling with the silver nitrate sensitization earlier, electroplate layer of metal copper, nickel, iron or chromium, electrodeposited coating thickness is 1～10 μ m;
2. powder metallurgy processed method: 80～200 purpose nickel, iron or chromium powder are filled in the three-dimensional network skeleton; processing is 40～480 minutes in nitrogen atmosphere, under 600～1300 ℃; metal is spread to the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton; at room temperature unnecessary powder is poured out afterwards, formed the layer of metal diaphragm at the three-dimensional network ceramic surface.
In the inventive method, the volume fraction that the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton accounts for composite is 20～70%.
2, mould is handled
At metal die surface-coated one deck boron nitride or contain the metal oxide of Al, Si, Ca, at the boron nitride acetone soln or contain and add dispersant and suspending agent in the metal oxide aqueous solution of Al, Si or Ca, dispersant is 20% the tetramethyl aqua ammonia aqueous solution, addition is 0.1～0.5% by weight percentage, suspending agent adopts lignin, sulfoacid calcium or polyvinyl alcohol, addition is 1～7% of material gross weight by weight percentage, and mould adopts steel, cast steel or cast iron materials.
3, the founding of metal
Metal can adopt low-melting metal, and for example aluminum or aluminum alloy also can adopt the higher copper alloy of fusing point or titanium alloy or ferrous materials.Surface treated three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton is put into metal die, carry out founding then in vacuum-air pressure foundry furnace, vacuum-air pressure foundry furnace that the present invention adopts divides upper and lower two zones, and the upper strata is the fusion zone, and lower floor is a casting region.Metal is put into the crucible on upper strata, the metal die that the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton is housed is put into lower floor, and upper and lower layer vacuumizes simultaneously, when vacuum begins heating during less than 100Pa, the heating-up temperature on upper strata is 500～1700 ℃, and the heating-up temperature of lower floor is 200～1000 ℃.When the upper strata is heated to metal molten, the upper strata charges into gas makes gas pressure reach 0.01～1MPa, under this air pressure molten metal die casting is arrived within the metal die of lower floor, solidify rapidly in the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton process of molten metal liquid in being filled into metal die, thereby forming between metallic matrix and the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton is the composite of continuous combination interface, charge into metal die from molten metal and solidify to it and only needed for tens seconds, can slow down the reaction between deposite metal and the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton so greatly.
Vacuum-air pressure foundry furnace (seeing accompanying drawing) that the present invention adopts comprising: fusion zone, A upper strata, and B lower floor casting region, wherein fusion zone, A upper strata mainly comprises: 1 fastening bolt, 2 upper strata bleeding points, furnace wall, 3 upper strata, 4 metal stick harnesses, 5 upper strata bells, 6 O-ring seals, 7 upper strata air inlets, 8 upper strata heating element heaters, 9 fusion crucibles, 10 refractory brick, 11 cast tubes, cover is gone up in 12 sealings; B lower floor casting region mainly comprises: 13 encapsulants, 15 metal casting moulds, 16 lower floor's bleeding points, 17 lower floor furnace walls, 18 lower floor's heating element heaters, 10 refractory brick are trapped in 14 sealings.The double-layer plate welding is all adopted in upper strata bell 5, furnace wall, upper strata 3 and lower floor furnace wall 17, logical cooling water in the middle of the steel plate, upper strata bell 5 is tightly connected with vacuum-furnace wall, air pressure foundry furnace upper strata 3 by fastening bolt 1 and O-ring seal 6, upper strata bleeding point 2 and upper strata air inlet 7 are arranged on 3 tops, furnace wall, upper strata, with stove upper strata internal communication; The stove inwall is provided with upper strata heating element heater 8 on the upper strata, and fusion crucible 9 is arranged at upper strata heating element heater 8 inside; Bottom centre's place's perforate of fusion crucible 9, this bottom, hole is communicated with cast tubes 11, top clogs with metal stick harness 4, metal stick harness 4 adopts fusing points and exceeds 50～200 ℃ material than the fusing point of waiting to melt metal in the crucible and prepares, in the fusion process of metal, metal stick harness 4 is not molten, temperature when the deposite metal continues to raise, and when surpassing the fusing point of metal stick harness 4,4 fusings of metal stick harness, the interior molten metal liquid of crucible is by cast tubes 11 and make encapsulant 13 fusings, flows in the metal casting mould 15 of the casting region B of lower floor; Fusion zone, upper strata A and the casting region B of lower floor are tightly connected by fastening bolt 1 and O-ring seal 6 and are one; Lower floor furnace wall 17 upper level directions are provided with lower floor's bleeding point 16, lower floor's bleeding point 16 is communicated with the stove lower interior part, lower floor furnace wall 17 inwalls are provided with lower floor's heating element heater 18, metal casting mould 15 is arranged on lower floor's heating element heater 18 inside, sealing is trapped in 14 lower ends insertion metal casting mould, 15 top drillings, sealing is trapped and 14 is pushed down encapsulant 13 and go up cover 12 with sealing by screw thread and be connected, cover 12 upper ends are weldingly fixed on the centre position of 3 bottoms, furnace wall, upper strata in the sealing, and inside is communicated with cast tubes 11.Encapsulant 13 is separated into air pressure and two zones of vacuum with fusion zone, upper strata A and the casting region B of lower floor, and encapsulant 13 adopts the metal material preparation, and its fusing point is lower than the fusing point of waiting to melt metal in the crucible, but is higher than the heating-up temperature of lower floor.
