CN108132075B - The method of calibration and its data measurement unit of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone - Google Patents
The method of calibration and its data measurement unit of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention shows the method for calibration and its data measurement unit of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone, device, including workbench, and the chucking appliance system and data collection system that are installed on the workbench；Its method of calibration, it is as follows, 1, to the cladding process and heat-deformation-strain Real-time test amount in high energy beam increasing material manufacturing processing；2, establish model framework, input material attribute and grid division；Complete the calibration of finite element temperature field；3, the primary condition that field of force boundary condition is arranged and calculates the temperature field result of calibration as the field of force obtains substrate deformation and strain field result；Complete the calibration in the finite element field of force；Complete the calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone.The present invention can provide reliable experimental data for the analog simulation of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing, and scientific guidance can be provided to establish the process of effective control base board and drip molding deformation by having, and increases material manufacturing technology is promoted to obtain widely application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to material increasing field, specially a kind of school of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone
Proved recipe method and its data measurement unit.
Background technique
High energy beam increases material manufacturing technology is that the high-performance metal to be grown up based on RP technique principle increases material
Manufacturing technology, can be divided into pre- powdering and synchronous powder feeding system or two kinds of wire feed, and high energy beam generally comprises plasma beam, electron beam, swashs
Light beam and electric arc etc..For high energy beam increasing material manufacturing synchronous powder feeding system or wire feed technology, drip molding on Prefabricated substrate cladding at
Shape.In cladding process, molten bath near zone is subjected to non-uniform rapid heat cycle effect, molten bath solidification shrinkage, the temperature of variation
Temperature stress caused by field and huge temperature gradient, structural stress caused by structural transformation, drip molding are not assisted with substrate deformation
Stress is hindered caused by adjusting, comprehensive function leads to substrate and drip molding metamorphopsic distortion, seriously affects the precision of drip molding, reduces
The mechanical property of drip molding.The deformation of substrate and drip molding is one of problem inevitable in high energy beam increasing material manufacturing, this is asked
Topic is also common concern and the critical issue for endeavouring to solve in the research of high energy beam increases material manufacturing technology.Therefore increasing material manufacturing is verified
Heat-deformation-strain development law of substrate and drip molding in journey, specifies deformation mechanism and stress distribution situation and is effectively controlled
System is of great significance to the precision and mechanical property that improve drip molding.
At present to high energy beam increasing material manufacturing process there are no heat-deformation of complete set-strain original position real-time measurement apparatus,
Existing high energy beam increasing material manufacturing in-situ technique is mainly the measurement that temperature and deformation are carried out to substrate, rare to drip molding
Temperature and strain carry out real-time measurement in situ.Major part scholar uses synthesis measuring profilometer, laser 3 d scanner at present
Etc. means obtain the final deformation of increasing material manufacturing process finishing metacoxal plate, the method can only become the substrate after process finishing
Shape measurement, and the real-time deformation rule of processing part during increasing material manufacturing cannot be disclosed.There is scholar using displacement sensor pair
Substrate deformation carries out real-time measurement, but can only also measure the deformation of substrate.Current in-situ measuring method is all relatively simple
And there is significant limitation, be unable to the evolution process of whole audience monitoring thermal field, can not be increasing material manufacturing finite element Thermal-mechanical Coupling
Model provides a full set of experimental verification data.
Generally speaking, with the development of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing, deformation of the drip molding in forming process is even cracked and is asked
Topic does not obtain always effective solution, this has seriously affected the progress and the quality of drip molding of forming process.If can be to high energy
The temperature field of beam increasing material manufacturing process substrate and drip molding, deformation, strain field and stress field evolved behavior carry out accurate in real time survey
Amount, can not only provide reliable experimental data for the analog simulation of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing, to establish accurate Thermal-mechanical Coupling
Model to carry out the heating power field analysis of large scale complex structural member, and will appreciate that the deformation of forming process drip molding even
Cracking mechanism provides scientific guidance to establish the effectively process of control deformation and stress, and then effective control is taken to arrange
It applies improve and even be eliminated.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermo-mechanical Coupled
The method of calibration and its data measurement unit of molding type, apparatus structure is simple, and method is flexibly accurate, can real-time synchronization monitoring,
Reliable experimental data can not only be provided for the analog simulation of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing, and can for establish effective control base board and
The process of drip molding deformation provides scientific guidance, and increases material manufacturing technology is promoted to obtain widely application.
