CN108137119A - A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle - Google Patents

A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108137119A
CN108137119A CN201680042495.1A CN201680042495A CN108137119A CN 108137119 A CN108137119 A CN 108137119A CN 201680042495 A CN201680042495 A CN 201680042495A CN 108137119 A CN108137119 A CN 108137119A
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China
Prior art keywords
wheel
support device
main frame
electrodynamic balance
balance vehicle
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CN201680042495.1A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN108137119B (en
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罗春晖
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Signal Fire Technology Co ltd
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Individual
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62KCYCLES; CYCLE FRAMES; CYCLE STEERING DEVICES; RIDER-OPERATED TERMINAL CONTROLS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CYCLES; CYCLE AXLE SUSPENSIONS; CYCLE SIDE-CARS, FORECARS, OR THE LIKE
    • B62K11/00Motorcycles, engine-assisted cycles or motor scooters with one or two wheels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Motorcycle And Bicycle Frame (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle, including:Main frame (2);Wheel (10), wheel (10) are rotationally matched with main frame (2);Support device (8), support device (8) are used to support driver, and support device is installed on main frame (2);And attachment device (9), accumulation of energy wheel (4);Support device (8) and main frame (2) are connect respectively with two tie points being staggeredly arranged in attachment device (9), form two revolute pairs, the revolute pair of support device (8) and attachment device (9) connection formation is configured to meet support device and can be rotated towards the front or behind of wheel (10);Accumulation of energy wheel (4) is installed in support device (8), accumulation of energy wheel (4) is configured to meet after support device (8) opposed vertical direction is tilted a certain angle, accumulation of energy wheel (4) can be contacted with wheel (10) or main frame (2), support device (8) is made to be turned round toward vertical direction by the rotational kinetic energy of accumulation of energy wheel (4), so as to provide a kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle for improving drive safety.

Description

A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle Technical field
The present invention relates to Portable traffic field of tool, in particular to a kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle.
Background technique
Electrodynamic balance vehicle is called body-sensing vehicle, thinking vehicle, the vehicle that acts as regent etc.;
Mainly there is two class of single wheel and two-wheel in the market, its operation principles is mainly built upon one kind and is referred to as in the basic principle of " dynamic stability " (Dynamic Stabilization), utilize the gyroscope and acceleration transducer of vehicle body, to detect the variation of vehicle body attitude, and utilize servo-control system, accurately driving motor is adjusted correspondingly, to keep the balance of system;It is a kind of novel environmentally protective product that modern is used as walking-replacing tool, amusement and recreation;
And its drive manner is as follows:
The balance system of similar human body itself, when centre of body weight leans forward, it in order to guarantee to balance, needs to go ahead, when center of gravity hypsokinesis similarly, when steering, if balance car has the structure of similar handle, control handle, the steering wheel of similar automobile, if the only electrodynamic balance vehicle of single wheel, according to demand as two sides tilt body to some extent;
So outstanding product, nowadays why popularity rate is not high, other than learning cost is too high, there are also be exactly electrodynamic balance vehicle safety it is very poor, tumble injury is likely in actual use and is even in peril of one's life;
Such as, driver drives balance car on the way, encounter a pitting, moment has been snapped into hole wheel in the process of moving, for principle, for the motor of driving wheel rotation also in the case where work, wheel still can be opposite relative to balance car main body frame (and the part one of support driver, such as foot pedal) Rotation, vehicle frame can theoretically be rotated backward drive drive after rebound back it is entopic, but it is practically without the motor of so large driving force, this product of present industrial level also be can not make, secondly, this " reaction time " for reversely rotating is also a very real problem, and it is actually breakneck that the two reasons determine that present electrodynamic balance vehicle drives.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency in the presence of the prior art, a kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle for improving drive safety is provided.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides following technical schemes:
A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle comprising:
Main frame;
Wheel, the wheel is rotationally matched with the main frame, and is rotated by power source drive;
Support device, the support device are used to support driver, and the support device is installed on the main frame;
(thus much, the structure that substantially existing electrodynamic balance vehicle is included, including two-wheel, single-wheel electrodynamic balance vehicle);
It further includes attachment device, accumulation of energy wheel;
The support device is connected by the attachment device with the main frame, the support device and the main frame are connect with two tie points being staggeredly arranged in the attachment device respectively, form two revolute pairs, the common axis that the main frame connect the revolute pair to be formed with the attachment device is overlapped with the central axis of the wheel, and the support device connects the revolute pair to be formed with the attachment device and is configured to meet the branch Support arrangement can be rotated towards the front or behind of the wheel;
The accumulation of energy wheel is installed in the support device, it is rotated by power source drive, and rotation is kept in the electrodynamic balance vehicle driving process, the accumulation of energy wheel is configured to meet after support device opposed vertical direction is tilted a certain angle, the accumulation of energy wheel can be contacted with the wheel or the main frame, turn round the support device toward the vertical direction by the rotational kinetic energy of the accumulation of energy wheel.
