CN108152352B - Device and method for monitoring organic pollution of underground water based on microbial fuel cell - Google Patents
Device and method for monitoring organic pollution of underground water based on microbial fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 94
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003895 groundwater pollution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002957 persistent organic pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000027756 respiratory electron transport chain Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for monitoring organic pollution of groundwater based on a microbial fuel cell, which belong to the technical field of water environment monitoring and comprise a device body, a water inlet pipe communicated with the device body and a battery device arranged in the device body; the battery device comprises an anode chamber and a cathode chamber which are connected through a lead, and a current monitoring device is arranged between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber; the top and the bottom of the device body are both open, and the bottom of the device body is inserted into groundwater sediment; one end of the water inlet pipe is arranged in the underground water, and the other end of the water inlet pipe is communicated with the device body; the device can complete real-time in-situ monitoring of underground water, is suitable for in-situ field work, and has high monitoring precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water environment monitoring, and particularly relates to a device and a method for monitoring underground water organic pollution based on a microbial fuel cell.
Background
Shallow underground wells are a major source of drinking water for many rural and suburban communities, and shallow wells in communities are highly susceptible to fecal contamination or domestic sewage because they are easily chiseled in communities where humans live. Therefore, the real-time monitoring of the water quality of the shallow water well is necessary, and the influence on the normal healthy life of suburban residents can be avoided.
Conventional indexes for monitoring the quality of underground water include Dissolved Oxygen (DO), biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), nitrogen (N) pollution load and the like, and in the traditional monitoring method, the index measurement can only be carried out at fixed time and in a laboratory, the outdoor real-time monitoring of the quality of the water can not be carried out, the operation is complex, the time and the labor are wasted, the requirements on monitoring personnel are high, the reproducibility is poor, the operation limitation is high, the monitoring feasibility is limited, and the monitoring cost is high. Therefore, research on how to effectively and quickly monitor water quality in real time is a very hot topic today.
According to the invention, by searching, chinese patent CN201510126394X discloses a sensor system of a submarine sediment layer biofuel cell for in-situ monitoring of organic pollutant degradation, the system utilizes the electrocatalytic degradation effect of the submarine biofuel cell as a design principle, namely bacteria in the submarine sediment layer continuously decompose organic pollutants (such as petroleum pollutants) to generate electrons, a negative electrode is placed in sea mud, a positive electrode is placed in sea water, the electrons are transferred to the negative electrode through attaching the bacteria and then transferred to the positive electrode through a lead, continuous current and voltage signals in a test system can be formed, petroleum pollution degradation effect can be monitored and evaluated in situ according to the correlation of the current size and the pollutant system degradation rate, and petroleum degradation efficiency can be improved. However, the patent mainly aims at monitoring the organic pollution of the seabed deposition layer, and although the monitoring of the organic pollution of the seabed deposition layer can be solved in principle, in actual operation, the arrangement of a system device is needed, and particularly in order to realize in-situ real-time monitoring of the organic pollution at the present stage, the invention does not fully describe the specific process of in-situ real-time monitoring, is unfavorable for the operation of actual scenes, and has great limitation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the traditional detection method cannot carry out outdoor real-time monitoring on water quality, is complex in operation, time-consuming and labor-consuming, has higher requirements on monitoring personnel, has poor repeatability and higher operation limitation, limits the feasibility of monitoring, and has high monitoring cost; the invention provides a device for monitoring underground water organic pollution based on a microbial fuel cell, which can complete real-time in-situ monitoring of underground water, is suitable for in-situ on-site work and has high monitoring precision; the invention provides a method for monitoring organic pollution of groundwater based on a microbial fuel cell, which can monitor the groundwater in situ in real time and has high monitoring precision.
