CN108147815B - 一种钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN108147815B
CN108147815B CN201711479438.2A CN201711479438A CN108147815B CN 108147815 B CN108147815 B CN 108147815B CN 201711479438 A CN201711479438 A CN 201711479438A CN 108147815 B CN108147815 B CN 108147815B
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王卓
肖雨佳
王添
念雯雯
陈浩楠
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Abstract

本发明提供一种钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料及其制备方法,包括如下步骤:1.纯相的陶瓷粉体制备,将所有称量的粉体混合均匀形成全配料;将全配料依次进行球磨、烘干和过筛,形成过筛后的出料为纯相的陶瓷粉体;2.将纯相的陶瓷粉体通过冷等静压压块制成试样,并将制好的试样进行烧结得到烧结试样;3.依次打磨和清洗烧结试样,在打磨和清洗后的烧结试样正反两面均匀涂覆电极浆料,将涂覆电极的试样进行烧结得到与纯相的陶瓷粉体对应的钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料。本发明能够增强钨青铜型单相陶瓷的铁电性和铁磁性。本发明制备的钨青铜型陶瓷材料,可以提高陶瓷的纯度,改善陶瓷的晶粒形貌,使得陶瓷的多铁性能得到极大地改善。

Description

一种钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及功能陶瓷材料,具体为一种钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
多铁性材料是指材料中包含两种及两种以上铁性材料的基本性能,这些铁性的基本性能包括铁电性(反铁电性),铁磁性(反铁磁性、亚铁磁性) 和铁弹性。多铁性材料是一种集电性能与磁性能于一身的多功能材料。多铁性材料不但具备各种单一的铁性(如铁电性、铁磁性),而且通过铁性的耦合复合协同作用,可以通过磁场控制电极化或者通过电场控制磁极化。它同时还具有一些新的效应,大大拓宽了铁性材料的应用范围。因为钨青铜型结构铁电体是仅次于钙铁矿型的第二大类铁电体,以其自身优异的铁电、压电、铁磁性等性能,被广泛应用于电容器、存储器、驱动器和探测器等领域,使得钨青铜型多铁材料的研究成为科学界的一股热潮。因而,钨青铜体系受到了人们的广泛关注,近年来,在钨青铜的铌酸盐体系中发现了一系列高介电常数(ε=120~180)、低介电损耗(tanδ=10-4)的介电陶瓷。因此,人们开展了大量卓有成效的研究,合成了许多新的正交、四方晶系的钨青铜晶体。
就目前而言,几乎所有的钨青铜结构陶瓷是不具有铁磁性的,但在Ba4- 2xCa2xSm2Fe2Nb8O30中B位元素加入Fe会因此往往会同时存在Fe2+和Fe3+,而这种混合价态金属粒子的出现就会引起材料中氧空位浓度的变化,进而影响材料的磁性能。并且在Ba4- 2xCa2xSm2Fe2Nb8O30中A位元素加入Ca离子可通过调控A位离子的结构起伏来提高钨青铜陶瓷的铁电性能。目前,对于多铁性材料主要集中在多相复合材料和层状材料,但这些工艺常常配方复杂、过程复杂、反应周期长、反应条件要求较苛刻,制得产物物相复杂。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,本发明提供一种钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料及其制备方法,方法工艺简单,产量大且节省能源,制得陶瓷具有较强的单相多铁性。
本发明是通过以下技术方案来实现:
一种钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,纯相的陶瓷粉体制备,其中,所述纯相的陶瓷粉体化学式为 Ba4- 2xCa2xSm2Fe2Nb8O30,x=0.2、0.4、0.6或0.8;分别按照摩尔比称量相应质量的BaCO3、CaCO3、Sm2O3、Fe2O3和Nb2O5粉体,将所有称量的粉体混合均匀形成全配料;将全配料依次进行球磨、烘干和过筛,形成过筛后的出料为纯相的陶瓷粉体;
步骤2,将纯相的陶瓷粉体通过冷等静压压块制成试样,并将制好的试样进行烧结得到烧结试样;
步骤3,依次打磨和清洗步骤2得到的烧结试样,在打磨和清洗后的烧结试样正反两面均匀涂覆电极浆料,将涂覆电极的试样进行烧结得到与纯相的陶瓷粉体对应的钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料。
优选的,步骤1中,具体的包括如下步骤:
首先,按照摩尔比混合原料形成混合物,其中BaCO3和CaCO3的化学计量比分别为9:1、4:1、7:3或3:2,Sm2O3、Fe2O3和Nb2O5化学计量比为 1:1:4;
然后,取混合物、氧化锆球石及去离子水按照质量比为1:4:(0.8-1)混合后依次进行球磨和烘干;
最后,先将烘干后的混合料压块,于1200℃下保温2小时后研磨过筛,形成过筛料即为纯相的陶瓷粉体。
优选的,步骤1中的球磨时间为20-24h。
优选的,步骤1中烘干温度为60-85℃,烘干时间为8-16h.