Adopt the inventive method can prepare the network ceramic-metal friction composite in different ceramic content, different three-dimensional networks aperture, can not only realize the compound of low-melting metal and three-dimensional network pottery, for the higher copper alloy of fusing point, titanium alloy or ferrous materials, also can be under process conditions such as the temperature that relaxes, pressure, preparation has the three-dimensional network ceramic-metal composite friction material of continuous combination interface.The three-dimensional network ceramic-metal composite friction material that adopts the inventive method to prepare can be widely used in the friction material and the high-abrasive material of industries such as machinery, traffic, Aero-Space and military project.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is the structural representation of the vacuum-air pressure foundry furnace of the present invention's employing.Comprise among the figure: fusion zone, A upper strata, B lower floor casting region, 1 fastening bolt, 2 upper strata bleeding points, furnace wall, 3 upper strata, 4 metal stick harnesses, 5 upper strata bells, 6 O-ring seals, 7 upper strata air inlets, 8 upper strata heating element heaters, 9 fusion crucibles, 10 refractory brick, 11 cast tubes, cover is gone up in 12 sealings, 13 encapsulants, 15 metal casting moulds are trapped in 14 sealings, 16 lower floor's bleeding points, 17 lower floor furnace walls, 18 lower floor's heating element heaters.
The specific embodiment
Below each embodiment all adopt vacuum of the present invention-air pressure foundry furnace to finish enforcement.
The preparation of embodiment 1 three-dimensional network SiC pottery-40Cr steel composite material
1, with three-dimensional network SiC skeleton under oxidizing condition in 1300 ℃ of oxidation processes 3h, oxidizing condition is to feed moving air or mobile oxygen in stove, the purpose of oxidation processes is to form SiO on SiC skeleton surface
2Layer is to delay the erosion of molten steel to the SiC skeleton.
2, be 1: 2 configuration BN acetone coating by BN and acetone mass ratio, apply one deck BN acetone coating in metal die, the purpose that die surface applies coating is in order to prevent the reaction of liquid metal and metal die.
3, surface treated three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton is put into metal die, then steel (40Cr) is put into the crucible on vacuum-air pressure foundry furnace upper strata, the metal die that the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton is housed is put into lower floor.On, lower floor vacuumizes simultaneously, when vacuum begins heating during less than 100Pa, the heating-up temperature on upper strata is 1650 ℃, the heating-up temperature of lower floor is 700 ℃, when the upper strata is heated to the steel fusing, the upper strata charges into compressed air makes the upper strata furnace inner gas pressure reach 0.5MPa, lower floor continues to vacuumize and keeps vacuum less than 100Pa at this moment, the molten steel of upper strata fusing is arrived within the metal die of lower floor by die casting under air pressure, the molten steel of fusing is filled in the three-dimensional network SiC ceramic skeleton and solidifies rapidly, thereby form between steel matrix and the three-dimensional network SiC ceramic skeleton composite of continuous combination interface each other, entering from the steel of fusing that metal die solidifies to it only was tens seconds, can slow down the molten steel of fusing and the reaction between the three-dimensional network SiC ceramic skeleton so greatly.This material has the excellent friction performance, when forming friction pair with the composite of embodiment 2 preparations, at 3000 rev/mins, pressure is that coefficient of friction under the 1.1MPa is 0.32, the variation of The friction coefficient fraction time and pressure is steady, the coefficient of friction fluctuation range only is 0.2, the wearability of material is higher, and wear extent is compared with bearing steel and only is 1/10th of bearing steel.