The present invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The verification data measurement unit of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone, including workbench, Yi Jian
Fill chucking appliance system on the table and data collection system；
The chucking appliance system includes substrate fixed plate, the upper bracket and lower bracket being successively fixedly installed from the top down；Base
Plate fixed plate is fixed on that upper bracket upper end is unilateral to grip substrate, fixed clamp setting and substrate between upper bracket and lower bracket
Displacement sensor fixed plate disposed in parallel；Thermocouple temperature measurement frame is fixedly installed in the side of upper bracket；
The data collection system includes the thermocouple that thermocouple temperature measurement point is arranged in by thermocouple temperature measurement frame, fixed
Displacement sensor in displacement sensor fixed plate, the 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain being oppositely arranged with thermocouple temperature measurement frame
Measuring instrument, and the thermal imaging system being oppositely arranged with upper bracket；The measuring head of displacement sensor is arranged in substrate lower end, three dimensions
The collection terminal of word dynamic speckle strain gauge and thermal imaging system is directed at substrate and processing district.
Preferably, several jacks are provided on the thermocouple temperature measurement frame, are provided with alundum tube in jack；Thermocouple
Temperature measuring head passes through alundum tube and is exposed to end of the alundum tube close to processing district, and the thermocouple wire of thermocouple is welded on annealed state base
At the different location of plate.
Preferably, 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge includes the first 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle of angled setting
Strain gauge camera lens and the second 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge camera lens；3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge
It is arranged on the strain gauge bracket fixed with workbench, the height and angle of strain gauge bracket can adjust.
Preferably, thermal imaging system is arranged on the thermal imaging system bracket fixed with workbench, the height of thermal imaging system bracket
It can be adjusted with angle.
Preferably, side of the base plate bottom far from aid end is arranged in the sensing head of displacement sensor.
High energy beam increasing material manufacturing has the method for calibration of first thermal influence zone, includes the following steps,
Step 1, above-mentioned any one verification data measurement unit is initialized, to the cladding in high energy beam increasing material manufacturing processing
Process and heat-deformation-strain Real-time test amount；The displacement of data logger acquisition thermocouple temperature measurement data and displacement sensor
Signal, thermal imaging acquisition system collect temperature field signal, and the collection of 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain measurement data collection system is answered
Variable field signal；
Step 2, high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone frame is established, input material attribute simultaneously divides net
Lattice；Then initial temperature field boundary condition is rule of thumb set, established modeling is utilized to calculate the temperature of forming process
, the temperature field result that analog result is surveyed with thermocouple temperature measurement data and thermal imaging acquisition system is compared and analyzed, root
It is complete until analog result is matched with experimental measurements according to simulation and experimental measurements discrepancy adjustment temperature boundaries condition
At the calibration of finite element temperature field；
Step 3, according to experiment process setting field of force boundary condition and using the temperature field result of calibration as field of force meter
The primary condition of calculation is calculated the field of force evolutionary process of forming process using modeling, obtains substrate deformation and strain field result；
The substrate deformation of simulation and strain field result are compared and analyzed with surveyed substrate deformation and strain field result is tested, foundation
Error transfer factor field of force boundary condition completes the calibration in the finite element field of force until analog result can be matched with experimental measurements；
Complete the calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone.
Preferably, thermocouple and displacement sensor are connected with data logger, and are debugged, prepare to receive temperature
Signal and deformation signal；Thermal imaging system data collection system is debugged, prepares to receive thermal imaging signal；3-dimensional digital dynamic is debugged to dissipate
Spot strain gauge data collection system prepares to receive strain signal.
Preferably, in step 1, when Real-time test amount, drip molding measurement position can be obtained according to thermocouple temperature measurement data
The temperature change set；Data collecting instrument records the voltage signal of displacement sensor output, and according to displacement and voltage transformational relation
The voltage signal of extraction is converted into displacement signal and obtains the real-time deformation process of substrate.
