CN108668666A - 桃树的种植方法 - Google Patents

桃树的种植方法 Download PDF

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CN108668666A
CN108668666A CN201810486541.8A CN201810486541A CN108668666A CN 108668666 A CN108668666 A CN 108668666A CN 201810486541 A CN201810486541 A CN 201810486541A CN 108668666 A CN108668666 A CN 108668666A
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黄政
王家丽
胡优
曾令明
李安碧
路磊
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Guizhou Lei Heng Tourism Ecology Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

本申请公开了果树种植技术领域的一种桃树的种植方法,包括以下步骤:(1)选择四周空旷、排水良好、土层深厚且若酸性的沙质壤土作为园地,深耕50~60cm,每亩地施基肥再将土地耕匀;(2)以4~5年生的毛桃树作为砧木,毛桃树离地65~75cm、树干直径为8~12cm处水平锯断,然后将毛桃树的含根部分移栽到园地中;(3)选取树龄为1~2年的黄桃树具有4~6芽的枝条、油桃树具有4~6芽的枝条和水蜜桃树具有4~6芽的枝条作为接穗;(4)在砧木的相对两侧上分别切一个嫁接口,将接穗插入嫁接口,在嫁接口处喷洒营养液和愈合剂,对嫁接处进行捆绑,包裹;(5)后期管理:定期浇水、施肥和修枝;本方案的种植方法科学合理,周期短,易于管理,能够提高桃树的产量。

