CN108155895A - A kind of modulation circuit and solid state pulse modulator - Google Patents
A kind of modulation circuit and solid state pulse modulator Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种调制电路以及固态脉冲调制器，其中，第一控制电路与第二控制电路采用主从控制，同步驱动，解决了每个开关管需高压隔离驱动的问题，且具有较好的关断均衡特性。除此，第一反馈支路以及第二反馈支路在检测到开关管的电压大于预设值时，导通该反馈支路，使电流流向开关管的控制端，进而使得开关管的控制端的电流增加，直至开关管的工作点移至输出特性的放大区，实现了对开关管的电压均衡。在此基础上，本方案提供的调制电路还包括箝位元件，保障了开关管的控制端与输出端之间的极间电压不过压损坏。并且，本方案提供的调制电路没有采用功率电阻以及电容，降低了调制电路的整体能耗以及损耗。
The invention provides a modulation circuit and a solid-state pulse modulator, wherein the first control circuit and the second control circuit adopt master-slave control and synchronous drive, which solves the problem that each switching tube needs high-voltage isolation drive, and has better turn-off equalization characteristics. In addition, when the first feedback branch and the second feedback branch detect that the voltage of the switch tube is greater than the preset value, the feedback branch is turned on, so that the current flows to the control terminal of the switch tube, so that the control terminal of the switch tube The current increases until the operating point of the switch tube moves to the amplification area of the output characteristic, and the voltage balance of the switch tube is realized. On this basis, the modulation circuit provided by this solution also includes a clamping element, which ensures that the inter-electrode voltage between the control terminal and the output terminal of the switch tube is not damaged due to overvoltage. Moreover, the modulation circuit provided by this solution does not use power resistors and capacitors, which reduces the overall energy consumption and loss of the modulation circuit.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及电路设计技术领域，更具体地说，涉及一种调制电路以及固态脉冲调制器。The present invention relates to the technical field of circuit design, more specifically, to a modulation circuit and a solid-state pulse modulator.
背景技术Background technique
固态脉冲调制器被广泛的应用在医疗、粒子加速器、雷达发射、工业辐照等多种领域。然而，无论是在粒子加速器领域还是在雷达发射领域，固态脉冲调制器都需要工作在几十千伏，甚至几百千伏的高压下。因此，如图1所示，固态脉冲调制器通常采用多个开关直接串联的方式来满足使用需求。Solid-state pulse modulators are widely used in various fields such as medical treatment, particle accelerators, radar emission, and industrial irradiation. However, whether in the field of particle accelerators or in the field of radar transmission, solid-state pulse modulators need to work at high voltages of tens of kilovolts, or even hundreds of kilovolts. Therefore, as shown in Figure 1, a solid-state pulse modulator usually adopts a method of directly connecting multiple switches in series to meet the usage requirements.
然而，每个开关的最大工作电压为固定值，如3.3kv，因此，为了保证各个开关正常工作，需要对每个开关上的电压进行均衡分配。常用的均压电路如图2所示，通过并联在开关的第一端以及第二端之间。其中，并联于开关管V1和V2两端的Rs1以及Rs2是静态均压电阻，在dv/dt较小时，起均压作用。而动态均压则采用典型的RCD缓冲吸收电路，分别由Rd1、Cd1、Vd1及Rd2、Cd2、Vd2组成，在dv/dt较大时起均压作用。具体的，当开关管关断时，电源经过二极管Vd1向电容Cd1充电，用以抑制作用于开关管的电压变化率和尖峰电压。当开关管导通时，电容Cd1通过电阻Rd1放电，进而限制了开关管IGBT中的开通尖峰电流。However, the maximum operating voltage of each switch is a fixed value, such as 3.3kv. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal operation of each switch, the voltage on each switch needs to be evenly distributed. A commonly used voltage equalizing circuit is shown in Figure 2, which is connected in parallel between the first terminal and the second terminal of the switch. Among them, R s1 and R s2 connected in parallel to the two ends of the switch tubes V 1 and V 2 are static voltage equalizing resistors, which function as voltage equalizing when the dv/dt is small. The dynamic voltage equalization adopts a typical RCD buffer absorption circuit, which is composed of R d1 , C d1 , V d1 and R d2 , C d2 , V d2 respectively, and it acts as a voltage equalizer when the dv/dt is large. Specifically, when the switch tube is turned off, the power supply charges the capacitor C d1 through the diode V d1 to suppress the voltage change rate and peak voltage acting on the switch tube. When the switch tube is turned on, the capacitor C d1 is discharged through the resistor R d1 , thereby limiting the turn-on peak current in the switch tube IGBT.