Preferably, in step 1, radiance and energy transmission rate to thermal imaging system in forming process are calibrated；It utilizes
Temperature measuring point accurate temperature value measured by thermocouple calibrates the corresponding points temperature value that thermal imaging system monitors, that is, obtains heat
Accurate radiance and energy transmission rate in imager monitoring process, then under thermal imaging camera visual field in entire forming process
All temperature measuring points use resulting accurate radiance and energy transmission rate, complete thermal imaging system calibration.
Preferably, in step 2, initial temperature field boundary condition includes S. E. A., convection coefficient and thermal emissivity rate.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial technical effects:
A kind of method of calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone of the present invention, based on thermocouple and heat at
It, can be real as integrated temperature measurement technology, displacement sensor deformation measurement technology and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain measurement technique
When Simultaneous Monitoring substrate and drip molding temperature field and the whole audience strain and deformation, apparent substrate and drip molding heat-deformation-strain are drilled
Law；Realize during high energy beam increasing material manufacturing to substrate deformation, to substrate and drip molding temperature field and to substrate and
The real-time monitoring purpose of drip molding strain field, the real-time monitoring purpose reached during high energy beam increasing material manufacturing pair, obtains school
Model after testing can analyze temperature field, deformation, strain field and the stress of any moment during forming using the model of calibration
, and the mechanism that influences each other between temperature field and field of force evolution can be probed into.It is provided for high energy beam increasing material manufacturing analog simulation
Reliable experimental verification means, provide to establish the verifying of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing process heat-tissue-deformation sequential coupling model
The experimental data of science.
The verification data measurement unit of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone of the present invention, using thermocouple,
Thermal imaging system, displacement sensor, 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge are realized while being synchronized to high energy beam increasing material manufacturing
Heat-deformation of process-strain carries out real-time accurate measurements in situ, and measurement data type is more, and information is comprehensive, i.e. acquisition process
The temperature field of middle drip molding, and the mechanical response information (substrate deformation, strain field) of drip molding is obtained, it is single better than any
Real-time measurement mode in situ, such as only thermocouple temperature measurement or only displacement sensor deformation.It cannot be only used for laser beam, ion
The monitoring of the high energy beams increasing material manufacturing process such as beam, electric arc, and the electron beam increasing material manufacturing being equally applicable under vacuum environment
Journey monitoring.In addition, remove high energy beam material increasing field, the system can also the temperature field of welding bead in real-time monitoring welding process, become
Shape and strain field variation.
Further, since thermocouple temperature measurement point can arbitrarily be chosen, displacement sensor arbitrarily selects the measurement position of substrate
Take, thermal imaging system and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge " loaded " position on the table and angle can according to demand into
The mobile adjustment of row, therefore a whole set of measuring device is very flexible to the monitoring mode of surveyed drip molding, can be directed to different materials (steel,
High temperature alloy, titanium alloy, aluminium alloy etc.), different structure shape (single armed wall, frame, bucket, plate muscle, block, abnormal shape and labyrinth
Part etc.), the high energy beam increasing material manufacturing process of different size drip molding (centimetre~metrical scale) can carry out heat-deformation-strain field
Real-time measurement in situ.
Further, especially hot since verification data measurement unit does not contact directly with drip molding deposition region on substrate
Imager and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge are remote monitorings, therefore the set measuring system will not increase material to high energy beam
Manufacturing process generates any influence.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the data acquisition block figure of data measurement unit described in present example.
The structural schematic diagram of data measurement unit when Fig. 2 is the unilateral aid of substrate described in present example.
Fig. 3 is the unilateral clamping time substrate temperature of substrate described in present example and the signal of deformation measurement position distribution
Figure.
Fig. 4 shows for the thermocouple temperature measurement curve of laser gain material manufacturing process substrate described in present example and drip molding
It is intended to.
Fig. 5 is the deformation curve schematic diagram of laser gain material manufacturing process substrate described in present example.
Fig. 6 is the temperature field schematic diagram of the monitoring of laser gain material manufacturing process thermal imaging system described in present example.
Fig. 7 is the monitoring of laser gain material manufacturing process 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge described in present example
Strain field schematic diagram.