The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the above object, the device for monitoring organic pollution of groundwater based on a microbial fuel cell of the invention comprises a device body, a water inlet pipe communicated with the device body and a battery device arranged in the device body; the battery device comprises an anode chamber and a cathode chamber which are connected through a lead, and a current monitoring device is arranged between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber; the top and the bottom of the device body are both open, and the bottom of the device body is inserted into groundwater sediment; one end of the water inlet pipe is arranged in the underground water, and the other end of the water inlet pipe is communicated with the device body; the anode chamber is placed in the bottom mud in the device body, and the cathode chamber is placed in the groundwater in the device body.
Further, a peristaltic pump is arranged on the water inlet pipe.
Further, an overflow weir is arranged on the outer side of the top of the device body.
Further, an external resistor is arranged between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, and the external resistor is connected with the current monitoring device in series.
Further, the anode chamber and the cathode chamber are both made of graphite felt, and the outside of the graphite felt is coated by a stainless steel net.
Further, a temperature measuring device is included, the temperature measuring device including a temperature measuring instrument and a temperature measuring probe.
A method for monitoring organic pollution of groundwater based on a microbial fuel cell, comprising the steps of:
the first step: the device for monitoring the organic pollution of the underground water based on the microbial fuel cell is built in situ;
and a second step of: the bottom of the device body is placed in the ground water sediment, and the anode chambers are all placed in the sediment in the device body;
and a third step of: then throwing crushed stone into the device body, and paving a crushed stone layer at the inner bottom of the device body;
fourth step: the underground water is discharged into the device body through the peristaltic pump, the in-situ underground water continuously flows in the device body, and when the underground water overflows the top of the device body, the underground water flows out of the overflow weir;
fifth step: the current is monitored in real time through the current monitoring device, so that the current situation of groundwater pollution is monitored in situ in real time.
Further, in the experimental process, the current monitoring device is placed in the incubator, and the temperature in the incubator is ensured to be 20-25 ℃.
Further, the thickness of the crushed stone layer is 0.1-0.2 m.
Further, the particle size of broken stone of the broken stone layer is 5-10 mm.
The beneficial effects are that:
compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. according to the device for monitoring the organic pollution of the underground water based on the microbial fuel cell, the device body is placed in the in-situ underground water, and the underground water is introduced into the device body in real time through the water inlet pipe and the peristaltic pump, so that the underground water in the device body can be continuously replaced, organic matters in the sewage are taken as electron donors, protons and electrons are generated by decomposition under the action of microorganisms, and electron transfer is formed between electrodes, so that current is formed, the concentration of the organic matters in the sewage can influence the electricity generation capacity of the microbial fuel cell, the characteristic of the microbial fuel cell is fully utilized, and the continuous and real-time in-situ monitoring of the organic pollution condition of the underground water is realized;
2. the device for monitoring the organic pollution of the groundwater based on the microbial fuel cell disclosed by the invention utilizes the characteristic that the groundwater sediment is rich in a large amount of microorganisms, so that the reaction of the microbial fuel cell to the pollution is effectively enhanced, and the microbial fuel cell can monitor the water quality, and meanwhile, the microbial fuel cell can not produce secondary pollution, consume organic matters in the water and further repair the groundwater quality;
3. according to the device for monitoring the organic pollution of the groundwater based on the microbial fuel cell, the device body is adopted, the battery device is arranged in the device body, the device body plays a role in protecting the battery device, and electrodes and wires in the battery device cannot be damaged due to the influence of rapid flow and the like, so that the working stability of the battery device is further improved, the current monitoring device can stably monitor current signals, and the monitoring precision is further improved;
4. the method for monitoring the organic pollution of the underground water based on the microbial fuel cell fully illustrates the specific process of in-situ real-time monitoring, is beneficial to the operation of actual scenes and has expandability;
5. according to the method for monitoring the organic pollution of the groundwater based on the microbial fuel cell, after the device is fixed, broken stone is put into the device from the top to the bottom, and the broken stone has a good interception effect on the bottom mud, so that the phenomenon of floating of the bottom mud in the real-time monitoring process is prevented, and the monitoring precision is further improved;
6. according to the method for monitoring the organic pollution of the underground water based on the microbial fuel cell, in order to eliminate the influence of temperature on the monitoring precision, a current monitoring device is required to be placed in an incubator in the experimental process, so that the instrument is ensured to operate under the environmental condition of 20-25 ℃, and the monitoring precision is further improved;
7. according to the invention, the titanium wire is used as a lead, so that the resistance of the titanium wire is small, the current loss is reduced, and the monitoring is more sensitive; graphite felt is selected for the cathode and anode, a stainless steel net is also used as a current collector, and the electron transfer rate is accelerated;
8. the invention can monitor the organic pollution of the underground water in real time and in situ, has simple operation, low operation cost and low selected cost, and has great popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of the relationship between system current variation and groundwater pollution organic load.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a device body; 2. a water inlet pipe; 3. and (5) conducting wires. 4. An anode chamber. 5. A cathode chamber. 6. And a current monitoring device. 7. And overflow weir. 8. Peristaltic pump. 9. An external resistance. 10. A temperature measuring device. 11. A crushed stone layer.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and examples.