The preparation of embodiment 2 three-dimensional network SiC pottery-copper alloy (663) composites
1, with three-dimensional network SiC skeleton under oxidizing condition in 1300 ℃ of oxidation processes 3h, oxidizing condition is to feed moving air or mobile oxygen in stove, the purpose of oxidation processes is to form SiO on SiC skeleton surface
2Layer is to delay the erosion of molten alloyed copper to the SiC skeleton.
2, be 1: 2 configuration BN acetone coating by BN and acetone mass ratio, apply one deck BN acetone coating in metal die, the purpose that die surface applies coating is in order to prevent the reaction of liquid copper alloy and metal die.
3, surface treated three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton is put into metal die, then copper alloy (663) is put into the crucible on vacuum-air pressure foundry furnace upper strata, the metal die that the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton is housed is put into lower floor, on, lower floor vacuumizes simultaneously, when vacuum begins heating during less than 100Pa, the heating-up temperature on upper strata is 1250 ℃, the heating-up temperature of lower floor is 600 ℃, when the upper strata is heated to the copper alloy fusing, the upper strata charges into nitrogen makes the upper strata furnace inner gas pressure reach 0.4MPa, lower floor continues to vacuumize and keeps vacuum less than 100Pa at this moment, the copper alloy liquid of upper strata fusing is arrived within the metal die of lower floor by die casting under air pressure, the copper alloy of fusing is filled in the three-dimensional network SiC ceramic skeleton and solidifies rapidly, thereby form between copper alloy matrix and the three-dimensional network SiC ceramic skeleton composite of continuous combination interface each other, enter metal die from the copper alloy of fusing and solidify to it and only needed for tens seconds, can slow down the copper alloy of fusing and the reaction between the three-dimensional network SiC ceramic skeleton so greatly.This material has the excellent friction performance, when forming friction pair with the prepared composite of embodiment 1, at 3000 rev/mins, pressure is that coefficient of friction under the 1.1MPa is 0.32, the variation of The friction coefficient fraction time and pressure is steady, the coefficient of friction fluctuation range only is 0.2, the wearability of material is higher, and wear extent is compared with tin bronze alloys and only is 1/15th of tin bronze alloys.
The preparation of embodiment 3 three-dimensional network SiC pottery-titanium alloy (TC4) composites
1, at first carry out three-dimensional network SiC pottery mineral-modified: be to take by weighing 200 purpose commercial alumina and silica at 60: 40 1. by aluminium oxide and siliconoxide mass percentage, utilize ball mill with aluminium oxide, silica mixed powder ball milling is 10 μ m to granularity, in mechanical milling process, use alumina balls as abrading-ball, material, the mass ratio of ball is 1:2, ball-milling medium is a water, the mass ratio of material and water is 1:1.5, in mechanical milling process, add the tetramethyl aqua ammonia aqueous solution (concentration is 20%) of material total amount 0.2% as dispersant, the polyvinyl alcohol water solution (concentration is 10%) that adds material total amount 4% is as suspending agent, the aluminium dihydrogen phosphate that adds material total amount 3% behind the ball milling 48hr is poured out slip stand-by as bond; 2. the three-dimensional network pottery is put into above-mentioned ball milling slurry 60S, taken out afterwards,, in 100 ℃ drying baker, dry 24hr again, make to coat on the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton surface that one deck is salic, the diaphragm of silica at the room temperature 8h that dries in the shade;
2, secondly carrying out mould handles: utilize above-mentioned slip to carry out metal die and handle, in metal die, apply one deck slip, to have surface treated three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton to put into metal die, the purpose that die surface applies coating is in order to prevent the reaction of liquid titanium alloy and metal die.