In figure, 1 be high energy beam, 2 be substrate fixed plate, 3 be upper bracket, 4 be the first 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain survey
Amount instrument camera lens, 5 be lower bracket, 6 be the second 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge camera lens, 7 be strain gauge bracket, 8
It is thermocouple for displacement sensor fixed plate, 9,10 be displacement sensor, 11 be thermal imaging system, 12 is thermal imaging system bracket, 13
It is cladding layer for substrate, 14,15 be thermocouple temperature measurement head, 16 be alundum tube, 17 is thermocouple temperature measurement frame.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, it is described be explanation of the invention and
It is not to limit.
A kind of method of calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone of the present invention, utilizes data measurement unit
Heat-deformation-strain field measurement result that real-time measurement obtains, verifies finite element thermal influence zone.
Following embodiment illustrates during high energy beam increasing material manufacturing, this hair using the laser beam in high energy beam as representing
Bright how realized using data measurement unit to heat-deformation-strain field real―time precision measurment in situ and applied to thermo-mechanical Coupled
The verification of molding type.As shown in Figure 1, in high energy beam process, thermocouple and thermal imaging system real-time monitoring temperature field, displacement
Sensor real-time monitoring substrate deformation, 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge real-time monitoring strain field, measurement data is by phase
The data collection system answered records and analyzes.
The thermocouple temperature measurement point is located at any particular location of substrate respective specific position and drip molding side wall.
The verification data measurement unit of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone, energy applied in the present invention
Enough precise measurement heat-deformation-strains are in situ comprising chucking appliance system on the table are arranged, the data on chucking appliance system are adopted
Collecting system, data collection system include the thermocouple being arranged on chucking appliance system and displacement sensor device and data record
Instrument additionally includes the thermal imaging system and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge of setting on the table.Wherein, substrate becomes
The position of shape measurement point can be adjusted, and the position of temperature measuring point can be arranged according to drip molding shape, substrate and at
The temperature field of shape part and strain can carry out whole audience monitoring.It can be realized to substrate and drip molding during high energy beam increasing material manufacturing
Heat-deformation-strain original position real-time monitoring, can accurately react heat-deformation-strain of substrate and drip molding drilling at any time
Law is not only the reliable experiment measurement of the deformation mechanism of substrate and drip molding offer during research high energy beam increasing material manufacturing
Basis, and provide strong experimental data for high energy beam increasing material manufacturing analog simulation, finally to establishing effective control base board
It lays a good foundation with the process and acquisition high-precision, high-performance drip molding of drip molding deformation.
Specifically, as shown in Fig. 2, device of the present invention includes workbench, and the fixture system being installed on the workbench
System and data collection system；
The chucking appliance system includes the substrate fixed plate 2 being successively fixedly installed from the top down, upper bracket 3 and lower bracket 5；
Substrate fixed plate 2 is fixed on that 3 upper end of upper bracket is unilateral to grip substrate 13, and fixed clamp is set between upper bracket 3 and lower bracket 5
It sets and the displacement sensor fixed plate 8 disposed in parallel of substrate 13；Thermocouple temperature measurement frame 17 is fixedly installed in the side of upper bracket 3；
The data collection system includes the thermocouple 9 that thermocouple temperature measurement point is arranged in by thermocouple temperature measurement frame 17,
The displacement sensor 10 being fixed in displacement sensor fixed plate 8, the 3-dimensional digital being oppositely arranged with thermocouple temperature measurement frame 17 are dynamic
State speckle strain measurement instrument, and the thermal imaging system 11 being oppositely arranged with upper bracket 3；The measuring head setting of displacement sensor 10 exists
The collection terminal of substrate lower end, 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge and thermal imaging system 11 is directed at substrate 13 and processing district.