Embodiment one:
an apparatus for monitoring organic pollution of groundwater based on a microbial fuel cell of this embodiment, referring to fig. 1, includes an apparatus body 1, a water inlet pipe 2 communicating with the apparatus body 1, and a battery device disposed in the apparatus body 1;
the device body 1 is adopted, the electrode and the lead of the battery device are arranged in the device body 1, the device body 1 plays a role in protecting the battery device, and the electrode cannot be unstable in work due to the influence of objective factors such as rapid flow and the like; one end of the water inlet pipe 2 is placed in the underground water through the water inlet pipe 2, the other end of the water inlet pipe 2 is communicated with the device body 1, a peristaltic pump 8 is arranged on the water inlet pipe 2, and the underground water in the device body 1 can be continuously replaced in real time through the peristaltic pump 8, so that real-time in-situ monitoring is completed;
the battery device comprises an anode chamber 4 and a cathode chamber 5 which are connected through a lead 3, and further comprises a current monitoring device 6, wherein the current monitoring device 6 is arranged between the anode chamber 4 and the cathode chamber 5, an external resistor 9 is arranged between the anode chamber 4 and the cathode chamber 5, the external resistor 9 is connected with the current monitoring device 6 in series, and the current monitoring device 6 can monitor the current and the current passing through the external resistor 9 so as to complete the monitoring of the running current of the system;
the top and the bottom of the device body 1 are both open, the bottom of the device body 1 is inserted into the bottom mud, the bottom of the device body 1 is filled with the bottom mud, and groundwater is stored above the bottom mud;
the anode chamber 4 is all arranged in the bottom mud in the device body 1, the cathode chamber 5 is all arranged in the underground water in the device body 1, and the current monitoring device 6 is arranged in the air, so that microorganisms in the bottom mud degrade organic pollutants, the organic pollutants generate electrons and protons, the electrons are attached in the anode chamber 4 along with bacteria and are transmitted to the cathode chamber 5 along with wires, current is generated, the current monitoring device 6 can monitor the current, and the monitoring of the organic pollution condition of the underground water can be completed in real time.
Embodiment two:
according to the device for monitoring organic pollution of underground water based on the microbial fuel cell, firstly, the overflow weir 7 is arranged on the outer side of the top of the device body 1, when the peristaltic pump 8 on the water inlet pipe 2 is adopted to continuously replace the underground water in the device body 1 in real time, the underground water can be discharged through the overflow weir 7 when the underground water overflows the top of the device body 1, and therefore the problem that the working stability of a battery device is influenced due to overfilling of the underground water in the device body 1 is solved.