Compared to the prior art, using a kind of new structure: accumulation of energy wheel;
Basic principle is exactly to store the energy that turns round support device required at that moment when there is the situation in background technique in advance with the rotation of accumulation of energy wheel, to protect the safety of driver;
Due to this special setting, so mating set new connection type, it joined the attachment device, junction is 2 revolute pairs, and make the rotation of support device and the rotation decentraction of wheel (or main frame), the position of accumulation of energy wheel has been set in advance, when so support device turns to certain angle, necessarily contact the wheel or the main frame, at this moment the rotational kinetic energy of accumulation of energy wheel is released in a flash, and band movable support device is turned round, so that driver be driven to turn round, the case where avoiding driver from flying out appearance improves drive safety.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, described two revolute pairs specifically:
One end of the attachment device and the support device are hinged, form the first hinge joint, form a revolute pair, the other end of the attachment device and the main frame are hinged, form the second hinge joint, second revolute pair is formed, second hinge joint center is located on the central axis of the wheel;In the selection of revolute pair, a kind of hinged more stable scheme at last.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, the attachment device is mounted on the main frame two sides, is a single connector, relatively simple for structure, and optimization is more preferable, but is such as got rusty when block when two revolute pairs go wrong, than relatively hazardous.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, the attachment device is mounted on the main frame two sides, the attachment device is made of the rotation connection of several connectors, structure is more complicated with respect to the form of a connector, but when two revolute pairs go wrong, for example get rusty when block, effectively the center of rotation of revolute pair can be gone at the rotation connection of nearest connector and connector, prevent stuck situation.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, the wheel count is 1, the support device upwardly extends, have for keeping off the block in front of driver, wheel count is in 1 situation, for the electrodynamic balance vehicle of single wheel, the setting of block can preferably help support device that driver is taken back toward when vertical direction revolution.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, the wheel count is 2, and the support device upwardly extends, and is the electrodynamic balance vehicle of two-wheel in the case where having for keeping off the block wheel count in front of driver as 2.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, the support device includes:
Main backstop, the attachment device and the main backstop form the revolute pair;
Pedal, the pedal is arranged on the main backstop, positioned at the two sides of the main frame.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, elastic member is connected between the single pedal and the attachment device, the elastic component is located at the two sides of the main backstop, for providing the damping for turning round the support device toward the vertical direction, in technical scheme, when electrodynamic balance vehicle uses, still driver itself is needed to guarantee the balance of support device as far as possible, in actual use, road is also impossible to complete smooth, along with friction existing between main frame itself and wheel, the generation deflection so support device can be affected to a certain extent, and the damping (produced by the elastic force of elastic component) that the elastic component provides can play correcting action, reduce the driving difficulty of driver, improve driving experience.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, the power source for driving the vehicle wheel rotation is rotor electric machine, relative to For other motors, in electrodynamic balance vehicle more commonly, control the center of gravity of electrodynamic balance vehicle also more preferably.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, the accumulation of energy wheel has the function of accelerating rotation, when accelerating rotation, accumulation of energy wheel just has the precession of gyroscope, the performance can help electrodynamic balance vehicle to have better balance quality, so that driver more stably and is more easily driven electrodynamic balance vehicle, improve driving safety performance to a certain extent and reduces learning cost.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, the attachment device is T-type structure, first hinge joint and the second hinge joint are respectively positioned on the string configuration among the T-type structure, using the connector of symmetrical structure, it can be further improved the stability of electrodynamic balance vehicle, other component (such as described elastic component) is also conveniently symmetrically installed on the string configuration paid in T-type structure to two sides simultaneously, guarantee that the center of electrodynamic balance vehicle entirety is optimal to greatest extent, the stability of electrodynamic balance vehicle is improved, while also improving drive safety indirectly.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, one end of the elastic component is connected on the pedal, the other end is connected on the string configuration that the T-type structure is paid to two sides, under the main backstop vertical state, the elastic component is arranged symmetrically in the two sides of the main backstop, the setting of elastic component and the combination of T-type structure, in the case where the certain correction effect for guaranteeing to tilt forward and back support device, also the symmetric form for meeting electrodynamic balance vehicle entirety as far as possible, guarantee that its position of centre of gravity is optimal, improve the stability of electrodynamic balance vehicle, also improve drive safety indirectly simultaneously.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention:
Improve the drive safety of electrodynamic balance vehicle.