When installation, thermocouple temperature measuring apparatus installation；Thermocouple wire is welded in the different location of annealed state substrate；In alundum tube
Thermocouple wire is penetrated in 16 and the temperature measuring head of thermocouple wire is made to be exposed to 16 end of alundum tube, and alundum tube 16 is then mounted on heat
On galvanic couple temperature measuring rack 17, finally thermocouple temperature measurement frame 17 is mounted on upper bracket 3；
Fixed substrate and determining temeprature measurement position；It is clamped in the substrate for being welded with thermocouple 9 is unilateral substrate and fixes
Between plate 2 and upper bracket 3；Using the displacement sensor fixed plate 8 between upper bracket 3 and lower bracket 5 by 10 cloth of displacement sensor
It sets in 13 underface designated position of substrate；
Whole measuring table installation；Chucking appliance system is installed on the workbench；It is appropriate that thermal imaging system is mounted on workbench
Position, adjustment imaging lens make it be directed at substrate and processing district；3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge is mounted on work
Make platform appropriate location, adjustment 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge camera lens makes it be directed at substrate and processing district；
Preferred embodiment of the present invention is mainly for high energy beam increasing material manufacturing synchronous powder feeding system or wire feed technology.When thermocouple is welded in base
It needs to carry out masking processing to thermocouple wire when plate upper surface, prevents the radiation effects of high energy beam from influencing measurement result；It is installing
When thermocouple temperature measurement frame, the installation site of thermocouple temperature measurement frame is adjusted, the thermocouple temperature measurement head of corundum tube end is made to be directed at forming
The specific temperature measurement location of part side wall.The position of adjustment displacement sensor fixed plate makes displacement sensor be directed at substrate bottom surface deformation measurement
Position.When installs fixture, keep substrate side surfaces parallel with the X-axis of lathe or Y-axis, convenient for determining cladding area in the opposite position of substrate
It sets；The camera lens of thermal imaging system camera lens and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge must all assemble filter plate, prevent high energy beam
Damage camera lens；The acquisition display screen for observing thermal imaging system and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge, adjusts the position of each camera lens
It sets acquisition conjunction and accurately clearly monitors visual field.
Specific step is as follows for method of the present invention:
The first step, different location welding thermocouple and the specific position cloth displacement sensor immediately below substrate on substrate
As shown in figure 3, being clamped in substrate is unilateral on fixture, while thermocouple is got out then to drip molding on thermocouple temperature measurement frame
Carry out thermometric.
The fixture assembled in the first step is installed on the workbench, as shown in Figure 2 by second step.
Third step, it is suitable with substrate distance that thermal imaging system and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge are separately mounted to
On workbench, as shown in Figure 2.
4th step, measuring device initialization；Thermocouple and displacement sensor are connected on data logger, data are remembered
Record instrument is debugged, and by observation data collection system display, debugs thermal imaging system and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle is answered
Become the camera lens visual field of measuring instrument, prepares to receive thermal imaging signal and strain signal when measurement.Wherein, the displacement letter of displacement sensor
It number needs to be converted into voltage signal and passes through data logger to acquire；It needs to demarcate substrate before strain measurement, as strain
Measure reference position.
5th step, the initialization of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing technique；Part is generated in the computer of control increasing material manufacturing process
Three-dimensional CAD model, model is then pressed into certain thickness hierarchy slicing, and sets the scanning strategy of forming, while in lathe
Setting forming process parameter in control system；Inert protective gas argon gas is passed through to shaped cavity, prepares high energy beam and increases material
Process is manufactured, when oxygen content drops to certain level, beginning forming process.When high energy beam is electron beam, shaped cavity must
It must be vacuum environment, not need to fill protective gas.
6th step, cladding process and heat-deformation-strain real-time measurement；It starts simultaneously at cladding process and heat-deformation-is answered
The real-time measurement process in situ of change, data logger collect the measuring signal of thermocouple and displacement sensor, thermal imaging acquisition system
System collects temperature field signal, and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain measurement data collection system collects strain signal；It is specific to use
Specific laser processing technology starts forming process, while to substrate in laser gain material manufacturing process and drip molding heat-deformation-
Strain carries out real―time precision measurment.When cladding layer deposits to certain thickness, contact the thermocouple temperature measurement head of corundum tube end
Drip molding side wall, thermocouple starts to carry out thermometric to drip molding, since thermocouple is close apart from high energy beam, needs using high temperature resistant
Thermocouple wire.