Embodiment III:
in the device for monitoring the organic pollution of the groundwater based on the microbial fuel cell of the embodiment, based on the second embodiment, in order to further improve the monitoring precision of the current, the resistance value of the external resistor 9 is set to be 50-100 omega, and the anode chamber 4 and the cathode chamber 5 are both made of graphite felt with the thickness of 10-20 mm as electrode materials, and in order to prevent the electrode materials from being corroded in the groundwater and the substrate sludge, the graphite felt is coated by a stainless steel mesh; the current monitoring device 6 comprises a data logger which monitors the current through the external resistor.
Embodiment four:
the device for monitoring organic pollution of groundwater based on a microbial fuel cell of the embodiment comprises a temperature measuring device 10 based on the third embodiment, wherein the temperature measuring device 10 comprises a temperature measuring instrument and a temperature measuring probe, the temperature measuring probe is arranged in groundwater in a device body 1, the temperature measuring device 10 is used for measuring the temperature of the groundwater, the stability of the temperature of the monitored environment is guaranteed, and the monitoring precision is further improved; in addition, the lead 6 between the cathode chamber 5 and the anode chamber 4 adopts titanium wires, so that the monitoring precision is improved.
Fifth embodiment:
the method for monitoring the organic pollution of the underground water based on the microbial fuel cell comprises the steps of firstly selecting a monitoring area to perform the current condition monitoring of the organic pollution of the underground water; then, an in-situ device for monitoring the organic pollution of the underground water based on the microbial fuel cell is built, the device for monitoring the organic pollution of the underground water based on the microbial fuel cell is required to reasonably set the size of the device according to the in-situ actual measurement of the depth of the underground water, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, the bottom of the device body 1 is inserted into groundwater sediment, so that the top of the device body 1 is positioned above groundwater, and because the top and the bottom of the device body 1 are both open, groundwater is stored above the inside of the device body 1, and the sediment is stored below the inside of the device body 1; in the process, the bottom of the device body 1 is inserted into the groundwater sediment, so that the distance between the bottom of the device body 1 and the junction between the sediment and the groundwater is 0.5-1 m;
the battery device is arranged in the device body 1, the battery device comprises an anode chamber 4 and a cathode chamber 5 which are connected through a lead 3, a current monitoring device 6 is arranged between the anode chamber 4 and the cathode chamber 5, specifically, the anode chamber 4 is completely arranged in bottom mud, and the cathode chamber 5 is completely arranged in groundwater;
then putting crushed stone into the device body 1, paving a crushed stone layer 11 at the inner bottom of the device body 1, wherein the particle size of the crushed stone is 5-10 mm, and the thickness of the crushed stone layer is 0.1-0.2 m so as to prevent the bottom mud from floating upwards in the real-time monitoring process;
one end of a water inlet pipe 2 is placed in the outside in-situ groundwater of the device body 1, the other end of the water inlet pipe 2 is communicated with the bottom of the device body 1, a peristaltic pump 8 is arranged on the water inlet pipe 2, the flow speed of the peristaltic pump 8 is set to be 3-5 mL/min, the groundwater in the device body 1 can be replaced at any time through the peristaltic pump 8, and the in-situ real-time monitoring of the current situation of organic pollution of the groundwater is realized; an overflow weir 7 is arranged on the outer side of the top of the device body 1, and when the underground water overflows the top of the device body 1 when the underground water is replaced for the device body 1 through the water inlet pipe 2 in real time, the underground water flows out to a monitoring area through the overflow weir 7;
the current is monitored in real time through the current monitoring device 6, so that the current situation of groundwater pollution is monitored in situ in real time.
Example six:
in order to eliminate the influence of temperature on monitoring precision in the system operation process, a current monitoring device is required to be placed in a constant temperature box in the experiment process, so that the instrument is ensured to operate under the environmental condition of 20-25 ℃.
Embodiment seven:
according to the method for monitoring the organic pollution of the underground water based on the microbial fuel cell, based on the sixth embodiment, during in-situ actual measurement, firstly, the size of a device for monitoring the organic pollution of the underground water based on the microbial fuel cell is reasonably set, depth measurement needs to be carried out on the in-situ water, and after the depth of the underground water is determined, the height of the device, the opening size of the device, the bottom size of the device, the electrode size, the electrode spacing, the length of a wire, the size of a water pipe and other parameters are reasonably set.