优选的,步骤1中过筛时筛网目数为120-300目。
优选的,步骤2中压块的压强为180-210MPa。
优选的,步骤2中的烧结过程具体为:
首先以2℃/min升温至200℃,然后以3℃/min升温至500℃,再以 5℃/min升温至1000℃,接着以2-3℃/min升温至1300-1360℃时保温3-4 小时;之后,以2-3℃/min降温至1000℃,再以5℃/min降温至500℃,最后随炉冷却至室温。
优选的,步骤3中的烧结条件为:在550-650℃的温度下烧结25-30min。
优选的,步骤3中的电极浆料为银电极浆料。
一种上述任意一项制备方法制得的钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下有益的技术效果:
本发明采用高效简便的固相法制备钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料Ba4- 2xCa2xSm2Fe2Nb8O30(x=0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8),不同于以往方法,固相法制备工艺简单,产量大,节省能源,要求制备条件低,同时能够增强钨青铜型单相陶瓷的铁电性和铁磁性。使用本发明制备的钨青铜型陶瓷材料,不仅可以提高陶瓷的纯度,改善陶瓷的晶粒形貌,而且可以使得陶瓷的多铁性能得到极大地改善,使得该材料可适应更广泛的环境条件,极大地提高了其应用价值。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例在x=0,0.2,0.4和0.6条件下所制备的Ba4-2xCa2xSm2Fe2Nb8O30的陶瓷粉体X射线衍射图谱。
图2为本发明实例1、2、3条件下制备的Ba4-2xCa2xSm2Fe2Nb8O30(x=0.2、 0.4、0.6)陶瓷材料的扫描电子显微镜图像,图中(a)是x=0.2试样的扫描电子显微镜图像,图中(b)是x=0.4试样的扫描电子显微镜图像,图中(c) 是x=0.6试样的扫描电子显微镜图像。
图3为本发明实施例在x=0,0.2,0.4和0.6条件下所制备的Ba4-2xCa2xSm2Fe2Nb8O30陶瓷材料的室温电滞回线对比图。
图4为本发明实施例在x=0,0.2,0.4条件下所制备的Ba4-2xCa2xSm2Fe2Nb8O30陶瓷材料的室温磁滞回线对比图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细说明,所述是对本发明的解释而不是限定。
一种钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料的制备方法,该材料的化学式为Ba4- 2xCa2xSm2Fe2Nb8O30,x=0.2、0.4、0.6或0.8,其包括如下步骤:
(1)分别按照摩尔比称量相应质量的BaCO3、CaCO3、Sm2O3、Fe2O3和Nb2O5,合成Ba4- 2xCa2xSm2Fe2Nb8O30(x=0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8),将所有称量的粉体混合均匀形成全配料;
将全配料与氧化锆球石和去离子水混合后依次进行球磨、烘干和过筛,形成过筛后的出料为纯相陶瓷粉体;
(2)将纯相陶瓷粉体通过冷等静压压块制成试样,并将制好的试样进行高温烧结得到烧结试样;
(3)打磨、清洗步骤(2)得到的烧结试样,在打磨和清洗后的烧结试样正反两面均匀涂覆银电极浆料,将涂覆银电极的试样进行烧结得到钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料。
其中,步骤(1)中具体的Ba4-2xCa2xSm2Fe2Nb8O30(x=0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8) 粉体的制备步骤包括:首先按照摩尔比混合原料形成混合物,其中BaCO3和 CaCO3的化学计量比分别为9:1、4:1、7:3或3:2,Sm2O3、Fe2O3和Nb2O5化学计量比为1:1:4;然后取混合物、氧化锆球石及去离子水按照质量比为 1:4:(0.8-1)混合后依次进行球磨、烘干和压块,最后于1200℃下保温2小时,最后得到纯相的Ba4-2xCa2xSm2Fe2Nb8O30(x=0.2、0.4、0.6、0.8)陶瓷粉体。