可见，RCD网络可以有效的支持电压动态均衡，但发明人发现，该均压电路中的无源器件需要能承受高压，因此，通过附加电阻R和RCD网络来进行开关管均压的方法会导致无源元件成本的增加，且增大电路损耗。It can be seen that the RCD network can effectively support voltage dynamic equalization, but the inventors have found that the passive components in the voltage equalization circuit need to be able to withstand high voltage, therefore, the method of performing voltage equalization of the switching tubes through the additional resistor R and the RCD network will lead to The cost of passive components increases and circuit losses increase.
因此，如何提供一种调制电路，使得均压的同时，电路结构简单，成本低，电路耗损低为本领域技术人员亟待解决的一大技术问题。Therefore, how to provide a modulating circuit so that voltage equalization is achieved, the circuit structure is simple, the cost is low, and the circuit loss is low is a major technical problem to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.
发明内容Contents of the invention
有鉴于此，本发明提供了一种调制电路，能够实现开关管的电压均衡，且电路结构简单、成本低、功耗低。In view of this, the present invention provides a modulating circuit, which can realize the voltage balance of the switch tube, and has simple circuit structure, low cost and low power consumption.
为实现上述目的，本发明提供如下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
一种调制电路，包括：电源，脉冲电容，负载以及至少一个调制子电路；A modulation circuit, including: a power supply, a pulse capacitor, a load, and at least one modulation sub-circuit;
所述电源的第一输出端与所述脉冲电容的第一端以及所述调制子电路的输入端相连，所述调制子电路的输出端通过所述负载与所述脉冲电容的第二端以及所述电源的第二输出端相连；The first output terminal of the power supply is connected to the first terminal of the pulse capacitor and the input terminal of the modulation subcircuit, and the output terminal of the modulation subcircuit is connected to the second terminal of the pulse capacitor and the second terminal of the pulse capacitor through the load. The second output terminal of the power supply is connected;
所述调制子电路包括第一控制电路以及至少一个第二控制电路，所述第一控制电路包括第一开关管以及第一反馈支路，所述第二控制电路包括第二开关管以及第二反馈支路，所述第一开关管的控制端与每个所述第二开关管的控制端均电连接，且接收同一驱动信号；The modulation sub-circuit includes a first control circuit and at least one second control circuit, the first control circuit includes a first switch tube and a first feedback branch, the second control circuit includes a second switch tube and a second Feedback branch, the control terminal of the first switching tube is electrically connected to the control terminal of each of the second switching tubes, and receives the same driving signal;
所述第一反馈支路的输入端与所述第一开关管的输入端相连，输出端与所述第一开关管的控制端相连，用于在检测到所述第一开关管的电压大于第一预设值时，导通所述第一反馈支路，使电流流向所述第一开关管的控制端；The input terminal of the first feedback branch is connected to the input terminal of the first switch tube, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the first switch tube, for detecting that the voltage of the first switch tube is greater than When the first preset value is reached, the first feedback branch is turned on, so that the current flows to the control terminal of the first switch tube;
所述第二反馈支路的输入端与所述第二开关管的输入端相连，输出端与所述第二开关管的控制端相连，用于在检测到所述第二开关管的电压大于第二预设值时，导通所述第二反馈支路，使电流流向所述第二开关管的控制端；The input terminal of the second feedback branch is connected to the input terminal of the second switching tube, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the second switching tube, for detecting that the voltage of the second switching tube is greater than When the second preset value is reached, the second feedback branch is turned on, so that the current flows to the control terminal of the second switch tube;
所述第一开关管与每个所述第二开关管均串接，且串联后的支路的输入端作为所述调制子电路的输入端，串联后的支路的输出端作为所述调制子电路的输出端。The first switch tube and each of the second switch tubes are connected in series, and the input end of the branch circuit after series connection is used as the input end of the modulation subcircuit, and the output end of the branch circuit after series connection is used as the modulation subcircuit. output of the subcircuit.