In this embodiment, first, the groundwater which is not polluted by the organic matters is monitored in real time, and a device for monitoring the current situation of the organic pollution of the groundwater based on the microbial fuel cell is built in real time in combination with fig. 1.
The device body is made of organic glass with the diameter of 1.2m and the height of 12m, the height of the ground water cathode is 10.8m, the height of the crushed stone layer is 0.2m, the height of the sediment is 1m, the particle size of crushed stone is 5-6 mm, and the effect of the crushed stone layer 11 is to effectively prevent the sediment from floating upwards so as not to influence real-time monitoring.
The microbial fuel cell consists of an anode chamber 4 and a cathode chamber 5, the cathode chamber 5 is immersed in underground water for generating good oxidation-reduction potential, the anode chamber 4 is completely arranged in bottom mud, the interval between the anode and the cathode is 9-10 m, the anode and the cathode are connected through titanium wires, and a current monitoring device 6 which is arranged in a sealing way is connected for current monitoring of the system.
The anode chamber 4 and the cathode chamber 5 are connected through titanium wires, and an external resistor 9 of 50 omega is additionally arranged between the two electrodes in order to accelerate the formation of an electrogenesis biological film in the system.
Immersing the cathode chamber and the probe of the temperature measuring device 10 in underground water, starting the system to operate, and placing a data recorder into an incubator in the experimental process to ensure that the instrument operates under the environmental condition of 20 ℃ in order to eliminate the influence of temperature on the monitoring precision;
when the system is in operation, after the device is fixed, groundwater to be monitored is discharged into the device body 1 from the bottom of the groundwater layer through the peristaltic pump 8, the flow speed of the peristaltic pump 8 is 5mL/min, and after the groundwater passes through the top of the device, the groundwater flows out from the overflow weir 7.
After the whole system can start to run, the microbial fuel cell needs 3 days of stable time, and after 3 days, the microbial fuel cell can stably supply power to carry out long-term discharge. After the microbial fuel cell is stable, testing to obtain the average current of the polluted groundwater monitoring system to be 0.09+/-0.06 mA;
embodiment seven:
according to the method for monitoring the organic pollution of the underground water based on the microbial fuel cell, based on the sixth embodiment, during in-situ actual measurement, firstly, the size of a device for monitoring the organic pollution of the underground water based on the microbial fuel cell is reasonably set, depth measurement needs to be carried out on the in-situ water, and after the depth of the underground water is determined, the height of the device, the opening size of the device, the bottom size of the device, the electrode size, the electrode spacing, the length of a wire, the size of a water pipe and other parameters are reasonably set.
In the embodiment, firstly, the groundwater with the organic load range of 100-300 mg/L is monitored in real time, and a device based on the current situation of the organic pollution of the groundwater is built in real time by combining with FIG. 1.
The device body 1 is made of organic glass with the height of phi 1m and the height of 10m, the device body 1 is respectively ground water, a crushed stone layer and bottom mud from top to bottom, the height of the ground water is 8.9m, the height of the crushed stone layer is 0.1m, and the height of the bottom mud is 1m; wherein the particle size of the crushed stone is 6-8 mm, and the effect of the crushed stone layer 11 is to effectively prevent the bottom mud from floating upwards so as not to influence the real-time monitoring.
The microbial fuel cell consists of an anode chamber 4 and a cathode chamber 5, the cathode chamber 5 is immersed in underground water for generating good oxidation-reduction potential, the anode chamber 4 is completely arranged in bottom mud, the interval between the anode and the cathode is 8-9 m, the anode and the cathode are connected through titanium wires, and a high-precision current monitoring device which is arranged in a sealing way is connected for current monitoring of the system.
