CN108157154A - 一种提高成活率的石榴育苗方法 - Google Patents
一种提高成活率的石榴育苗方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN108157154A CN108157154A CN201810064938.8A CN201810064938A CN108157154A CN 108157154 A CN108157154 A CN 108157154A CN 201810064938 A CN201810064938 A CN 201810064938A CN 108157154 A CN108157154 A CN 108157154A
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- parts
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Classifications
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- A01N37/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing at least one carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a singly bound oxygen or sulfur atom attached to the same carbon skeleton, this oxygen or sulfur atom not being a member of a carboxylic group or of a thio analogue, or of a derivative thereof, e.g. hydroxy-carboxylic acids
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- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
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- A01N47/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom not being member of a ring and having no bond to a carbon or hydrogen atom, e.g. derivatives of carbonic acid the carbon atom having one or more single bonds to nitrogen atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
- A01N65/38—Solanaceae [Potato family], e.g. nightshade, tomato, tobacco or chilli pepper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种提高成活率的石榴育苗方法,涉及石榴栽培技术领域,包括如下步骤:(1)、选取育苗母树和压条;(2)、压条预处理;(3)、制作发根瓶;(4)、发根瓶育苗;(5)、日常管理;(6)、离体炼苗。本发明有效缩短育苗周期且提高育苗成活率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及石榴栽培技术领域,具体涉及一种提高成活率的石榴育苗方法。
背景技术
石榴是一种营养丰富的水果,具有生津止渴、收敛止泻的功效,石榴的种植方法较多,但是传统方法种植石榴生长周期较长,石榴的产量较低。尤其在石榴育苗阶段,周期长,成活率低。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种提高成活率的石榴育苗方法,有效缩短育苗周期且提高育苗成活率。