步骤(1)中的球磨时间为20-24h;烘干温度为60-85℃,烘干时间为8-16h;过筛时筛网目数为120-300目。
步骤(2)中压块的压强为180-210MPa。烧结过程具体为:首先以2℃ /min升温至200℃,然后以3℃/min升温至500℃,再以5℃/min升温至 1000℃,接着以2℃/min升温至1300-1360℃时保温2-3小时;之后,以2℃ /min降温至1000℃,再以5℃/min降温至500℃,最后随炉冷却至室温。
步骤(3)中的烧结条件为:在550-650℃的温度下烧结25-30min。
下面通过具体的实施方式做进一步详细描述:
实例1
(1)首先按照摩尔比混合原料形成混合物A,其中BaCO3和CaCO3的化学计量比分别为9:1,Sm2O3、Fe2O3、Nb2O5化学计量比为1:1:4。取混合物A与氧化锆球石及去离子水,按照质量比为1:4:0.8混合后,采用行星式球磨机球磨20h,再在80℃烘干14h、压块后,置于箱式炉中分别于1200℃保温2小时,备用;
将烘干压块料研磨过120目筛,形成过筛料,得到纯相的 Ba3.6Ca0.4Sm2Fe2Nb8O30陶瓷粉体,其扫描电子显微镜图像如图2中的(a)所示,可得到短棒状钨青铜型的晶粒,并且致密性良好,使得陶瓷的多铁性能得到极大地改善;
(2)将步骤(3)得到的过筛料在180MP的压强下,通过冷等静压压制成试样,并将制好的试样置于以氧化错为垫板的氧化铝匣钵内,然后将氧化铝匣钵置于微波烧结炉中进行烧结得到烧结试样,其中烧结条件为:首先以2℃/min升温至200℃,以3℃/min升温至500℃,以5℃/min升温至 1000℃,接着以2℃/min升温至1300℃时保温2小时;之后,以2℃/min降温至1000℃,再以5℃/min降温至500℃,最后随炉冷却至室温;
(3)打磨、清洗步骤(2)得到的烧结试样,在打磨和清洗后的烧结试样正反两面均匀涂覆银电极浆料,将涂覆银电极的试样置于以氧化错为垫板的氧化铝匣钵内,然后将氧化铝匣钵置于箱式炉中,在550℃的温度下烧结 25min得到Ba3.6Ca0.4Sm2Fe2Nb8O30体系陶瓷。
实例2
(1)首先按照摩尔比混合原料形成混合物A,其中BaCO3和CaCO3的化学计量比分别为4:1,Sm2O3、Fe2O3、Nb2O5化学计量比为1:1:4。取混合物A与氧化锆球石及去离子水,按照质量比为1:4:0.9混合后,采用行星式球磨机球磨21h,再在70℃烘干15h、压块后,置于箱式炉中分别于1200℃保温2小时,备用;
将烘干压块料研磨过200目筛,形成过筛料,得到纯相的 Ba3.2Ca0.8Sm2Fe2Nb8O30陶瓷粉体,其扫描电子显微镜图像如图2中的(b) 所示,用实例的步骤可得到短棒状钨青铜型的晶粒,使得陶瓷的多铁性能得到极大地改善;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的过筛料在190MPa的压强下,通过冷等静压压制成试样,并将制好的试样置于以氧化错为垫板的氧化铝匣钵内,然后将氧化铝匣钵置于微波烧结炉中进行烧结得到烧结试样,其中烧结条件为:首先以2℃/min升温至200℃,以3℃/min升温至500℃,以5℃/min升温至 1000℃,接着以3℃/min升温至1320℃时保温2小时;之后,以2℃/min降温至1000℃,再以5℃/min降温至500℃,最后随炉冷却至室温;
(3)打磨、清洗步骤(2)得到的烧结试样,在打磨和清洗后的烧结试样正反两面均匀涂覆银电极浆料,将涂覆银电极的试样置于以氧化错为垫板的氧化铝匣钵内,然后将氧化铝匣钵置于箱式炉中,在580℃的温度下烧结 28min得到Ba3.2Ca0.8Sm2Fe2Nb8O30体系陶瓷。
实例3
(1)首先按照摩尔比混合原料形成混合物A,其中BaCO3和CaCO3的化学计量比分别为7:3,Sm2O3、Fe2O3、Nb2O5化学计量比为1:1:4。取混合物A与氧化锆球石及去离子水,按照质量比为1:4:1混合后,采用行星式球磨机球磨23h,再在60℃烘干8h、压块后,置于箱式炉中分别于1200℃保温2小时,备用;