7th step saves measurement data and dismantles measuring device；When forming process terminates and be cooled to room temperature and measurement system
After system monitoring, saves measurement data and close measuring system, then dismantle measuring device one by one；
8th step, Measurement and Data Processing；By the displacement of thermocouple temperature measurement data and displacement sensor in data logger
Signal (practical is voltage signal) extracts, and wherein thermocouple measured temperature value can be applied directly；Utilize displacement and voltage
The voltage signal of extraction is converted into displacement signal by transformational relation, and the real-time deformation course of substrate can be obtained；Utilize thermocouple
The temperature measuring point accurate temperature value surveyed calibrates the corresponding points temperature value that thermal imaging system monitors, i.e. acquisition thermal imaging system prison
Accurately radiance and energy transmission rate, completion thermal imaging system are calibrated during surveying.Then thermal imaging computer recorded
Thermometric information extracts, such as the maximum temperature that thermal imaging is recorded during extraction forming is molten bath in process
Peak temperature, the temperature of any point any time and bulk temperature the field information that changes with time are equal under same thermal imaging visual field
It can be extracted；According to the undeformed state of system identification before the processing of 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge record
System acquires the speckle image of each deformation stage of object in real time in first image and process, is strained and is surveyed using speckle
Amount instrument is corresponding that data analyze each digital speckle image of comparison and calculate the whole audience strain of object texture feature and become
Shape establishes unified strain scale and carries out quantization calibration, and exports the visualization strain cloud atlas at different processing moment, to obtain
The whole audience of drip molding strains and displacement information in real time in forming process.
9th step, measurement result verify model；Firstly, establishing high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone frame
Frame is arranged initial temperature field boundary condition (S. E. A., convection coefficient and thermal emissivity rate), calculates temperature using modeling
, comparison temperature field simulation and experimental measurements discrepancy adjustment temperature boundaries condition, until simulation and experimental measurements
The calibration in temperature field is completed in matching.Secondly, according to experiment process setting field of force boundary condition and with the temperature field of calibration
As a result the primary condition calculated as the field of force calculates field of force evolutionary process using model, obtains substrate deformation and strain field result；
The analog result and experimental measurements adjustment force field boundary condition of comparison deformation and strain field, until analog result can be with experiment
Measurement result matching, completes the calibration in the finite element field of force；Complete the calibration of finite element thermal influence zone.Utilize calibration
The temperature field of any moment, deformation, strain field and stress field in model analysis forming process, and probe into temperature field and the field of force and develop
Between the mechanism that influences each other.
Data are handled, just obtain the temperature curve of thermocouple measurement substrate and drip molding as shown in figure 4, displacement passes
Sensor measure the deformation curve of substrate as shown in figure 5, thermal imaging system monitoring substrate and drip molding bulk temperature field such as Fig. 6 institute
Show, the strain field of 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge monitoring substrate and drip molding is as shown in Figure 7.
By measurement process and the measurement result of the example, it can be concluded that, the present invention is real by carrying out to heat-deformation-strain field
When accurately monitor and analysed in depth, the verification of Yi Shixian high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone can
The Evolution and inefficacy mechanism of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing process substrate and drip molding deformation are verified, to establish effective control base board
The process even to fail is deformed with drip molding to lay the foundation.