优选的，所述调制子电路还包括：去耦二极管，Preferably, the modulation sub-circuit further includes: a decoupling diode,
所述第一开关管的控制端与所述去耦二极管的阳极相连，所述去耦二极管的阴极与所述第二开关管的控制端相连。The control terminal of the first switch tube is connected to the anode of the decoupling diode, and the cathode of the decoupling diode is connected to the control terminal of the second switch tube.
优选的，所述第一反馈支路包括：稳压元件，Preferably, the first feedback branch includes: a voltage stabilizing element,
所述稳压元件的第一端与所述第一开关管的输入端相连，所述稳压元件的第二端与所述第一开关管的控制端相连。The first end of the voltage stabilizing element is connected to the input end of the first switch tube, and the second end of the voltage stabilizing element is connected to the control end of the first switch tube.
优选的，所述稳压元件包括至少一个稳压二极管。Preferably, the voltage stabilizing element includes at least one voltage stabilizing diode.
优选的，所述第一反馈支路还包括：第一二极管；Preferably, the first feedback branch further includes: a first diode;
所述第一二极管与所述稳压元件串联，且串联后的支路并联在所述第一开关管的输入端与所述第一开关管的控制端之间，所述第一二极管用于阻止所述第一开关管的控制端的电流流向所述第一开关管的输入端。The first diode is connected in series with the voltage stabilizing element, and the series branch is connected in parallel between the input terminal of the first switch tube and the control terminal of the first switch tube, and the first two The pole transistor is used to prevent the current at the control terminal of the first switch tube from flowing to the input terminal of the first switch tube.
优选的，所述第一控制电路还包括：箝位元件，Preferably, the first control circuit further includes: a clamping element,
所述箝位元件并联在所述第一开关管的输出端以及所述第一开关管的控制端之间，用于使所述第一开关管的控制端与所述第一开关管的输出端之间的电压值不大于第三预设值。The clamping element is connected in parallel between the output terminal of the first switch tube and the control terminal of the first switch tube, and is used to make the control terminal of the first switch tube and the output terminal of the first switch tube The voltage value between the terminals is not greater than the third preset value.
优选的，所述箝位元件包括：第一稳压二极管以及第二稳压二极管，Preferably, the clamping element includes: a first Zener diode and a second Zener diode,
所述第一稳压二极管的阳极与所述第二稳压二极管的阳极相连，所述第一稳压二极管的阴极与所述第一开关管的控制端相连，所述第二稳压二极管的阴极与所述第一开关管的输出端相连。The anode of the first zener diode is connected to the anode of the second zener diode, the cathode of the first zener diode is connected to the control terminal of the first switching tube, and the second zener diode The cathode is connected to the output end of the first switching tube.
优选的，所述箝位元件包括：第一稳压电阻，Preferably, the clamping element includes: a first voltage stabilizing resistor,
所述第一稳压电阻的第一端与所述第一开关管的控制端相连，所述第一稳压电阻的第二端与所述第一开关管的输出端相连。The first terminal of the first voltage stabilizing resistor is connected to the control terminal of the first switch tube, and the second terminal of the first voltage stabilizing resistor is connected to the output terminal of the first switch tube.
优选的，所述第一开关管以及所述第二开关管均为绝缘栅双极型晶体管。Preferably, both the first switch transistor and the second switch transistor are insulated gate bipolar transistors.
一种固态脉冲调制器，包括任意一项上述的调制电路。A solid-state pulse modulator, including any one of the modulation circuits mentioned above.
与现有技术相比，本发明所提供的技术方案具有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following advantages:
本发明所提供的一种调制电路中所述第一开关管的控制端与所述每个所述第二开关管的控制端均电连接，且接收同一驱动信号，可见本方案中第一控制电路与第二控制电路采用主从控制，同步驱动，解决了每个开关管需高压隔离驱动的问题，且具有较好的关断均衡特性。In a modulation circuit provided by the present invention, the control terminal of the first switching tube is electrically connected to the control terminal of each of the second switching tubes, and receives the same driving signal. It can be seen that the first control terminal in this solution The circuit and the second control circuit adopt master-slave control and synchronous drive, which solves the problem that each switching tube needs high-voltage isolation drive, and has better turn-off balance characteristics.