本发明提供了如下的技术方案:一种提高成活率的石榴育苗方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)、选取育苗母树和压条
选择种性纯正、生长健壮、丰产性能强、抗逆性强且无病害的的1~2年生石榴树作为育苗母树;
在前述育苗母树上选取当年生且已木质化的粗壮绿枝作为压条;
(2)、压条预处理
修剪压条,保留3~5个芽眼、从上部留取2~3片绿叶;
在压条距离母树主枝1~5cm处环状剥皮,深度至木质部为止,用棉签蘸处理液涂抹于环状剥皮后的伤口上,然后用稻草裹湿泥包在伤口周围;
(3)、制作发根瓶
选择柱形塑料瓶,在侧壁上戳开若干个气孔,气孔的直径为0.2~0.3cm,在顶面和底面对应挖出穿孔,穿孔直径与压条的直径相适应,横向摆放柱形塑料瓶,在上方侧壁开挖出一个开口,得到发根瓶;
(4)、发根瓶育苗
将压条从两个穿孔穿过,发根瓶套接于插穗上,使得步骤(2)环状剥皮后的伤口位于发根瓶内;
放置营养土:通过开口向发根瓶内壁铺设一层苔藓,然后再向发根瓶内填满育苗土,填满后用湿纱布封住开口;
(5)、日常管理
营养液:安装发根瓶后,每隔1~2天打开湿纱布,向发根瓶中滴加10~15滴营养液;每隔6~8天采用点滴方式,向母树基部滴加营养液,每次滴加5~6h;
水肥:每隔4~6天向母树根部浇透水,保持土壤湿润,每10~12天施一次水肥;根据压条皮层干燥情况,在晴天采用喷雾方式保持扦插枝条湿润;
追肥、除草和病虫害防治:在9~10月追施一次有机肥,每亩用量为60~80kg,并进行除草,采用杀虫药液以喷洒的方式进行病虫害防治;
(6)、离体炼苗
待压条长出根须,有新芽长出时,从步骤(2)环状剥皮部位的下端剪断、使压条与育苗母树分离,拆除瓶育苗,将压条带土移栽入种植大田中,移栽后浇透水,在压条上方搭建遮掩棚,通风炼苗4~5天后得到石榴幼苗,出圃。
优选地,所述步骤(1)选择的压条直径为0.8~1.2cm,长度为10~20cm。
优选地,所述步骤(2)还包括育苗母树预处理:整枝并清除育苗母树周围的杂草,向基部施加氮肥,向整枝后的伤口上涂抹修护剂,所述修护剂包括以下份计的原料:硫合剂溶液24~26份、生石灰14~16份、羟甲基纤维素9~11份和水29~31份。
优选地,所述步骤(2)中的处理液包括以下份计的原料:膨润土14~16份、氨基酸9~11份、吲哚乙酸9~11份、萘乙酸钠4~6份、氯化钠4~6份、磷酸二氢钾2~3份、过磷酸钙2~3份、葡萄糖1~2份和水39~41份。
优选地,所述步骤(4)中的育苗土包括以下份计的原料:锯末34~36份、凹凸棒土29~31份、膨胀珍珠岩24~26份、松壳24~26份、酒糟19~21份、ABT生根粉19~21份、甘蔗渣14~16份、螃蟹壳14~16份、羟甲基纤维素9~11份和水49~51份。
优选地,所述步骤(5)营养液包括以下份计的原料:硝酸铵0.06~0.08g/L、磷酸钾0.06~0.08g/L、亚硒酸钠0.06~0.08g/L、ABT生根粉0.04~0.06g/L、硫酸镁0.006~0.008g/L、硫酸铜0.006~0.008g/L、硫酸铁0.006~0.008g/L、硫酸锌0.004~0.006g/L、硒酸钠0.004~0.006g/L、氨基酸0.002~0.004g/L、维生素C 0.002~0.004g/L、EM菌0.001~0.002g/L和和余量水,前述各原料混合分散均匀,得到营养液。
优选地,所述步骤(5)中的水肥包括以下份计的原料:米糠49~51份、木醋液34~36份、贝壳粉24~26份、草木灰14~16份、尿素9~11份、硼酸9~11份和水100~110份。
优选地,所述步骤(5)中的杀虫药液包括以下份计的原料:茶皂素24~26份、辣椒叶提取物24~26份、马齿苋提取物19~21份、丙氨酸19~21份、磷酸二氢钾14~16份、氯菊酯14~16份、多菌灵可湿性粉剂9~11份、黄腐酸4~6份、柠檬酸4~6份、萘乙酸2~4份和水90~100份。
本发明的有益效果:有效缩短育苗周期且提高育苗成活率,具体如下:
(1)、本发明选取育苗母树和压条,将压条在育苗母树上进行培育生根,待其根系发达健壮后从母树上分离,得到独立的幼苗,这样的方式进行育苗,首先,压条作为幼苗在母株上生长速度快、根系更发达,可以缩短育苗周期且显著提高幼苗的成活率;其次,与传统的扦插育苗方法相比,采用本发明得到的幼苗数量多,一棵母株可以培育多根幼苗;再其次,养分的集中式供给,压条从母树和发根瓶得到养分、水分的输送,提高了自身抗逆性和抗病性,从而提高了移栽成活率;
