CN108155255B - 一种高透性薄膜太阳能电池柔性衬底 - Google Patents
一种高透性薄膜太阳能电池柔性衬底 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本案涉及一种高透性薄膜太阳能电池柔性衬底，包括第一衬层和第二衬层；第一衬层含有聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、石英纤维、四氟丙醇；第二衬层含有聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺、聚噻唑、三氯硅烷；第一衬层和第二衬层分别制备，然后挤压融合得到柔性衬底；本发明所提供的薄膜太阳能电池柔性衬底透光性好、性能稳定、使用寿命长，能够用于负载硅基类、化合物类以及染料敏化等多种光电转化薄膜材料，并具有较好的光电转化效率，同时制备工艺简单可行，具有广泛的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于太阳能电池领域，具体涉及一种高透性薄膜太阳能电池柔性衬底。
背景技术
从太阳能电池生产技术的成熟度来区分，太阳能电池可以分为：晶体硅太阳能电池和薄膜太阳能电池。晶体硅太阳能电池是建立在高质量的单晶硅材料和相关的一系列成熟的加工处理工艺基础上，由于其技术相对稳定成熟，光电转换效率高，目前占据着80％以上的太阳能电池市场，但是晶体硅太阳能电池的使用成本很高，光伏发电使用成本约为1.18元/度，远大于煤电的0.5元/度。与晶体硅太阳能电池相比，薄膜太阳能电池多采用非晶硅、多晶硅薄膜或者铟硒化镉等薄膜材料实现光电转换，材料用量少、价格便宜、生产自动化程度高，在原料和制造工艺中大大降低了成本，更重要的一点是，薄膜太阳能电池可以使用柔性衬底，大大扩展了太阳能电池的应用范围，为太阳能电池的发展提供了更广阔的空间。
目前，薄膜太阳电池所选用的柔性衬底包括柔性金属箔和聚合物膜。在柔性衬底材料的选择方面不仅要受到薄膜太阳电池制备工艺的限制，还需要满足热稳定性、真空适应性、热膨胀性能、表面平滑性、化学惰性抗湿性等苛刻的要求。作为柔性薄膜太阳能电池优选材料之一的聚酰亚胺膜，具有重量轻、成本低的优势，但是也因为材料的不透明或者半透明而导致的透光率差，从而使光电转换效率较低。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的不足之处，本发明的目的在于提供一种高透性薄膜太阳能电池柔性衬底。
本发明提供了一种高透性薄膜太阳能电池柔性衬底，包括第一衬层和第二衬层；所述第一衬层含有聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、石英纤维、四氟丙醇；所述第二衬层含有聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺、聚噻唑、三氯硅烷；所述第一衬层和第二衬层分别制备，然后挤压融合得到柔性衬底。
优选的是，所述第一衬层中各组分的重量份如下：
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯70-75份；
石英纤维8-10份；
四氟丙醇20-25份。
优选的是，所述第二衬层中各组分的重量份如下：
优选的是，所述第一衬层的厚度在80-100μm。
优选的是，所述第二衬层的厚度在150-180μm。
优选的是，所述挤压融合的操作温度为160-165℃，时间在5-8秒。
优选的是，所述柔性衬底的厚度在200-250μm。
对本发明及其有益效果的阐述：本发明所提供的薄膜太阳能电池柔性衬底透光性好、性能稳定、使用寿命长，能够用于负载硅基类、化合物类以及染料敏化等多种光电转化薄膜材料，并具有较好的光电转化效率，同时制备工艺简单可行，具有广泛的应用前景；本发明中的柔性薄膜采用瞬间高温融合技术将两层衬层融合为柔性衬底，在保证柔性底层热稳、平滑、抗湿的特性前提下极大的增大了衬底的透光性，同时使衬底的各项指标都有所显著增强；其中第一衬层中选用了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、石英纤维、四氟丙醇三种组分，将原料混合均匀后通过旋涂、印刷或者喷涂的方式形成微米级别的薄膜，高纯度的石英纤维能够增加薄膜的韧性和强度，使其不易折裂，而且通过与四氟丙醇和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的共同作用，使第一衬层的透光性提高；第二衬层中选用了聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺、聚噻唑和三氯硅烷，在聚噻唑和三氯硅烷的改性下，聚酰亚胺的透光性得到改善，而且聚碳酸酯和聚酰亚胺相结合增大了衬底的热稳定性和真空适应性。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明，以令本领域技术人员参照说明书文字能够据以实施。
实施例1
本发明中所涉及的薄膜太阳能电池柔性衬底的制备过程如下(所有操作在真空下完成)：
(1)在玻璃基板上旋涂由75重量份聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、10重量份石英纤维、25重量份四氟丙醇组成的第一衬层，厚度在90μm左右，在60℃下干燥；
(2)在另一玻璃基板上旋涂由45重量份聚碳酸酯、30重量份聚酰亚胺、12重量份聚噻唑和20重量份三氯硅烷组成的第二衬层，厚度在160μm，在60℃下干燥；
(3)在160℃的高温下，将第一衬层和第一衬层融合得到厚度为230μm的柔性衬层。
按照常规技术在柔性衬层上进一步制备得到铜铟硒柔性薄膜太阳能电池。
实施例2
本发明中所涉及的薄膜太阳能电池柔性衬底的制备过程如下(所有操作在真空下完成)：