除此，第一反馈支路在检测到所述第一开关管的电压大于第一预设值时，导通所述第一反馈支路，使电流流向所述第一开关管的控制端，第二反馈支路在检测到所述第二开关管的电压大于第二预设值时，导通所述第二反馈支路，使电流流向所述第二开关管的控制端，进而使得开关管的控制端的电流增加，直至开关管的工作点移至输出特性的放大区，实现了对开关管的电压均衡。In addition, when the first feedback branch detects that the voltage of the first switch tube is greater than a first preset value, the first feedback branch is turned on, so that the current flows to the control terminal of the first switch tube, When the second feedback branch detects that the voltage of the second switching tube is greater than the second preset value, the second feedback branch is turned on, so that the current flows to the control terminal of the second switching tube, thereby making the switch The current at the control end of the tube increases until the working point of the switch tube moves to the amplification area of the output characteristic, and the voltage balance of the switch tube is realized.
在此基础上，本方案提供的调制电路还包括箝位元件，保障了开关管的控制端与输出端之间的极间电压不过压损坏。并且，本方案提供的调制电路没有采用功率电阻以及电容，降低了调制电路的整体损耗。On this basis, the modulation circuit provided by this solution also includes a clamping element, which ensures that the inter-electrode voltage between the control terminal and the output terminal of the switch tube is not damaged due to overvoltage. Moreover, the modulation circuit provided by this solution does not use power resistors and capacitors, which reduces the overall loss of the modulation circuit.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only It is an embodiment of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the provided drawings without creative work.
图1为现有技术中调制电路的结构示意图；FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a modulation circuit in the prior art;
图2为现有技术中均压电路的结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural diagram of a voltage equalizing circuit in the prior art;
图3为本实施例提供的一种调制电路的具体结构示意图；FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a modulation circuit provided in this embodiment;
图4为本实施例提供的一种调制电路的又一具体结构示意图；FIG. 4 is another specific structural schematic diagram of a modulation circuit provided in this embodiment;
图5为本实施例提供的一种调制电路的又一具体结构示意图；FIG. 5 is another specific structural schematic diagram of a modulation circuit provided in this embodiment;
图6为本实施例还提供的一种调制电路的又一具体结构示意图；FIG. 6 is another specific structural schematic diagram of a modulation circuit provided in this embodiment;
图7为本实施例提供的一种调制电路的又一具体结构示意图；FIG. 7 is another specific structural schematic diagram of a modulation circuit provided in this embodiment;
图8为本实施例提供的一种调制电路的又一具体结构示意图；FIG. 8 is another specific structural schematic diagram of a modulation circuit provided in this embodiment;
图9为本实施例提供的一种调制电路的又一具体结构示意图。FIG. 9 is another specific structural schematic diagram of a modulation circuit provided in this embodiment.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
本发明提供了一种调制电路以及固态脉冲调制器，其中，第一控制电路与第二控制电路采用主从控制，同步驱动，解决了每个开关管需高压隔离驱动的问题，且具有较好的关断均衡特性。除此，第一反馈支路以及第二反馈支路在检测到开关管的电压大于预设值时，导通该反馈支路，使电流流向开关管的控制端，进而使得开关管的控制端的电流增加，直至开关管的工作点移至输出特性的放大区，实现了对开关管的电压均衡。在此基础上，本方案提供的调制电路还包括箝位元件，保障了开关管的控制端与输出端之间的极间电压不过压损坏。并且，本方案提供的调制电路没有采用功率电阻以及电容，降低了调制电路的整体能耗以及损耗。The invention provides a modulation circuit and a solid-state pulse modulator, wherein the first control circuit and the second control circuit adopt master-slave control and synchronous drive, which solves the problem that each switching tube needs high-voltage isolation drive, and has better turn-off equalization characteristics. In addition, when the first feedback branch and the second feedback branch detect that the voltage of the switch tube is greater than the preset value, the feedback branch is turned on, so that the current flows to the control terminal of the switch tube, so that the control terminal of the switch tube The current increases until the operating point of the switch tube moves to the amplification area of the output characteristic, and the voltage balance of the switch tube is realized. On this basis, the modulation circuit provided by this solution also includes a clamping element, which ensures that the inter-electrode voltage between the control terminal and the output terminal of the switch tube is not damaged due to overvoltage. Moreover, the modulation circuit provided by this solution does not use power resistors and capacitors, which reduces the overall energy consumption and loss of the modulation circuit.