(2)、本发明选择种性纯正、生长健壮、丰产性能强、抗逆性强且无病害的的1~2年生石榴树作为育苗母树,使得成活后的压条幼苗能够继承母树的特质,培育的幼苗生长周期短,间接地提高了育苗的产量和品质;
(3)、本发明对育苗母树进行预处理,其中,清理母树周围的杂草,起到防止病虫害发生、提高肥料和土壤有机质的吸收效率的作用;向母树伤口上涂抹修护剂,起到保护母树伤口、提高母树抗病害能力的作用;
(4)、本发明制作发根瓶,轻质且材料易得,安装在压条上,使其环状剥皮后的伤口位于发根瓶内,提供压条生根所需空间,在发根瓶侧壁上戳开若干个气孔并铺设一层苔藓,便于保持育苗土通透性的同时进行保水保肥;
(5)、本发明中使用的杀虫药液可以有效防治蚜虫、红 蜘蛛、尺蠖、刺蛾等虫害的发生;使用的营养液,有效促进根茎的粗壮生长,提高抗病能力,减少病害的发生,提高育苗质量,为开花结果奠定良好的营养基础。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
一种提高成活率的石榴育苗方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)、选取育苗母树和压条
选择种性纯正、生长健壮、丰产性能强、抗逆性强且无病害的的1年生石榴树作为育苗母树;
在前述育苗母树上选取当年生且已木质化的粗壮绿枝作为压条;
(2)、压条预处理
修剪压条,保留3个芽眼、从上部留取2片绿叶;
在压条距离母树主枝1cm处环状剥皮,深度至木质部为止,用棉签蘸处理液涂抹于环状剥皮后的伤口上,然后用稻草裹湿泥包在伤口周围;
(3)、制作发根瓶
选择柱形塑料瓶,在侧壁上戳开若干个气孔,气孔的直径为0.2cm,在顶面和底面对应挖出穿孔,穿孔直径与压条的直径相适应,横向摆放柱形塑料瓶,在上方侧壁开挖出一个开口,得到发根瓶;
(4)、发根瓶育苗
将压条从两个穿孔穿过,发根瓶套接于插穗上,使得步骤(2)环状剥皮后的伤口位于发根瓶内;
放置营养土:通过开口向发根瓶内壁铺设一层苔藓,然后再向发根瓶内填满育苗土,填满后用湿纱布封住开口;
(5)、日常管理
营养液:安装发根瓶后,每隔1天打开湿纱布,向发根瓶中滴加10滴营养液;每隔6天采用点滴方式,向母树基部滴加营养液,每次滴加5h;
水肥:每隔4天向母树根部浇透水,保持土壤湿润,每10天施一次水肥;根据压条皮层干燥情况,在晴天采用喷雾方式保持扦插枝条湿润;
追肥、除草和病虫害防治:在9月追施一次有机肥,每亩用量为60kg,并进行除草,采用杀虫药液以喷洒的方式进行病虫害防治;
(6)、离体炼苗
待压条长出根须,有新芽长出时,从步骤(2)环状剥皮部位的下端剪断、使压条与育苗母树分离,拆除瓶育苗,将压条带土移栽入种植大田中,移栽后浇透水,在压条上方搭建遮掩棚,通风炼苗4天后得到石榴幼苗,出圃。
其中,
所述步骤(1)选择的压条直径为0.8cm,长度为10cm。
所述步骤(2)还包括育苗母树预处理:整枝并清除育苗母树周围的杂草,向基部施加氮肥,向整枝后的伤口上涂抹修护剂,所述修护剂包括以下份计的原料:硫合剂溶液24份、生石灰14份、羟甲基纤维素9份和水29份。
所述步骤(2)中的处理液包括以下份计的原料:膨润土14份、氨基酸9份、吲哚乙酸9份、萘乙酸钠4份、氯化钠4份、磷酸二氢钾2份、过磷酸钙2份、葡萄糖1份和水39份。
所述步骤(4)中的育苗土包括以下份计的原料:锯末34份、凹凸棒土29份、膨胀珍珠岩24份、松壳24份、酒糟19份、ABT生根粉19份、甘蔗渣14份、螃蟹壳14份、羟甲基纤维素9份和水49份。
所述步骤(5)营养液包括以下份计的原料:硝酸铵0.06g/L、磷酸钾0.06g/L、亚硒酸钠0.06g/L、ABT生根粉0.04g/L、硫酸镁0.006g/L、硫酸铜0.006g/L、硫酸铁0.006g/L、硫酸锌0.004g/L、硒酸钠0.004g/L、氨基酸0.002g/L、维生素C 0.002g/L、EM菌0.001g/L和和余量水,前述各原料混合分散均匀,得到营养液。
所述步骤(5)中的水肥包括以下份计的原料:米糠49份、木醋液34份、贝壳粉24份、草木灰14份、尿素9份、硼酸9份和水100份。