Description

桃树的种植方法
技术领域
本发明属于果树种植技术领域,具体涉及一种桃树的种植方法。
背景技术
桃,原产于中国,世界各地均有种植,蔷薇科、桃属植物。落叶小乔木,叶为窄椭圆形至披针形,长15厘米,宽4厘米,先端成长而细的尖端,边缘有细齿,暗绿色有光泽,叶基具有蜜腺。树皮暗灰色,随年龄增长出现裂缝,花单生,从淡至深粉红或红色,有时为白色,有短柄,直径4厘米,早春开花。
桃是一种果实作为水果的落叶小乔木,花可以观赏,果实多汁,可以生食或制桃脯、罐头等,核仁也可以食用。桃有多个种品种,“黄桃”果皮、果肉均呈金黄色至橙黄色,肉质较紧致蜜而韧,“油桃”的果皮光滑,果肉微酸但营养价值高,“水蜜桃为球形可食用水果类,水蜜桃有美肤、清胃、润肺、祛痰等功效。
桃树的种植在我国比较普遍,目前大多数的种植方法为嫁接,采用嫁接的方式培育出的桃子,味道鲜美,而且产量高。现在的种植方法中,先要将桃核培育成苗作为砧木,再将成熟桃树的枝条或者培育出的桃树苗嫁接在砧木上,等接穗长出芽后再移植,这样种植步骤多,周期长。
发明内容
本发明意在提供一种桃树的种植方法,以解决现有的桃树种植方法中,种植步骤多、周期长的问题。
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供如下方案:桃树的种植方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)整地:选择四周空旷、排水良好、土层深厚且弱酸性的沙质壤土作为园地,深耕50~60cm,每亩地施基肥168~210kg,再将土地耕匀,使基肥混入土壤中,闲置5~7天;
(2)砧木选择:以4~5年生的毛桃树作为砧木,毛桃树离地65~75cm、树干直径为8~12cm处水平锯断,然后将毛桃树的含根部分移栽到园地中,株距为120~140cm;
(3)接穗选择:选取树龄为1~2年的黄桃树具有4~6芽的枝条、油桃树具有4~6芽的枝条和水蜜桃树具有4~6芽的枝条作为接穗;
(4)嫁接:在砧木的相对两侧上分别切一个嫁接口,每一个嫁接口中分别插入将黄桃树、油桃树和水蜜桃树三种接穗中的一种,在嫁接口处喷洒营养液和愈合剂,对嫁接处进行捆绑,包裹;
(5)后期管理:定期浇水、施肥和修枝。
进一步,所述基肥按重量份数由以下原料组成:畜禽粪便18~20份、尿素8~9份、磷肥15~20份、砷硒肥4~5份、螯合锰3~4份、复合氨基酸1~2份、杀菌剂1~2份和草木灰6~8份。
进一步,所述愈合剂按重量份数由萘乙酸4~6份、吲哚乙酸15~25份、赤霉素1~2份和多菌灵0.2~0.3份组成。
进一步,所述营养液按重量份数由硝酸铵13~16份、磷酸二氢钾10~14份、硫酸亚铁6~8份、硫酸锌1~3份和甘氨酸1~3份组成。
进一步,所述步骤(5)中,在开花前进行第一次追肥,沿树冠下环状穴施,每亩追施有机肥70~90kg;45天后进行第二次追肥,每亩追施有机肥60~70kg。
进一步,所述步骤(5)中,当砧木长出枝芽时及时剪除;当接穗的分枝长到15~20cm时,除主枝外留三根分枝,其余分枝全部剪除。
本方案的有益效果为:1、通过园地处理,嫁接,后期管理,种植方法科学合理,成本较低,易于管理,能够提高桃树的产量,且不需要进行砧木和接穗的培育,也不需要进行移栽,节省了大量时间;2、相对于现有技术来说,本方案中的砧木采用4~5年生的毛桃树,采用4~6芽的枝条作为接穗,省去了培育砧木和接穗的时间;3、本发明中使用的基肥有助于砧木的吸收,使砧木移栽后存活率高,砧木选用4至5年树龄的毛桃树,毛桃树生长健壮,根系发达,抗旱耐瘠,毛桃与其他品种亲和力强,有利于提高三个品种的嫁接成活率;4、在嫁接时在嫁接口处喷洒营养液和愈合剂,具有促进形成愈伤、补充营养和防止水分散失的功能,从而达到促进嫁接伤口快速愈合、提高嫁接的成活率的效果;5、本方案中在同一颗砧木上嫁接两个品种的接穗,能提高接穗之间的竞争力,促使接穗快速的成长,同时也能在一棵树上收获两个品种的桃子,提高收益。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式进一步详细的说明:
实施例1:桃树的种植方法,包括以下步骤:(1)整地:选择四周空旷、排水良好、土层深厚且若酸性的沙质壤土作为园地,深耕50cm,每亩地施基肥168kg,基肥按重量份数由以下原料组成:畜禽粪便54kg、尿素24kg、磷肥45kg、砷硒肥12kg、螯合锰9kg、复合氨基酸3kg、杀菌剂3kg和草木灰18kg,再将土地耕匀,使基肥混入土壤中,闲置5天;
(2)砧木选择:以4~5年生的毛桃树作为砧木,毛桃树离地65cm、树干直径为8cm处水平锯断,然后将毛桃树的含根部分移栽到园地中,株距为120cm;
(3)接穗选择:选取树龄为1~2年的黄桃树具有4~6芽的枝条、油桃树具有4~6芽的枝条和水蜜桃树具有4~6芽的枝条作为接穗;
(4)嫁接:在砧木的相对两侧上分别切一个嫁接口,每一个嫁接口中分别插入将黄桃树、油桃树和水蜜桃树三种接穗中的一种,在嫁接口处喷洒营养液和愈合剂,愈合剂按重量份数由萘乙酸40g、吲哚乙酸150g、赤霉素10g和多菌灵20g组成,营养液按重量份数由硝酸铵130g、磷酸二氢钾100g、硫酸亚铁60g、硫酸锌10g和甘氨酸10g组成,对嫁接处进行捆绑,包裹;
(5)后期管理:嫁接之前先给砧木根部浇水,嫁接后每两个月浇一次水,如期间下雨天气多则无需浇水;在开花前进行第一次追肥,沿树冠下环状穴施,每亩追施有机肥70kg;45天后进行第二次追肥,每亩追施有机肥60kg;当砧木长出枝芽时及时剪除;当接穗的分枝长到15~20cm时,除主枝外留三根分枝,其余分枝全部剪除。
实施例2:桃树的种植方法,包括以下步骤:(1)整地:选择四周空旷、排水良好、土层深厚且若酸性的沙质壤土作为园地,深耕55cm,每亩地施基肥187.5kg,基肥按重量份数由以下原料组成:畜禽粪便57kg、尿素25.5kg、磷肥51kg、砷硒肥13.5kg份、螯合锰10.5kg份、复合氨基酸4.5kg份、杀菌剂4.5kg和草木灰21kg,再将土地耕匀,使基肥混入土壤中,闲置6天;
(2)砧木选择:以4~5年生的毛桃树作为砧木,毛桃树离地70cm、树干直径为10cm处水平锯断,然后将毛桃树的含根部分移栽到园地中,株距为130cm;
(3)接穗选择:选取树龄为1~2年的黄桃树具有4~6芽的枝条、油桃树具有4~6芽的枝条和水蜜桃树具有4~6芽的枝条作为接穗;
(4)嫁接:在砧木的相对两侧上分别切一个嫁接口,每一个嫁接口中分别插入将黄桃树、油桃树和水蜜桃树三种接穗中的一种,在嫁接口处喷洒营养液和愈合剂,愈合剂按重量份数由萘乙酸50g、吲哚乙酸200g、赤霉素15g和多菌灵2.5g组成,营养液按重量份数由硝酸铵145g、磷酸二氢钾120g、硫酸亚铁70g、硫酸锌20g和甘氨酸20g组成,对嫁接处进行捆绑,包裹;
(5)后期管理:嫁接之前先给砧木根部浇水,嫁接后每两个月浇一次水,如期间下雨天气多则无需浇水;在开花前进行第一次追肥,沿树冠下环状穴施,每亩追施有机肥80kg;45天后进行第二次追肥,每亩追施有机肥65kg;当砧木长出枝芽时及时剪除;当接穗的分枝长到15~20cm时,除主枝外留三根分枝,其余分枝全部剪除。
实施例3:桃树的种植方法,包括以下步骤:(1)整地:选择四周空旷、排水良好、土层深厚且若酸性的沙质壤土作为园地,深耕60cm,每亩地施基肥210kg,基肥按重量份数由以下原料组成:畜禽粪便60kg、尿素27kg、磷肥60kg、砷硒肥15kg、螯合锰12kg、复合氨基酸6kg、杀菌剂6kg和草木灰24kg,再将土地耕匀,使基肥混入土壤中,闲置7天;
(2)砧木选择:以4~5年生的毛桃树作为砧木,毛桃树离地75cm、树干直径为12cm处水平锯断,然后将毛桃树的含根部分移栽到园地中,株距为140cm;
(3)接穗选择:选取树龄为1~2年的黄桃树具有4~6芽的枝条、油桃树具有4~6芽的枝条和水蜜桃树具有4~6芽的枝条作为接穗;
(4)嫁接:在砧木的相对两侧上分别切一个嫁接口,每一个嫁接口中分别插入将黄桃树、油桃树和水蜜桃树三种接穗中的一种,在嫁接口处喷洒营养液和愈合剂,愈合剂按重量份数由萘乙酸60g、吲哚乙酸250g、赤霉素20g和多菌灵3g组成,营养液按重量份数由硝酸铵160g、磷酸二氢钾140g、硫酸亚铁80g、硫酸锌30g和甘氨酸30g组成,对嫁接处进行捆绑,包裹;
(5)后期管理:嫁接之前先给砧木根部浇水,嫁接后每两个月浇一次水,如期间下雨天气多则无需浇水;在开花前进行第一次追肥,沿树冠下环状穴施,每亩追施有机肥90kg;45天后进行第二次追肥,每亩追施有机肥70kg;当砧木长出枝芽时及时剪除;当接穗的分枝长到15~20cm时,除主枝外留三根分枝,其余分枝全部剪除。