Detailed description of the invention:
Fig. 1 is the side view of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the front view of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 3 crosses a pit schematic diagram for the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 4 is the brake schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 5 is the folding schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 6 is another accumulation of energy wheel set-up mode schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Fig. 7 is the front view of the embodiment of the present invention 2;
Fig. 8 is the side view of the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Fig. 9 is another accumulation of energy wheel set-up mode schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 3;
Figure 10 is the front view of the embodiment of the present invention 4;
Figure 11 is the side view of the embodiment of the present invention 5;
Figure 12 is the front view of the embodiment of the present invention 5;
Figure 13 crosses a pit schematic diagram for the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Figure 14 is the brake schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 1;
Figure 15 is the front view of the embodiment of the present invention 6;
Marked in the figure: 1- block, 2- main frame, 3- mounting rack, 4- accumulation of energy wheel, 5- elastic component, 6- pedal, 7- main backstop, 8- support device, 9- attachment device, 10- wheel.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment and specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.But this should not be interpreted as to the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments, it is all real based on the content of present invention institute Existing technology all belongs to the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Such as Fig. 1,2 (right side of the figure in Fig. 1-15 other than front view is the front of electrodynamic balance vehicle, and the vertical dotted line in center indicates vertical direction in figure), a kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle comprising:
Main frame 2;
Wheel 10, the wheel 10 is rotationally matched with the main frame 2, and by power source drive rotation (in the present embodiment, the power source for driving the wheel 10 to rotate is rotor electric machine, can be inner rotor motor or external rotor electric machine);
Support device 8, the support device 8 is used to support driver, the support device 8 is installed on the main frame 2,10 quantity of wheel is 1, for single wheel electrodynamic balance vehicle, the support device 8 is upwardly extended, and is had for keeping off the block 1 in front of driver, the block 1 is foldable (folding effect such as Fig. 5), and it is adjustable that support device 8 is also designed to length;
Attachment device 9, accumulation of energy wheel 4;
The support device 8 is connected by the attachment device 9 and the main frame 2, the support device 8 and the main frame 2 are connect with two tie points being staggeredly arranged in the attachment device 9 respectively, form two revolute pairs, the main frame 2 connect the common axis of revolute pair formed with the attachment device 9 and is overlapped with the central axis of the wheel 10, and the revolute pair that the support device 8 and the attachment device 9 connect formation is configured to meet the support device 8 and can rotate towards the front or behind of the wheel 10;
The accumulation of energy wheel 4 is installed in the support device 8, it is rotated by power source drive, and rotation is kept in the electrodynamic balance vehicle driving process, in the present embodiment, the accumulation of energy wheel 4 has the function of accelerating rotation, and the accumulation of energy wheel 4 is configured to meet when the 8 opposed vertical direction of support device is tilted a certain angle Afterwards, the accumulation of energy wheel 4 can be contacted with the wheel 10 or the main frame 2, turn round the support device 8 toward the vertical direction by the rotational kinetic energy of the accumulation of energy wheel 4.
Described two revolute pairs specifically:
One end of the attachment device 9 and the support device 8 are hinged, form the first hinge joint, and the other end of the attachment device 9 and the main frame 2 are hinged, form the second hinge joint, second hinge joint center is located on the central axis of the wheel 10.
The attachment device 9 is mounted on 2 two sides of main frame, it is a single connector (in the structure of the present embodiment, the attachment device 9 can be also rotatablely connected by several connectors and be constituted, and be a kind of technical solution that is more complicated but having certain beneficial effect);The attachment device 9 is T-type structure, first hinge joint and the second hinge joint are respectively positioned on the string configuration among the T-type structure, second hinge joint is higher than first hinge joint, in fact, due to gravity, after total assembly finishes, the attachment device 9 will necessarily natural rotation, first hinge joint and the second hinge joint are located in a vertical straight line simultaneously, and the first hinge joint is in lowest part;
The support device 8 includes:
Main backstop 7, the attachment device 9 and the main backstop 7 form the revolute pair;
Pedal 6, the pedal 6 is arranged on the main backstop 7, positioned at the two sides of the main frame 2;
In the present embodiment, 7 side of main backstop is fixedly connected with one for installing the mounting rack 3 of the accumulation of energy wheel 4, the accumulation of energy wheel 4 is mounted on the end of the mounting rack 3, in the present embodiment, the length that the mounting rack 3 pays the main backstop 7 is configured to make the accumulation of energy wheel 4 to contact the main frame 2 and generation effect (in the present embodiment, the mounting rack 3 can also be set as paying toward former and later two directions of wheel 10, corresponding 2 accumulation of energy wheels 4, such as Fig. 6, wheel according to the saying of front, by electrodynamic balance vehicle rear Rotation counterclockwise, wheel by electrodynamic balance front side rotates clockwise, under this structure, it does not need then structure to be designed to make accumulation of energy wheel 4 contact wheel 10, encountering has the case where hole, the case where being contacted by accumulation of energy wheel 4 rearward and main frame 2, encountering past the layback of brake passes through forward accumulation of energy wheel 4 and the contact of main frame 2).