将烘干压块料研磨过260目筛,形成过筛料,得到纯相的 Ba2.8Ca1.2Sm2Fe2Nb8O30陶瓷粉体,其扫描电子显微镜图像如图2中的(c)所示,用实例的步骤可得到短棒状钨青铜型的晶粒,使得陶瓷的多铁性能得到极大地改善;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的过筛料在200MPa的压强下,通过冷等静压压制成试样,并将制好的试样置于以氧化错为垫板的氧化铝匣钵内,然后将氧化铝匣钵置于微波烧结炉中进行烧结得到烧结试样,其中烧结条件为:首先以2℃/min升温至200℃,以3℃/min升温至500℃,以5℃/min升温至 1000℃,接着以2℃/min升温至1340℃时保温3小时;之后,以3℃/min降温至1000℃,再以5℃/min降温至500℃,最后随炉冷却至室温;
(3)打磨、清洗步骤(2)得到的烧结试样,在打磨和清洗后的烧结试样正反两面均匀涂覆银电极浆料,将涂覆银电极的试样置于以氧化错为垫板的氧化铝匣钵内,然后将氧化铝匣钵置于箱式炉中,在610℃的温度下烧结 26min得到Ba2.8Ca1.2Sm2Fe2Nb8O30体系陶瓷。
如图3所示,试样的击穿场强、最大极化强度都提高了,剩余极化强度减少了,因此陶瓷的铁电性能明显的提升了;其室温磁滞回线对比图如图4 所示,矫顽磁场和最大磁化强度都增大了,因此陶瓷的铁磁性能也得到了明显的提升。

Claims (7)

1.一种钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1,纯相的陶瓷粉体制备,其中,所述纯相的陶瓷粉体化学式为Ba4- 2xCa2xSm2Fe2Nb8O30,x=0.2、0.4或0.6;分别按照摩尔比称量相应质量的BaCO3、CaCO3、Sm2O3、Fe2O3和Nb2O5粉体,将所有称量的粉体混合均匀形成全配料;将全配料依次进行球磨、烘干和过筛,形成过筛后的出料为纯相的陶瓷粉体;
步骤2,将纯相的陶瓷粉体通过冷等静压压块制成试样,并将制好的试样进行烧结得到烧结试样;其中的烧结过程具体为:
首先以2℃/min升温至200℃,然后以3℃/min升温至500℃,再以5℃/min升温至1000℃,接着以2-3℃/min升温至1300-1360℃时保温3-4小时;之后,以2-3℃/min降温至1000℃,再以5℃/min降温至500℃,最后随炉冷却至室温;
步骤3,依次打磨和清洗步骤2得到的烧结试样,在打磨和清洗后的烧结试样正反两面均匀涂覆电极浆料,将涂覆电极的试样在550-650℃的温度下烧结25-30min得到与纯相的陶瓷粉体对应的钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料;
步骤1中,具体的包括如下步骤:
首先,按照摩尔比混合原料形成混合物,其中BaCO3和CaCO3的化学计量比分别为9:1、4:1或7:3,Sm2O3、Fe2O3和Nb2O5化学计量比为1:1:4;
然后,取混合物、氧化锆球石及去离子水按照质量比为1:4:(0.8-1)混合后依次进行球磨和烘干;
最后,先将烘干后的混合料压块,于1200℃下保温2小时后研磨过筛,形成过筛料即为纯相的陶瓷粉体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中的球磨时间为20-24h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中烘干温度为60-85℃,烘干时间为8-16h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中过筛时筛网目数为120-300目。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中压块的压强为180-210MPa。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3中的电极浆料为银电极浆料。
7.一种由权利要求1-6任意一项所述制备方法制得的钨青铜型单相多铁性陶瓷材料。
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