所述步骤(5)中的杀虫药液包括以下份计的原料:茶皂素24份、辣椒叶提取物24份、马齿苋提取物19份、丙氨酸19份、磷酸二氢钾14份、氯菊酯14份、多菌灵可湿性粉剂9份、黄腐酸4份、柠檬酸4份、萘乙酸2份和水90份。
实施例2
一种提高成活率的石榴育苗方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)、选取育苗母树和压条
选择种性纯正、生长健壮、丰产性能强、抗逆性强且无病害的的2年生石榴树作为育苗母树;
在前述育苗母树上选取当年生且已木质化的粗壮绿枝作为压条;
(2)、压条预处理
修剪压条,保留5个芽眼、从上部留取3片绿叶;
在压条距离母树主枝5cm处环状剥皮,深度至木质部为止,用棉签蘸处理液涂抹于环状剥皮后的伤口上,然后用稻草裹湿泥包在伤口周围;
(3)、制作发根瓶
选择柱形塑料瓶,在侧壁上戳开若干个气孔,气孔的直径为0.3cm,在顶面和底面对应挖出穿孔,穿孔直径与压条的直径相适应,横向摆放柱形塑料瓶,在上方侧壁开挖出一个开口,得到发根瓶;
(4)、发根瓶育苗
将压条从两个穿孔穿过,发根瓶套接于插穗上,使得步骤(2)环状剥皮后的伤口位于发根瓶内;
放置营养土:通过开口向发根瓶内壁铺设一层苔藓,然后再向发根瓶内填满育苗土,填满后用湿纱布封住开口;
(5)、日常管理
营养液:安装发根瓶后,每隔2天打开湿纱布,向发根瓶中滴加15滴营养液;每隔8天采用点滴方式,向母树基部滴加营养液,每次滴加6h;
水肥:每隔6天向母树根部浇透水,保持土壤湿润,每12天施一次水肥;根据压条皮层干燥情况,在晴天采用喷雾方式保持扦插枝条湿润;
追肥、除草和病虫害防治:在10月追施一次有机肥,每亩用量为80kg,并进行除草,采用杀虫药液以喷洒的方式进行病虫害防治;
(6)、离体炼苗
待压条长出根须,有新芽长出时,从步骤(2)环状剥皮部位的下端剪断、使压条与育苗母树分离,拆除瓶育苗,将压条带土移栽入种植大田中,移栽后浇透水,在压条上方搭建遮掩棚,通风炼苗5天后得到石榴幼苗,出圃。
其中,
所述步骤(1)选择的压条直径为1.2cm,长度为20cm。
所述步骤(2)还包括育苗母树预处理:整枝并清除育苗母树周围的杂草,向基部施加氮肥,向整枝后的伤口上涂抹修护剂,所述修护剂包括以下份计的原料:硫合剂溶液26份、生石灰16份、羟甲基纤维素11份和水31份。
所述步骤(2)中的处理液包括以下份计的原料:膨润土16份、氨基酸11份、吲哚乙酸11份、萘乙酸钠6份、氯化钠6份、磷酸二氢钾3份、过磷酸钙3份、葡萄糖2份和水41份。
所述步骤(4)中的育苗土包括以下份计的原料:锯末36份、凹凸棒土31份、膨胀珍珠岩26份、松壳26份、酒糟21份、ABT生根粉21份、甘蔗渣16份、螃蟹壳16份、羟甲基纤维素11份和水51份。
所述步骤(5)营养液包括以下份计的原料:硝酸铵0.08g/L、磷酸钾0.08g/L、亚硒酸钠0.08g/L、ABT生根粉0.06g/L、硫酸镁0.008g/L、硫酸铜0.008g/L、硫酸铁0.008g/L、硫酸锌0.006g/L、硒酸钠0.006g/L、氨基酸0.004g/L、维生素C 0.004g/L、EM菌0.002g/L和和余量水,前述各原料混合分散均匀,得到营养液。
所述步骤(5)中的水肥包括以下份计的原料:米糠51份、木醋液36份、贝壳粉26份、草木灰16份、尿素11份、硼酸11份和水110份。
所述步骤(5)中的杀虫药液包括以下份计的原料:茶皂素26份、辣椒叶提取物26份、马齿苋提取物21份、丙氨酸21份、磷酸二氢钾16份、氯菊酯16份、多菌灵可湿性粉剂11份、黄腐酸6份、柠檬酸6份、萘乙酸4份和水100份。
实施例3
一种提高成活率的石榴育苗方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)、选取育苗母树和压条
选择种性纯正、生长健壮、丰产性能强、抗逆性强且无病害的的1年生石榴树作为育苗母树;
在前述育苗母树上选取当年生且已木质化的粗壮绿枝作为压条;
(2)、压条预处理
修剪压条,保留4个芽眼、从上部留取3片绿叶;
在压条距离母树主枝3cm处环状剥皮,深度至木质部为止,用棉签蘸处理液涂抹于环状剥皮后的伤口上,然后用稻草裹湿泥包在伤口周围;
(3)、制作发根瓶
选择柱形塑料瓶,在侧壁上戳开若干个气孔,气孔的直径为0.25cm,在顶面和底面对应挖出穿孔,穿孔直径与压条的直径相适应,横向摆放柱形塑料瓶,在上方侧壁开挖出一个开口,得到发根瓶;