请参阅图3，图3为本实施提供的一种调制电路的结构示意图。该调制电路包括电源E，脉冲电容C，负载2以及至少一个调制子电路1。Please refer to FIG. 3 . FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a modulation circuit provided in this implementation. The modulation circuit includes a power supply E, a pulse capacitor C, a load 2 and at least one modulation sub-circuit 1 .
具体的电路连接关系如下：The specific circuit connection relationship is as follows:
所述电源E的第一输出端与所述脉冲电容C的第一端以及所述调制子电路1的输入端相连，所述调制子电路1的输出端通过所述负载2与所述脉冲电容C的第二端以及所述电源E的第二输出端相连；The first output end of the power supply E is connected to the first end of the pulse capacitor C and the input end of the modulation subcircuit 1, and the output end of the modulation subcircuit 1 is connected to the pulse capacitor through the load 2. The second end of C is connected to the second output end of the power supply E;
所述调制子电路1包括第一控制电路10以及至少一个第二控制电路20，所述第一控制电路10包括第一开关管IGBT2以及第一反馈支路101，所述第二控制电路20包括第二开关管IGBT1以及第二反馈支路102，所述第一开关管IGBT2的控制端与每个所述第二开关管IGBT1的控制端均电连接，且接收同一驱动信号；The modulation sub-circuit 1 includes a first control circuit 10 and at least one second control circuit 20, the first control circuit 10 includes a first switching tube IGBT2 and a first feedback branch 101, and the second control circuit 20 includes The second switching tube IGBT1 and the second feedback branch 102, the control terminal of the first switching tube IGBT2 is electrically connected to the control terminal of each of the second switching tube IGBT1, and receives the same driving signal;
所述第一反馈支路101的输入端与所述第一开关管IGBT2的输入端相连，输出端与所述第一开关管IGBT2的控制端相连，用于在检测到所述第一开关管IGBT2的电压大于第一预设值时，导通所述第一反馈支路101，使电流流向所述第一开关管IGBT2的控制端；The input terminal of the first feedback branch 101 is connected to the input terminal of the first switching tube IGBT2, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the first switching tube IGBT2 for detecting that the first switching tube When the voltage of IGBT2 is greater than the first preset value, the first feedback branch 101 is turned on, so that the current flows to the control terminal of the first switching tube IGBT2;
所述第二反馈支路102的输入端与所述第二开关管IGBT1的输入端相连，输出端与所述第二开关管IGBT1的控制端相连，用于在检测到所述第二开关管IGBT1的电压大于第二预设值时，导通所述第二反馈支路102，使电流流向所述第二开关管IGBT1的控制端；The input terminal of the second feedback branch 102 is connected to the input terminal of the second switching tube IGBT1, and the output terminal is connected to the control terminal of the second switching tube IGBT1 for detecting that the second switching tube When the voltage of IGBT1 is greater than the second preset value, the second feedback branch 102 is turned on, so that the current flows to the control terminal of the second switching tube IGBT1;
所述第一开关管IGBT2与每个所述第二开关管IGBT1均串联连接，且串联后的支路的输入端作为所述调制子电路1的输入端，串联后的支路的输出端作为所述调制子电路1的输出端。The first switching tube IGBT2 and each of the second switching tubes IGBT1 are connected in series, and the input end of the series branch is used as the input end of the modulation sub-circuit 1, and the output end of the series branch is used as the The output end of the modulation sub-circuit 1.