Elastic member 5 is connected between the single pedal 6 and the attachment device 9, the elastic component 5 is located at the two sides of the main backstop 7, for providing the damping for turning round the support device 8 toward the vertical direction.
Specifically, one end of the elastic component 5 is connected on the pedal 6, the other end is connected on the string configuration that the T-type structure is paid to two sides, under 7 vertical state of main backstop, the elastic component 5 is arranged symmetrically in the two sides of the main backstop 7, in the present embodiment, the elastic component 5 is spring;
In the process of moving; when encountering hole; situation as described in the background art; wheel 10 is caught in hole; such as Fig. 3; at this point, dotted line vertical in figure indicates vertical direction, when encountering hole; entire support device 8 is toward top rake; when tilting to angle in figure, the accumulation of energy wheel 4 of rotation touches main frame 2 (according to the set-up mode in the present embodiment figure, using Fig. 3 as reference; accumulation of energy wheel 4 is to rotate counterclockwise); then in the kinetic energy for discharging rotation in a flash, entire support device 8 is driven to turn round toward vertical direction, so that driver be protected not throw out;
Similarly, using Fig. 3 as reference, accumulation of energy wheel 4 rotates counterclockwise, when needing to brake, such as emergency brake, such as Fig. 4, toward after rear-inclined, after the identification of electrodynamic balance vehicle is slowed down, when speed, which subtracts, gets off, existing electrodynamic balance vehicle is will not to give support device 8 one power for turning round it, so after being tilted a certain angle, driver is possible to fall down backward, it damages, such as Fig. 4, the setting of the accumulation of energy wheel 4 of the present embodiment, when being tilted a certain angle backward, the accumulation of energy wheel 4 of rotation touches the wheel 10 of stopping, then in the kinetic energy for discharging rotation in a flash, entire support device 8 is driven to turn round toward vertical direction, from And driver is protected not fall down backward.
Embodiment 2
Such as Fig. 7, in the present embodiment, other than technical solution identical with the structure in embodiment 1,10 quantity of wheel is 2, for the electrodynamic balance vehicle of two-wheel, include 2 main frames 2, two main frames 2 are symmetrical arranged, by the support device 8 connect, and the support device 8 respectively with the main frame 2 by the attachment device 9 connect and embodiment 1 as, unilateral connection is respectively formed 2 revolute pairs, if this set, the pedal 6 in embodiment 1 is then one, is arranged between two wheels 10.
Embodiment 3
Such as Fig. 8, in the present embodiment, other than technical solution identical with the structure in embodiment 1, the length that the mounting rack 3 pays the main backstop 7 be configured to make the accumulation of energy wheel 4 contacts 10 outer ring of wheel and generation acts on, particularly directly extend outwardly from pedal 6, constituting the mounting rack 3, (accumulation of energy wheel 4 is arranged at rear in this programme, the direction of rotation of accumulation of energy wheel 4 is exactly using Fig. 8 as standard, it rotates clockwise), the accumulation of energy wheel 4 to 10 center of wheel distance in the case that not in contact be greater than wheel 10 radius, (in the present embodiment, the mounting rack 3 can also be set as paying toward former and later two directions of wheel 10, corresponding 2 accumulation of energy wheels 4, such as Fig. 9, forward accumulation of energy wheel 4 then rotates counterclockwise).
Embodiment 4
Such as Figure 10, in the present embodiment, other than technical solution identical with the structure in embodiment 3,10 quantity of wheel is 2, for the electrodynamic balance vehicle of two-wheel, include 2 main frames 2, two main frames 2 are symmetrical arranged, by the support device 8 connect, and the support device 8 respectively with the main frame 2 by the attachment device 9 connect and embodiment 3 as, unilateral connection is respectively formed 2 revolute pairs, if this set, the pedal 6 in embodiment 3 is then one, is arranged between two wheels 10.