(4)、发根瓶育苗
将压条从两个穿孔穿过,发根瓶套接于插穗上,使得步骤(2)环状剥皮后的伤口位于发根瓶内;
放置营养土:通过开口向发根瓶内壁铺设一层苔藓,然后再向发根瓶内填满育苗土,填满后用湿纱布封住开口;
(5)、日常管理
营养液:安装发根瓶后,每隔1天打开湿纱布,向发根瓶中滴加13滴营养液;每隔7天采用点滴方式,向母树基部滴加营养液,每次滴加5.5h;
水肥:每隔5天向母树根部浇透水,保持土壤湿润,每11天施一次水肥;根据压条皮层干燥情况,在晴天采用喷雾方式保持扦插枝条湿润;
追肥、除草和病虫害防治:在10月追施一次有机肥,每亩用量为70kg,并进行除草,采用杀虫药液以喷洒的方式进行病虫害防治;
(6)、离体炼苗
待压条长出根须,有新芽长出时,从步骤(2)环状剥皮部位的下端剪断、使压条与育苗母树分离,拆除瓶育苗,将压条带土移栽入种植大田中,移栽后浇透水,在压条上方搭建遮掩棚,通风炼苗4天后得到石榴幼苗,出圃。
其中,
所述步骤(1)选择的压条直径为1cm,长度为15cm。
所述步骤(2)还包括育苗母树预处理:整枝并清除育苗母树周围的杂草,向基部施加氮肥,向整枝后的伤口上涂抹修护剂,所述修护剂包括以下份计的原料:硫合剂溶液25份、生石灰15份、羟甲基纤维素10份和水30份。
所述步骤(2)中的处理液包括以下份计的原料:膨润土15份、氨基酸10份、吲哚乙酸10份、萘乙酸钠5份、氯化钠5份、磷酸二氢钾2.5份、过磷酸钙2.5份、葡萄糖1.5份和水40份。
所述步骤(4)中的育苗土包括以下份计的原料:锯末35份、凹凸棒土30份、膨胀珍珠岩25份、松壳25份、酒糟20份、ABT生根粉20份、甘蔗渣15份、螃蟹壳15份、羟甲基纤维素10份和水50份。
所述步骤(5)营养液包括以下份计的原料:硝酸铵0.07g/L、磷酸钾0.07g/L、亚硒酸钠0.07g/L、ABT生根粉0.05g/L、硫酸镁0.007g/L、硫酸铜0.007g/L、硫酸铁0.007g/L、硫酸锌0.005g/L、硒酸钠0.005g/L、氨基酸0.003g/L、维生素C 0.003g/L、EM菌0.001g/L和和余量水,前述各原料混合分散均匀,得到营养液。
所述步骤(5)中的水肥包括以下份计的原料:米糠50份、木醋液35份、贝壳粉25份、草木灰15份、尿素10份、硼酸10份和水105份。
所述步骤(5)中的杀虫药液包括以下份计的原料:茶皂素25份、辣椒叶提取物25份、马齿苋提取物20份、丙氨酸20份、磷酸二氢钾15份、氯菊酯15份、多菌灵可湿性粉剂10份、黄腐酸5份、柠檬酸5份、萘乙酸3份和水95份。
参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种提高成活率的石榴育苗方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)、选取育苗母树和压条
选择种性纯正、生长健壮、丰产性能强、抗逆性强且无病害的的1~2年生石榴树作为育苗母树;
在前述育苗母树上选取当年生且已木质化的粗壮绿枝作为压条;
(2)、压条预处理
修剪压条,保留3~5个芽眼、从上部留取2~3片绿叶;
在压条距离母树主枝1~5cm处环状剥皮,深度至木质部为止,用棉签蘸处理液涂抹于环状剥皮后的伤口上,然后用稻草裹湿泥包在伤口周围;
(3)、制作发根瓶
选择柱形塑料瓶,在侧壁上戳开若干个气孔,气孔的直径为0.2~0.3cm,在顶面和底面对应挖出穿孔,穿孔直径与压条的直径相适应,横向摆放柱形塑料瓶,在上方侧壁开挖出一个开口,得到发根瓶;
(4)、发根瓶育苗
将压条从两个穿孔穿过,发根瓶套接于插穗上,使得步骤(2)环状剥皮后的伤口位于发根瓶内;
放置营养土:通过开口向发根瓶内壁铺设一层苔藓,然后再向发根瓶内填满育苗土,填满后用湿纱布封住开口;
(5)、日常管理
营养液:安装发根瓶后,每隔1~2天打开湿纱布,向发根瓶中滴加10~15滴营养液;每隔6~8天采用点滴方式,向母树基部滴加营养液,每次滴加5~6h;
水肥:每隔4~6天向母树根部浇透水,保持土壤湿润,每10~12天施一次水肥;根据压条皮层干燥情况,在晴天采用喷雾方式保持扦插枝条湿润;
追肥、除草和病虫害防治:在9~10月追施一次有机肥,每亩用量为60~80kg,并进行除草,采用杀虫药液以喷洒的方式进行病虫害防治;