(1)在玻璃基板上旋涂由70重量份聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、8重量份石英纤维、20重量份四氟丙醇组成的第一衬层混合液，厚度在85μm左右，在60℃下干燥；
(2)在另一玻璃基板上旋涂由40重量份聚碳酸酯、25重量份聚酰亚胺、10重量份聚噻唑和18重量份三氯硅烷组成的第二衬层混合液，厚度在150μm，在60℃下干燥；
(3)在160℃的高温下，将第一衬层和第一衬层融合得到厚度为210μm的柔性衬层。
在本发明限制的范围内将实施例1进行了调整，按照常规技术在柔性衬底上进一步制备得到铜铟硒柔性薄膜太阳能电池。
对比例1
在玻璃基板上旋涂由75重量份聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、10重量份石英纤维、25重量份四氟丙醇、40重量份聚碳酸酯、25重量份聚酰亚胺、10重量份聚噻唑和18重量份三氯硅烷组成的柔性衬底，厚度在230μm左右，60℃下干燥，按照常规技术在柔性衬底上进一步制备得到铜铟硒柔性薄膜太阳能电池。
对比例2
将实施例1的步骤(1)中石英纤维用无色硅胶粉末代替，其余组成和制备与实施例1相同。
对比例3
将实施例1的步骤(1)中四氟丙醇用相同重量的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯代替，其余组成和制备与实施例1相同。
对比例4
将实施例1的步骤(2)中聚碳酸酯用相同重量的聚酰亚胺代替，其余组成和制备与实施例1相同。
对比例5
将实施例1的步骤(2)中三氯硅烷用相同重量的聚噻唑代替，其余组成和制备与实施例1相同。
对比例6
将实施例1的步骤(2)中聚噻唑用相同重量的三氯硅烷代替，其余组成和制备与实施例1相同。
对比例7
市售铜铟硒柔性薄膜太阳能电池及其柔性衬底。
分别测试实施例1-2和对比例1-7中各柔性衬底的透光率和由其制备的铜铟硒柔性薄膜太阳能电池的光电转化效率，每个柔性衬底制作了三批，每批包括20-25个相同工艺制作的样品，每个样品均进行透光率和效率测试，去除其中异常数据后求平均值，分别记录于表1中。
通过表1中的数据能够清晰的看出，按照本发明所制备的柔性衬底的透光性极好，达到94％以上，而且铜铟硒柔性薄膜太阳能电池效率达到18.5％以上，就国内而言具有非常突出的优势；对比例1中将需两步融合的柔性衬底仅混合了各自的原料而一步制备，其透光率较实施例1降低约18％，说明本发明中用高温瞬间融合制备柔性衬底的方法对衬底的透光性具有重要作用，同时对最终太阳能电池产品的转化效率也有重要影响；对比例2-6分别对第一衬层和第二层衬层中的组分进行了调整和改变，可以发现一旦改变其中任一组分，柔性底层的透光率都会下降，甚至由其制备的薄膜电池的转化效率也会降低，各衬层中的各组分在整个衬底体系中产生了协同作用，只有通过彼此的相互作用才能有效增强其透光率；通过实施例1和对比例7的测试结果比较，可以发现，本发明所制备的柔性衬底及薄膜太阳能电池在衬底透光率和转化效率上较同类产品有很大提高。
表1
| 柔性衬底及薄膜电池 | 透光率(％) | 效率(％) |
| 实施例1 | 94.8 | 18.8 |
| 实施例2 | 94.2 | 18.4 |
| 对比例1 | 77.4 | 14.5 |
| 对比例2 | 83.8 | 15.7 |
| 对比例3 | 86.5 | 17.2 |
| 对比例4 | 82.0 | 15.2 |
| 对比例5 | 84.7 | 16.1 |
| 对比例6 | 85.3 | 16.8 |
| 对比例7 | 75.5 | 14.9 |
尽管本发明的实施方案已公开如上，但其并不仅仅限于说明书和实施方式中所列运用，它完全可以被适用于各种适合本发明的领域，对于熟悉本领域的人员而言，可容易地实现另外的修改，因此在不背离权利要求及等同范围所限定的一般概念下，本发明并不限于特定的细节。
Claims (6)
1.一种高透性薄膜太阳能电池柔性衬底，其特征在于，包括第一衬层和第二衬层；所述第一衬层含有聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、石英纤维、四氟丙醇；所述第二衬层含有聚碳酸酯、聚酰亚胺、聚噻唑、三氯硅烷；所述第一衬层和第二衬层分别制备，然后挤压融合得到柔性衬底；
所述第一衬层中各组分的重量份如下：
聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 70-75份；
石英纤维 8-10份；
四氟丙醇 20-25份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柔性衬底，其特征在于，所述第二衬层中各组分的重量份如下：
3.根据权利要求1所述的柔性衬底，其特征在于，所述第一衬层的厚度在80-100μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的柔性衬底，其特征在于，所述第二衬层的厚度在150-180μm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的柔性衬底，其特征在于，所述挤压融合的操作温度为160-165℃，时间在5-8秒。
6.根据权利要求1所述的柔性衬底，其特征在于，所述柔性衬底的厚度在200-250μm。
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| CN103155174A (zh) * | 2010-08-07 | 2013-06-12 | 伊诺瓦动力有限公司 | 具有表面嵌入的添加剂的装置组件和相关的制造方法 |
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