Embodiment 5
Such as Figure 11, 12, in the present embodiment, other than technical solution identical with the structure in embodiment 1, the front and rear sides relative to electrodynamic balance vehicle of the block 1 at 9 top of attachment device are then arranged in the mounting rack 3, corresponding front and back is mounted on accumulation of energy wheel 4, the technical solution of the embodiment is similar with the situation in Fig. 9 in embodiment 3, only accumulation of energy wheel 4 is arranged in the top of wheel 10, block 1 on main backstop 7 is then set for a seat, and two accumulation of energy wheels 4 are then arranged on seat, the accumulation of energy wheel 4 at rear then rotates counterclockwise, the accumulation of energy wheel 4 in front then rotates clockwise;
Such as Figure 13, when encountering hole, support device 8 turns forward, then the opposite accumulation of energy wheel 4 positioned at electrodynamic balance vehicle rear touches the outer of wheel 10, band movable support device 8 is turned round toward vertical direction, and braking conditions such as Figure 14, support arrangement tilts backwards, then the opposite accumulation of energy wheel 4 positioned at electrodynamic balance front side touches the outer of wheel 10, and band movable support device 8 is turned round toward vertical direction.
Embodiment 6
Such as Figure 15, in the present embodiment, other than technical solution identical with the structure in embodiment 5,10 quantity of wheel is 2, for the electrodynamic balance vehicle of two-wheel, include 2 main frames 2, two main frames 2 are symmetrical arranged, by the support device 8 connect, and the support device 8 respectively with the main frame 2 by the attachment device 9 connect and embodiment 5 as, unilateral connection is respectively formed 2 revolute pairs, if this set, the pedal 6 in embodiment 5 is then one, is arranged between two wheels 10.

Claims (12)

  1. A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle comprising:
    Main frame;
    Wheel, the wheel is rotationally matched with the main frame, and is rotated by power source drive;
    Support device, the support device are used to support driver, and the support device is installed on the main frame;
    It is characterized in that, further including attachment device, accumulation of energy wheel;
    The support device is connected by the attachment device with the main frame, the support device and the main frame are connect with two tie points being staggeredly arranged in the attachment device respectively, form two revolute pairs, the common axis that the main frame connect the revolute pair to be formed with the attachment device is overlapped with the central axis of the wheel, and the support device connects the revolute pair to be formed with the attachment device and is configured to meet the support device and can rotate towards the front or behind of the wheel;
    The accumulation of energy wheel is installed in the support device, it is rotated by power source drive, and rotation is kept in the electrodynamic balance vehicle driving process, the accumulation of energy wheel is configured to meet after support device opposed vertical direction is tilted a certain angle, the accumulation of energy wheel can be contacted with the wheel or the main frame, turn round the support device toward the vertical direction by the rotational kinetic energy of the accumulation of energy wheel.
  2. A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described two revolute pairs specifically:
    One end of the attachment device and the support device are hinged, form the first hinge joint, and the other end of the attachment device and the main frame are hinged, form the second hinge joint, second hinge joint center is located on the central axis of the wheel.
  3. A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the attachment device is mounted on the main frame two sides, is a single connector.
  4. A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the attachment device is mounted on the main frame two sides, and the attachment device is made of the rotation connection of several connectors.
  5. A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the wheel count is 1, and the support device upwardly extends, and has for keeping off the block in front of driver.
  6. A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the wheel count is 2, and the support device upwardly extends, and has for keeping off the block in front of driver.
  7. A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the support device includes:
    Main backstop, the attachment device and the main backstop form the revolute pair;
    Pedal, the pedal is arranged on the main backstop, positioned at the two sides of the main frame.
  8. A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle according to claim 7, which is characterized in that
    Elastic member is connected between the single pedal and the attachment device, the elastic component is located at the two sides of the main backstop, for providing the damping for turning round the support device toward the vertical direction.
  9. A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the power source for driving the vehicle wheel rotation is rotor electric machine.
  10. A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the accumulation of energy wheel has the function of accelerating rotation.
  11. A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the attachment device is T-type structure, and first hinge joint and the second hinge joint are respectively positioned on the string configuration among the T-type structure.
  12. A kind of electrodynamic balance vehicle according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, one end of the elastic component is connected on the pedal, the other end is connected on the string configuration that the T-type structure is paid to two sides, under the main backstop vertical state, the elastic component is arranged symmetrically in the two sides of the main backstop.
CN201680042495.1A 2016-03-24 2016-03-24 Electric balance car Active CN108137119B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CN2016/077213 WO2017161532A1 (en) 2016-03-24 2016-03-24 Electric self-balancing scooter

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN108137119A true CN108137119A (en) 2018-06-08
CN108137119B CN108137119B (en) 2019-12-31

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WO (1) WO2017161532A1 (en)

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