Wherein the anode and cathode chambers 4 and 5 use a graphite felt of 15mm as an electrode material, and are coated with a stainless steel mesh outside the anode and cathode in order to enhance the transfer rate of electrons. The anode chamber 4 and the cathode chamber 5 are connected through titanium wires, and an external resistor 9 of 80 omega is additionally arranged between the two electrodes in order to accelerate the formation of an electrogenesis biological film in the system.
Immersing a probe of a temperature measuring device in underground water, starting running the system, and placing a current monitoring device in an incubator in the experimental process to ensure that the instrument runs under the environmental condition of 23 ℃ in order to eliminate the influence of temperature on monitoring precision;
when the system runs, after the device is fixed, groundwater to be monitored is discharged into the device from the bottom of the groundwater layer through a peristaltic pump, the flow speed of the peristaltic pump is 4mL/min, and after the groundwater passes through the top of the device, the groundwater flows out of the overflow weir.
After the whole system can start to run, the microbial fuel cell needs 3 days of stable time, and after 3 days, the microbial fuel cell can stably supply power to carry out long-term discharge. After the microbial fuel cell is stable, the current amount of the polluted ground water monitoring system obtained by testing is 0.48+/-0.23 mA on average.
Example eight:
according to the method for monitoring the organic pollution of the underground water based on the microbial fuel cell, based on the seventh embodiment, during in-situ actual measurement, firstly, the size of a device for monitoring the organic pollution of the underground water based on the microbial fuel cell is reasonably set, depth measurement needs to be carried out on the in-situ water, and after the depth of the underground water is determined, the height of the device, the opening size of the device, the bottom size of the device, the electrode size, the electrode spacing, the length of a wire, the size of a water pipe and other parameters are reasonably set.
In the embodiment, the underground sewage with the (underground water) organic load range of 300-500 mg/L is monitored in real time, and a device based on the real-time monitoring of the current situation of the organic pollution of the underground water by a microbial fuel cell is built in combination with fig. 1.
The device body 1 is made of organic glass with the diameter of 0.8m and the height of 8m, the device body 1 is respectively ground water, a gravel layer and bottom mud from top to bottom, the height of the ground water is 7.3m, the height of the gravel layer is 0.2m, and the height of the bottom mud is 0.5m; wherein the particle size of the crushed stone is 8-10 mm, and the effect of the crushed stone layer 11 is to effectively prevent the bottom mud from floating upwards so as not to influence the real-time monitoring.
The microbial fuel cell consists of an anode chamber 4 and a cathode chamber 5, the cathode chamber 5 is immersed in underground water for generating good oxidation-reduction potential, the anode chamber 4 is completely arranged in bottom mud, the interval between the anode and the cathode is 7-8 m, the anode and the cathode are connected through titanium wires, and a high-precision current monitoring device which is arranged in a sealing way is connected for current monitoring of the device.
Wherein the anode chamber 4 and the cathode chamber 5 use 20mm graphite felt as electrode material, and are coated with stainless steel mesh outside the anode and the cathode in order to enhance the transfer rate of electrons; the anode chamber 4 and the cathode chamber 5 are connected through titanium wires, and an external resistor 9 of 100 omega is additionally arranged between the two electrodes in order to accelerate the formation of an electrogenesis biological film in the system.
Immersing a probe of a temperature measuring device in underground water, starting running the system, and placing a current monitoring device in an incubator in the experimental process to ensure that the instrument runs under the environmental condition of 23 ℃ in order to eliminate the influence of temperature on monitoring precision; immersing the cathode chamber and the temperature measuring probe in underground water, starting the system to operate, and placing the current monitoring device in an incubator in the experimental process to ensure that the instrument operates under the environmental condition of 25 ℃ in order to eliminate the influence of temperature on the monitoring precision;
when the system runs, after the device is fixed, groundwater to be monitored is discharged into the device from the bottom of the groundwater layer through a peristaltic pump, the flow speed of the peristaltic pump is 3mL/min, and after the groundwater passes through the top of the device, the groundwater flows out of the overflow weir.