其中，在本实施例中，第一控制电路10和第二控制电路20的电路结构完全相同，且，第一反馈支路与第二反馈支路的电路结构和原理也相同，为了区分，故将二者命名为第一控制电路以及第二控制电路，开关管优先采用IGBT管。请参阅图4，本实施例提供的调制电路的均压原理为：反馈支路(第一反馈支路以及第二反馈支路)测量集电极-发射极电压，并通过一个反馈支路(包括第一反馈支路和第二反馈支路，其中，反馈支路可以包括稳压元件)反馈到开关管的控制端(控制端即开关管的栅极)。当集电极-发射极电压超过稳压元件的雪崩击穿电压，则通过耦合作用，电流流入栅极，从而将栅极电压提升，从而使集电极电流增加，直至工作点移至输出特性的放大区。Among them, in this embodiment, the circuit structure of the first control circuit 10 and the second control circuit 20 are completely the same, and the circuit structure and principle of the first feedback branch and the second feedback branch are also the same, in order to distinguish, so The two are named as the first control circuit and the second control circuit, and the switch tube is preferably an IGBT tube. Referring to Fig. 4, the voltage equalization principle of the modulation circuit provided in this embodiment is: the feedback branch (the first feedback branch and the second feedback branch) measures the collector-emitter voltage, and passes through a feedback branch (including The first feedback branch and the second feedback branch, wherein the feedback branch may include a voltage stabilizing element) feed back to the control terminal of the switch tube (the control terminal is the gate of the switch tube). When the collector-emitter voltage exceeds the avalanche breakdown voltage of the voltage regulator element, the current flows into the gate through the coupling effect, thereby increasing the gate voltage, thereby increasing the collector current until the operating point moves to the amplification of the output characteristics Area.
上文介绍了，第一反馈支路和第二反馈支路的结构以及原理均相同，现以第一反馈支路为例，对其工作原理以及电路组成进行介绍。其中，反馈支路的具体实现电路可以如图5所示，即，该反馈支路包括：稳压元件Z，所述稳压元件Z的第一端与所述第一开关管的输入端相连，所述稳压元件的第二端与所述第一开关管的控制端相连。可选的，所述稳压元件可以为一个稳压二极管，也可以为稳压二极管的串联支路，或者为具有稳压功能的其他电路结构。As mentioned above, the structures and principles of the first feedback branch and the second feedback branch are the same. Now, taking the first feedback branch as an example, its working principle and circuit composition are introduced. Wherein, the specific implementation circuit of the feedback branch can be shown in Figure 5, that is, the feedback branch includes: a voltage stabilizing element Z, the first end of the voltage stabilizing element Z is connected to the input end of the first switching tube , the second terminal of the voltage stabilizing element is connected to the control terminal of the first switching tube. Optionally, the voltage stabilizing element may be a voltage stabilizing diode, a series branch of voltage stabilizing diodes, or other circuit structures with a voltage stabilizing function.
除此，所述第一反馈支路还包括：第一二极管Ds，所述第一二极管Ds与所述稳压元件串联，且串联后的支路并联在所述第一开关管的输入端与所述第一开关管的控制端之间，所述第一二极管Ds用于阻止所述第一开关管的控制端的电流流向所述第一开关管的输入端。In addition, the first feedback branch also includes: a first diode Ds, the first diode Ds is connected in series with the voltage stabilizing element, and the series connected branch is connected in parallel with the first switching tube Between the input terminal of the first switch tube and the control terminal of the first switch tube, the first diode Ds is used to prevent the current of the control terminal of the first switch tube from flowing to the input terminal of the first switch tube.
综上，反馈支路包括一个稳压元件Z和一个第一二极管Ds，其中第一二极管Ds可以防止在IGBT开通期间电流从驱动电路流向集电极。To sum up, the feedback branch includes a voltage stabilizing element Z and a first diode Ds, wherein the first diode Ds can prevent the current from flowing from the driving circuit to the collector during the turn-on period of the IGBT.
在上述实施例的基础上，请结合图6，对本实施例提供的调制电路的主从控制原理进行介绍，如下：On the basis of the above embodiments, please introduce the master-slave control principle of the modulation circuit provided by this embodiment in combination with FIG. 6, as follows:
下面的开关管带有完整的驱动电路，包括辅助电源和隔离的控制脉冲输入。上面的开关管的驱动电路除了输出级以外，没有集成其它成分。主开关和从开关之间的去耦是由一个高耐压的二极管来承担的。一旦从开关发射极的电势降到了去耦二极管能开通的点时，它就被开通。当去耦二极管截止时，从开关便关断，进而保证很好的关断均衡。需要说明的是，几个从开关可以被多级连接。The switch tube below has a complete drive circuit, including auxiliary power supply and isolated control pulse input. Except for the output stage, the driving circuit of the switching tube above does not integrate other components. The decoupling between the master switch and the slave switch is undertaken by a high withstand voltage diode. Once the potential from the emitter of the switch drops below the point at which the decoupling diode can turn on, it turns on. When the decoupling diode is turned off, the slave switch is turned off, thereby ensuring a good turn-off balance. It should be noted that several slave switches can be connected in multiple stages.