3, carry out titanium alloy vacuum-air pressure casting at last: the crucible of titanium alloy (TC4) being put into vacuum-air pressure foundry furnace upper strata, the metal die that the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton is housed is put into lower floor, on, lower floor vacuumizes simultaneously, when vacuum begins heating during less than 100Pa, the heating-up temperature on upper strata is 1680 ℃, the heating-up temperature of lower floor is 700 ℃, when the upper strata is heated to the titanium alloy fusing, the upper strata charges into argon gas makes the upper strata furnace inner gas pressure reach 0.4MPa, lower floor continues to vacuumize and keeps vacuum less than 100Pa at this moment, the titanium alloy of upper strata fusing is arrived within the metal die of lower floor by die casting under air pressure, the titanium alloy of fusing is filled in the three-dimensional network SiC ceramic skeleton and solidifies rapidly, thereby form between titanium alloy substrate and the three-dimensional network SiC ceramic skeleton composite of continuous combination interface each other, only was tens seconds from the titanium alloy of fusing from entering that metal die solidifies to it, can slow down the titanium alloy of fusing and the reaction between the three-dimensional network SiC ceramic skeleton so greatly.This material has the excellent friction performance, when forming friction pair with the prepared composite of embodiment 1, at 3000 rev/mins, pressure is that coefficient of friction under the 1.1MPa is 0.35, the variation of The friction coefficient fraction time and pressure is steady, the coefficient of friction fluctuation range only is 0.2, the wearability of material is higher, and wear extent and TC4 alloy phase are 1/10th of TC4 alloy than only.
1, at first with three-dimensional network Al
2O
3Ceramic skeleton utilizes powder metallurgy process to carry out preliminary treatment: 200 purpose crome metal powder are filled into Al
2O
3In the three-dimensional network skeleton, in nitrogen atmosphere, 1250 ℃ handled 60 minutes down, make crome metal to Al
2O
3The diffusion of three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton after the cool to room temperature is poured out unnecessary powder, forms layer of metal chromium diaphragm on the network ceramic surface;
2, secondly carrying out mould handles: utilize the slip of first step preparation among the embodiment 3 to carry out the metal die processing, in metal die, apply one deck slip, to have surface treated three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton to put into metal die, the purpose that die surface applies coating is in order to prevent the reaction of liquid titanium alloy and metal die.
3, carry out titanium alloy vacuum-air pressure casting at last: the crucible of titanium alloy (TC4) being put into vacuum-air pressure foundry furnace upper strata, the metal die that the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton is housed is put into lower floor, on, lower floor vacuumizes simultaneously, when vacuum begins heating during less than 100Pa, the heating-up temperature on upper strata is 1680 ℃, the heating-up temperature of lower floor is 700 ℃, when the upper strata is heated to the titanium alloy fusing, the upper strata charges into argon gas makes the interior top tank air pressure of stove reach 0.4MPa, lower floor continues to vacuumize and keeps vacuum less than 100Pa at this moment, the titanium alloy of upper strata fusing is arrived within the metal die of lower floor by die casting under air pressure, and the titanium alloy of fusing is filled into three-dimensional network Al
2O
3Also solidify rapidly in the ceramic skeleton, thereby form titanium alloy substrate and three-dimensional network Al
2O
3The continuous composite of combination interface each other between the ceramic skeleton only was tens seconds from the titanium alloy of fusing from entering that metal die solidifies to it, can slow down the titanium alloy and the three-dimensional network Al of fusing so greatly
2O
3Reaction between the ceramic skeleton.This material has the excellent friction performance, when forming friction pair with embodiment 1, at 3000 rev/mins, pressure is that coefficient of friction under the 1.1MPa is 0.36, the variation of The friction coefficient fraction time and pressure is steady, the coefficient of friction fluctuation range only is 0.2, the wearability of material is higher, and wear extent and TC4 alloy phase are 1/8th of TC4 alloy than only.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of vacuum-air pressure method for casting of three-dimensional network ceramic-metal composite friction material is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
1) preliminary treatment of three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton: the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton adopts SiC, B
4C, Si
3N
4, Al
2O
3, ZrO
2Or mullite ceramic material, to three-dimensional network SiC, B
4C or Si
3N