Claims (6)

1.桃树的种植方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)整地:选择四周空旷、排水良好、土层深厚且弱酸性的沙质壤土作为园地,深耕50~60cm,每亩地施基肥168~210kg,再将土地耕匀,使基肥混入土壤中,闲置5~7天;
(2)砧木选择:以4~5年生的毛桃树作为砧木,毛桃树离地65~75cm、树干直径为8~12cm处水平锯断,然后将毛桃树的含根部分移栽到园地中,株距为120~140cm;
(3)接穗选择:选取树龄为1~2年的黄桃树具有4~6芽的枝条、油桃树具有4~6芽的枝条和水蜜桃树具有4~6芽的枝条作为接穗;
(4)嫁接:在砧木的相对两侧上分别切一个嫁接口,每一个嫁接口中分别插入黄桃树、油桃树和水蜜桃树三种接穗中的一种,在嫁接口处喷洒营养液和愈合剂,对嫁接处进行捆绑,包裹;
(5)后期管理:定期浇水、施肥和修枝。
2.根据权利要求1所述的种植方法,其特征在于:所述基肥按重量份数由以下原料组成:畜禽粪便18~20份、尿素8~9份、磷肥15~20份、砷硒肥4~5份、螯合锰3~4份、复合氨基酸1~2份、杀菌剂1~2份和草木灰6~8份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的种植方法,其特征在于:所述愈合剂按重量份数由萘乙酸4~6份、吲哚乙酸15~25份、赤霉素1~2份和多菌灵0.2~0.3份组成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的种植方法,其特征在于:所述营养液按重量份数由硝酸铵13~16份、磷酸二氢钾10~14份、硫酸亚铁6~8份、硫酸锌1~3份和甘氨酸1~3份组成。
5.根据权利要求4所述的种植方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中,在开花前进行第一次追肥,沿树冠下环状穴施,每亩追施有机肥70~90kg;45天后进行第二次追肥,每亩追施有机肥60~70kg。
6.根据权利要求5所述的种植方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(5)中,当砧木长出枝芽时及时剪除;当接穗的分枝长到15~20cm时,除主枝外留三根分枝,其余分枝全部剪除。
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