优选的，如图7所示，所述第一控制电路还包括：箝位元件。Preferably, as shown in FIG. 7 , the first control circuit further includes: a clamping element.
其中，所述箝位元件并联在所述第一开关管的输出端以及所述第一开关管的控制端之间，用于使所述第一开关管的控制端与所述第一开关管的输出端之间的电压值不大于第三预设值。Wherein, the clamping element is connected in parallel between the output terminal of the first switch tube and the control terminal of the first switch tube, for making the control terminal of the first switch tube and the first switch tube The voltage value between the output terminals is not greater than the third preset value.
可选的，如图8所示，所述箝位元件包括：第一稳压二极管以及第二稳压二极管，Optionally, as shown in FIG. 8, the clamping element includes: a first Zener diode and a second Zener diode,
所述第一稳压二极管的阳极与所述第二稳压二极管的阳极相连，所述第一稳压二极管的阴极与所述第一开关管的控制端相连，所述第二稳压二极管的阴极与所述第一开关管的输出端相连。The anode of the first zener diode is connected to the anode of the second zener diode, the cathode of the first zener diode is connected to the control terminal of the first switching tube, and the second zener diode The cathode is connected to the output end of the first switching tube.
或者，所述箝位元件可以为第一稳压电阻，其中，所述第一稳压电阻的第一端与所述第一开关管的控制端相连，所述第一稳压电阻的第二端与所述第一开关管的输出端相连。Alternatively, the clamping element may be a first voltage stabilizing resistor, wherein, the first end of the first voltage stabilizing resistor is connected to the control end of the first switching tube, and the second voltage stabilizing resistor of the first voltage stabilizing resistor The terminal is connected with the output terminal of the first switching tube.
具体的，图8提供的调制电路的工作原理为：Specifically, the working principle of the modulation circuit provided in Figure 8 is:
在IGBT导通之前，通过稳压元件与二极管将IGBT集电极电压反馈到栅极，与栅极箝位部件一起构成IGBT静态均压电路；驱动信号加到IGBT2栅极后，由于主从原理，IGBT2开通的同时IGBT1也同时开通；IGBT2关断，IGBT1也同时关断；IGBT开通后如果集电极-发射极电压超过稳压元件的雪崩击穿电压，则通过耦合作用，电流流入栅极，从而将栅极电压提升，从而使集电极电流增加，直至工作点移至输出特性的放大区，从而达到动态均压的效果。Before the IGBT is turned on, the IGBT collector voltage is fed back to the gate through the voltage stabilizing element and the diode, and together with the gate clamping part, the IGBT static voltage equalization circuit is formed; after the driving signal is applied to the IGBT2 gate, due to the master-slave principle, When IGBT2 is turned on, IGBT1 is also turned on at the same time; IGBT2 is turned off, and IGBT1 is also turned off at the same time; after the IGBT is turned on, if the collector-emitter voltage exceeds the avalanche breakdown voltage of the voltage regulator element, the current flows into the gate through coupling, thereby Raise the gate voltage, so that the collector current increases until the operating point moves to the amplification area of the output characteristics, so as to achieve the effect of dynamic voltage equalization.
栅极箝位部件是为了保护IGBT栅极-发射极的极间电压不过压损坏，栅极箝位部件可以是两只稳压二极管反向连接(如图8所示)，也可以只用一只电阻代替，或者其他能够达到此保护功能的电路。The gate clamping part is to protect the voltage between the gate and the emitter of the IGBT from overvoltage damage. The gate clamping part can be two Zener diodes connected in reverse (as shown in Figure 8), or only one Only resistors can be used instead, or other circuits that can achieve this protection function.
需要说明的是，假设高压直流电源电压为直流2千伏，则IGBT选用1200V耐压等级的IGBT，每只IGBT分得电压为1千伏，则稳压部件Z10和Z11选定雪崩击穿电压为1千伏，设计IGBT驱动电压等级为15V，则栅极箝位元件Z1、Z2、Z3、Z4可以选定18V(稍高于15V)，主从二极管D5需要选择快速且1000V以上耐压的二极管。当然，本实施例只是为了举例说明，本领域技术人员可以根据实际的设计需求，进行选择开关管以及二极管的型号，并不局限于上述举例。It should be noted that, assuming that the high-voltage DC power supply voltage is DC 2 kV, the IGBT is selected as an IGBT with a withstand voltage rating of 1200V, and each IGBT is divided into a voltage of 1 kV, and the avalanche breakdown voltage of the voltage stabilizing components Z10 and Z11 is selected is 1 kV, and the designed IGBT drive voltage level is 15V, then the gate clamping components Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 can be selected as 18V (slightly higher than 15V), and the master-slave diode D5 needs to be fast and withstand voltage above 1000V. diode. Of course, this embodiment is only for illustration, and those skilled in the art can select the type of the switch tube and the diode according to actual design requirements, and are not limited to the above examples.