4Ceramic skeleton carry out preliminary treatment adopt surface preoxidizing handle or mineral-modified or powder metallurgy processed method in a kind of, wherein, (1) the surface preoxidizing processing method is as follows: feed compressed air or the oxygen that flows in heating furnace, its flow is 1～50L/min, is incubated down in 500～1300 ℃ and handles 10～200min;
(2) mineral-modified processing method is as follows: utilizing ball mill is 5～80 μ m with aluminium oxide, silica, chromium oxide or its mix powder ball milling to granularity, need to add bond, dispersant and suspending agent in the mechanical milling process, then the three-dimensional network pottery is put into above-mentioned ball milling slurry and soaked 0.1～100s, 1～the 10h that at room temperature dries in the shade is afterwards dried 2～24h again in 60～200 ℃ drying baker; (3) the powder metallurgy processed method is as follows: 80～200 purpose nickel, iron or chromium powder are filled in the three-dimensional network skeleton, in nitrogen atmosphere, 600～1300 ℃ handled 30～400 minutes down, at room temperature unnecessary powder is poured out then; To Al
2O
3, ZrO
2Or the mullite ceramic skeleton carries out preliminary treatment and adopt to electroplate coats a kind of in one deck refractory metal or the powder metallurgy processed method, wherein, 1. it is as follows to electroplate coating one deck refractory metal method: after handling with the silver nitrate sensitization earlier, electroplate layer of metal copper, nickel, iron or chromium, electrodeposited coating thickness is 1～10 μ m, and 2. the powder metallurgy processed method is with (3);
2) mould is handled: at metal die surface-coated one deck boron nitride or contain the metal oxide of Al, Si or Ca, and at the boron nitride acetone soln or contain in the metal oxide aqueous solution of Al, Si or Ca and add dispersant and suspending agent;
3) founding of metal, surface treated three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton is put into metal die, in vacuum-air pressure foundry furnace, cast then, metal is put into the crucible on upper strata, the metal die that the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton is housed is put into lower floor, upper and lower layer vacuumizes simultaneously, when vacuum begins heating during less than 100Pa, when the upper strata is heated to the material fusing, the gas pressure that the upper strata charges into is 0.01～1MPa, lower floor continues to keep negative pressure 100Pa, under this air pressure molten metal die casting is arrived within the metal die of lower floor.
2,, it is characterized in that the volume fraction that the three-dimensional network ceramic skeleton accounts for composite is 20～70% according to the vacuum-air pressure method for casting of the described three-dimensional network ceramic-metal of claim 1 composite friction material.
3, according to the vacuum-air pressure method for casting of the described three-dimensional network ceramic-metal of claim 1 composite friction material, when it is characterized in that preparing the ball milling slurry, the bond of adding is Ludox, aluminium dihydrogen phosphate or polyvinyl alcohol.
4, according to the vacuum-air pressure method for casting of the described three-dimensional network ceramic-metal of claim 1 composite friction material, when it is characterized in that preparing the processing of ball milling slurry and mould, the dispersant that adds is 20% the tetramethyl aqua ammonia aqueous solution, addition is 0.1～0.5% of material gross weight by weight percentage, the suspending agent that adds is lignin, sulfoacid calcium or polyvinyl alcohol water solution, and addition is 1～7% of a material gross weight.
5, vacuum-air pressure method for casting according to the described three-dimensional network ceramic-metal of claim 1 composite friction material, on it is characterized in that this vacuum-air pressure foundry furnace divides, following two zones, the upper strata is the fusion zone, lower floor is a casting region, on, connect by cast tubes between the lower floor, the cast tubes outside is surrounded by the last cover of sealing and sealing is trapped, apply mechanically under cover and the sealing in the sealing and be threaded, be pressed with the metal encapsulant in the middle of its connecting portion, the fusing point of encapsulant is lower than the fusing point of waiting to melt metal in the crucible, but the heating-up temperature that is higher than lower floor, encapsulant is separated into air pressure and two zones of vacuum with fusion zone, upper strata and lower floor's casting region, inside, fusion zone, upper strata is provided with fusion crucible, the crucible bottom center has the Kong Bingyu cast tubes and links to each other, and is placed with the metal stick harness in the hole of crucible bottom, and the fusing point of metal stick harness is than waiting in the crucible that the fusing point that melts metal exceeds 50～200 ℃, cover links to each other with the hole of upper strata furnace bottom in the sealing, and sealing is trapped and inserted in the casting gate at metal casting mould top.
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