(6)、离体炼苗
待压条长出根须,有新芽长出时,从步骤(2)环状剥皮部位的下端剪断、使压条与育苗母树分离,拆除瓶育苗,将压条带土移栽入种植大田中,移栽后浇透水,在压条上方搭建遮掩棚,通风炼苗4~5天后得到石榴幼苗,出圃。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高成活率的石榴育苗方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)选择的压条直径为0.8~1.2cm,长度为10~20cm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提高成活率的石榴育苗方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)还包括育苗母树预处理:整枝并清除育苗母树周围的杂草,向基部施加氮肥,向整枝后的伤口上涂抹修护剂,所述修护剂包括以下份计的原料:硫合剂溶液24~26份、生石灰14~16份、羟甲基纤维素9~11份和水29~31份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的提高成活率的石榴育苗方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)中的处理液包括以下份计的原料:膨润土14~16份、氨基酸9~11份、吲哚乙酸9~11份、萘乙酸钠4~6份、氯化钠4~6份、磷酸二氢钾2~3份、过磷酸钙2~3份、葡萄糖1~2份和水39~41份。
5.根据权利要求1所述的提高成活率的石榴育苗方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)中的育苗土包括以下份计的原料:锯末34~36份、凹凸棒土29~31份、膨胀珍珠岩24~26份、松壳24~26份、酒糟19~21份、ABT生根粉19~21份、甘蔗渣14~16份、螃蟹壳14~16份、羟甲基纤维素9~11份和水49~51份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的提高成活率的石榴育苗方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)营养液包括以下份计的原料:硝酸铵0.06~0.08g/L、磷酸钾0.06~0.08g/L、亚硒酸钠0.06~0.08g/L、ABT生根粉0.04~0.06g/L、硫酸镁0.006~0.008g/L、硫酸铜0.006~0.008g/L、硫酸铁0.006~0.008g/L、硫酸锌0.004~0.006g/L、硒酸钠0.004~0.006g/L、氨基酸0.002~0.004g/L、维生素C 0.002~0.004g/L、EM菌0.001~0.002g/L和和余量水,前述各原料混合分散均匀,得到营养液。
7.根据权利要求1所述的提高成活率的石榴育苗方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中的水肥包括以下份计的原料:米糠49~51份、木醋液34~36份、贝壳粉24~26份、草木灰14~16份、尿素9~11份、硼酸9~11份和水100~110份。
8.根据权利要求1所述的提高成活率的石榴育苗方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(5)中的杀虫药液包括以下份计的原料:茶皂素24~26份、辣椒叶提取物24~26份、马齿苋提取物19~21份、丙氨酸19~21份、磷酸二氢钾14~16份、氯菊酯14~16份、多菌灵可湿性粉剂9~11份、黄腐酸4~6份、柠檬酸4~6份、萘乙酸2~4份和水90~100份。
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CN110012767A (zh) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-07-16 | 南阳师范学院 | 一种软籽石榴压条繁殖方法 |
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