Claims (9)
1. the method for calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone, which is characterized in that include the following steps,
Step 1, will verification data measurement unit initialization, to high energy beam increasing material manufacturing processing in cladding process and heat-deformation-
Strain Real-time test amount；Data logger acquires the displacement signal of thermocouple temperature measurement data and displacement sensor, and thermal imaging is adopted
Collecting system collects temperature field signal, and 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain measurement data collection system collects strain field signal；
Step 2, high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone frame, input material attribute and grid division are established；So
Initial temperature field boundary condition is rule of thumb set afterwards, established modeling is utilized to calculate the temperature field of forming process, it will
The temperature field result that analog result is surveyed with thermocouple temperature measurement data and thermal imaging acquisition system compares and analyzes, according to simulation
It has completed with experimental measurements discrepancy adjustment temperature boundaries condition until analog result is matched with experimental measurements
Limit the calibration in first temperature field；
Step 3, it is calculated according to experiment process setting field of force boundary condition and using the temperature field result of calibration as the field of force
Primary condition is calculated the field of force evolutionary process of forming process using modeling, obtains substrate deformation and strain field result；By mould
Quasi- substrate deformation and strain field result is compared and analyzed with surveyed substrate deformation and strain field result is tested, according to error
Adjustment force field boundary condition completes the calibration in the finite element field of force until analog result can be matched with experimental measurements；It is i.e. complete
At the calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone；
Wherein, the verification data measurement unit, including workbench, and the chucking appliance system and data that are installed on the workbench
Acquisition system；
The chucking appliance system includes the substrate fixed plate (2) being successively fixedly installed from the top down, upper bracket (3) and lower bracket
(5)；Substrate fixed plate (2) is fixed on that upper bracket (3) upper end is unilateral to be gripped substrate (13), upper bracket (3) and lower bracket (5)
Between fixed clamp setting with substrate (13) displacement sensor fixed plate (8) disposed in parallel；The side fixation of upper bracket (3) is set
Set thermocouple temperature measurement frame (17)；
The data collection system includes the thermocouple (9) that thermocouple temperature measurement point is arranged in by thermocouple temperature measurement frame (17),
The displacement sensor (10) being fixed on displacement sensor fixed plate (8), the three-dimensional being oppositely arranged with thermocouple temperature measurement frame (17)
Digital dynamic speckle strain measurement instrument, and the thermal imaging system (11) being oppositely arranged with upper bracket (3)；Displacement sensor (10)
In substrate lower end, the collection terminal of 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge and thermal imaging system (11) is directed at base for measuring head setting
Plate (13) and processing district.
2. the method for calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone according to claim 1, feature exist
In, when being initialized in step 1, thermocouple and displacement sensor are connected with data logger, and is debugged, preparation reception
Temperature signal and deformation signal；Thermal imaging system data collection system is debugged, prepares to receive thermal imaging signal；It is dynamic to debug 3-dimensional digital
State speckle strain measurement instrument data collection system prepares to receive strain signal.
3. the method for calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone according to claim 1, feature exist
In when Real-time test amount, the temperature change of drip molding measurement position can be obtained according to thermocouple temperature measurement data in step 1；
Data collecting instrument records the voltage signal of displacement sensor output, and is believed the voltage of extraction with voltage transformational relation according to displacement
Number being converted into displacement signal obtains the real-time deformation process of substrate.
4. the method for calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone according to claim 1, feature exist
In in step 1, radiance and energy transmission rate to thermal imaging system in forming process are calibrated；Using measured by thermocouple
Temperature measuring point accurate temperature value the corresponding points temperature value that thermal imaging system monitors is calibrated, i.e., acquisition thermal imaging system monitored
Accurate radiance and energy transmission rate in journey, then adopt all temperature measuring points under thermal imaging camera visual field in entire forming process
With resulting accurate radiance and energy transmission rate, thermal imaging system calibration is completed.
5. the method for calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone according to claim 1, feature exist
In in step 2, initial temperature field boundary condition includes S. E. A., convection coefficient and thermal emissivity rate.
6. the method for calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone according to claim 1, feature exist
In being provided with several jacks on the thermocouple temperature measurement frame (17), be provided with alundum tube in jack；The thermometric of thermocouple (9)
Head passes through alundum tube and is exposed to end of the alundum tube close to processing district, and the thermocouple wire of thermocouple (9) is welded on annealed state base
At the different location of plate.
7. the method for calibration of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone according to claim 1, feature exist
In 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge includes the first 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge mirror of angled setting
Head (4) and the second 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge camera lens (6)；The setting of 3-dimensional digital dynamic speckle strain gauge exists
With workbench on fixed strain gauge bracket (7), the height and angle of strain gauge bracket (7) can be adjusted.
8. the method for high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone according to claim 1, which is characterized in that heat
Imager (11) is arranged on the thermal imaging system bracket (12) fixed with workbench, the height and angle of thermal imaging system bracket (12)
It can adjust.
9. the method for high energy beam increasing material manufacturing finite element thermal influence zone according to claim 1, which is characterized in that position
The sensing head setting of displacement sensor (10) is in side of substrate (13) bottom far from aid end.
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