After the whole system can start to run, the microbial fuel cell needs 5 days of stable time, after 5 days, the microbial fuel cell can stably supply power for long-term discharge, and after the microbial fuel cell is stable, the current amount of the polluted groundwater monitoring system obtained through testing is 0.99+/-0.28 mA on average.
Example nine:
in the method for monitoring organic pollution of groundwater based on a microbial fuel cell of this embodiment, referring to fig. 2, a graph of a relation between a change in system current and an organic load of the organic pollution of groundwater is shown, wherein an abscissa axis of fig. 2 represents a concentration of COD in organic wastewater, and an ordinate axis represents a current I measured by a recorder, so that a fitting equation of the COD concentration and the change in the current I in the organic wastewater is y=0.0025 x-0.07295.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the invention, it being noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that numerous modifications and variations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention, and such modifications and variations are to be regarded as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for monitoring organic pollution of groundwater based on a microbial fuel cell, comprising the steps of:
the first step: setting up a device for monitoring organic pollution of underground water based on a microbial fuel cell in situ;
the device for monitoring the organic pollution of the underground water based on the microbial fuel cell comprises a device body (1), a water inlet pipe (2) communicated with the device body (1) and a battery device arranged in the device body (1);
the battery device comprises an anode chamber (4) and a cathode chamber (5) which are connected through a lead (3), wherein a current monitoring device (6) and an external resistor (9) are arranged between the anode chamber (4) and the cathode chamber (5), and the external resistor (9) is connected with the current monitoring device (6) in series; the top and the bottom of the device body (1) are both open, the bottom of the device body (1) is inserted into groundwater sediment, and an overflow weir (7) is arranged on the outer side of the top of the device body (1); one end of the water inlet pipe (2) is arranged in the underground water, the other end of the water inlet pipe (2) is communicated with the device body (1), and a peristaltic pump (8) is arranged on the water inlet pipe (2); the anode chamber (4) is arranged in bottom mud in the device body (1), and the cathode chamber (5) is arranged in groundwater in the device body (1); the anode chamber (4) and the cathode chamber (5) are both made of graphite felt electrodes, and the graphite felt electrodes are coated by stainless steel meshes;
the device for monitoring the organic pollution of the underground water based on the microbial fuel cell further comprises a temperature measuring device (10), wherein the temperature measuring device (10) comprises a temperature measuring instrument and a temperature measuring probe, the cathode chamber (5) and the temperature measuring probe are immersed in the underground water to start to operate, and in order to eliminate the influence of temperature on the monitoring precision, the current monitoring device (6) is required to be arranged in an incubator in the experimental process;
and a second step of: the bottom of the device body (1) is placed in groundwater sediment, and the anode chamber (4) is completely placed in the sediment in the device body (1);
and a third step of: then, putting broken stone into the device body (1), and paving a broken stone layer (11) at the inner bottom of the device body (1);
fourth step: groundwater is discharged into the device body (1) through the peristaltic pump (8), the groundwater in situ continuously flows in the device body (1), and when the groundwater overflows the top of the device body (1), the groundwater flows out from the overflow weir (7);
fifth step: the current is monitored in real time through a current monitoring device (6), so that the current situation of groundwater pollution is monitored in situ in real time; in the experimental process, the current monitoring device (6) is placed in the incubator, and the temperature in the incubator is ensured to be 20-25 ℃.
2. The method for monitoring organic pollution of groundwater based on a microbial fuel cell according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of said crushed stone layer (11) is 0.1-0.2 m.
3. The method for monitoring organic pollution of groundwater based on a microbial fuel cell according to claim 2, wherein the particle size of crushed stone of the crushed stone layer (11) is 5-10 mm.
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| CN102659237A (en) * | 2012-05-03 | 2012-09-12 | 合肥工业大学 | Method for repairing polluted underground water in situ by using microbiological fuel cell technology |
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