以上电路是两只IGBT串联的固态脉冲调制器的电路形式，由于快速高压二极管D5有结压降，如果IGBT串联数量太多，必然会降低从IGBT中最后一只IGBT的驱动电压，因此也可以采用如图9中的电路，解决多只串联问题。The above circuit is the circuit form of a solid-state pulse modulator with two IGBTs in series. Since the fast high-voltage diode D5 has a junction voltage drop, if there are too many IGBTs in series, it will inevitably reduce the driving voltage of the last IGBT in the IGBT, so it can also be used. Use the circuit in Figure 9 to solve the problem of multiple series connection.
图9中将每两只IGBT串联电路设计成一个部件(也可以多只IGBT串联电路设计成一个部件)，再将多个部件进行串联，驱动信号采用同步驱动，从而达到更多只IGBT串联的目的，从而使脉冲调制器工作在更高电压等级。In Figure 9, every two IGBT series circuits are designed as one component (multiple IGBT series circuits can also be designed as one component), and then multiple components are connected in series, and the driving signals are driven synchronously, so as to achieve more IGBTs in series The purpose is to make the pulse modulator work at a higher voltage level.
除此，本实施例还提供了一种固态脉冲调制器，包括任意一项上述的调制电路。In addition, this embodiment also provides a solid-state pulse modulator, including any one of the above modulation circuits.
综上所述，本发明所提供的一种调制电路中所述第一开关管的控制端与所述每个所述第二开关管的控制端均电连接，且接收同一驱动信号，可见本方案中第一控制电路与第二控制电路采用主从控制，同步驱动，解决了每个开关管需高压隔离驱动的问题，且具有较好的关断均衡特性。In summary, in the modulation circuit provided by the present invention, the control terminal of the first switching tube is electrically connected to the control terminal of each of the second switching tubes, and receives the same driving signal. It can be seen that this In the scheme, the first control circuit and the second control circuit adopt master-slave control and synchronous drive, which solves the problem that each switching tube needs high-voltage isolation drive, and has better turn-off balance characteristics.
除此，第一反馈支路在检测到所述第一开关管的电压大于第一预设值时，导通所述第一反馈支路，使电流流向所述第一开关管的控制端，第二反馈支路在检测到所述第二开关管的电压大于第二预设值时，导通所述第二反馈支路，使电流流向所述第二开关管的控制端，进而使得开关管的控制端的电流增加，直至开关管的工作点移至输出特性的放大区，实现了对开关管的电压均衡。In addition, when the first feedback branch detects that the voltage of the first switch tube is greater than a first preset value, the first feedback branch is turned on, so that the current flows to the control terminal of the first switch tube, When the second feedback branch detects that the voltage of the second switching tube is greater than the second preset value, the second feedback branch is turned on, so that the current flows to the control terminal of the second switching tube, thereby making the switch The current at the control end of the tube increases until the working point of the switch tube moves to the amplification area of the output characteristic, and the voltage balance of the switch tube is realized.
在此基础上，本方案提供的调制电路还包括箝位元件，保障了开关管的控制端与输出端之间的极间电压不过压损坏。并且，本方案提供的调制电路没有采用功率电阻以及电容，降低了调制电路的整体损耗。On this basis, the modulation circuit provided by this solution also includes a clamping element, which ensures that the inter-electrode voltage between the control terminal and the output terminal of the switch tube is not damaged due to overvoltage. Moreover, the modulation circuit provided by this solution does not use power resistors and capacitors, which reduces the overall loss of the modulation circuit.
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的，本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在其它实施例中实现。因此，本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例，而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts of each embodiment can be referred to each other. The above description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
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| CN108155895B (en) | 2021-05-28 |
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