CN111693168A - Substrate multipoint temperature monitoring and deformation measuring system and working method - Google Patents
Substrate multipoint temperature monitoring and deformation measuring system and working method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111693168A CN111693168A CN202010501994.0A CN202010501994A CN111693168A CN 111693168 A CN111693168 A CN 111693168A CN 202010501994 A CN202010501994 A CN 202010501994A CN 111693168 A CN111693168 A CN 111693168A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K7/00—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements
- G01K7/02—Measuring temperature based on the use of electric or magnetic elements directly sensitive to heat ; Power supply therefor, e.g. using thermoelectric elements using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K1/00—Details of thermometers not specially adapted for particular types of thermometer
- G01K1/14—Supports; Fastening devices; Arrangements for mounting thermometers in particular locations
Abstract
The invention discloses a substrate multipoint temperature monitoring and deformation measuring system and a working method, wherein the system acquires the point temperature on a substrate in real time through a plurality of temperature sensors, acquires the deformation data of the substrate in real time through a laser ranging sensor, can realize the dynamic change process of the temperature of a substrate characteristic point in the forming process of a laser/arc fuse wire additive manufacturing process, and synchronously acquires the real-time warping deformation quantity of a substrate under the additive forming heat accumulation effect; the invention can monitor the real-time quantitative change of the needed substrate characteristic point temperature along with the dynamic change process of the arc fuse wire additive forming process and the heat accumulation effect of the substrate in real time, the sampling frequency can be adjusted according to the actual working condition, the number of the temperature sensors and the number of the substrate deformation sensors are not fixed, the temperature sensors and the number of the substrate deformation sensors can be increased according to the actual requirement, the system is easy to install and debug, complex processes are avoided, the operation is simple and easy, the long-time operation can be realized, and the stored measurement data has no access limitation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of laser/electric arc additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a substrate multipoint temperature monitoring and deformation measuring system and a working method.
Background
The Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) and the Laser Additive Manufacturing (WLAM) take wires as raw materials, and the wires are melted and stacked layer by layer through an electric Arc to form a compact metal part. The additive manufacturing ASTM F3187-16 standard classifies the WAAM technique to one of the Direct Energy Deposition (DED) techniques. According to the different characteristics of the heat source of the WAAM process, the Welding method is divided into three types of Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW), Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) and Plasma Gas Arc Welding (PAW). GMAW-based consumable electrode processes are 2-3 times more efficient than GTAW and PAW processes. GMAW, however, produces more fumes and spatter due to the direct action of the arc on the wire during the forming process. The maximum energy density possessed by the PAW can realize high-speed forming of high-melting-point refractory metal and reduce deformation. Fuse additive manufacturing processes are of great interest in the manufacture of large components at their high efficiency and low cost.
The mechanical properties of components manufactured by WAAM and WLAM processes are in many cases comparable to conventionally machined components, even exceeding conventional subtractive and other additive manufacturing techniques, but efforts must be made to avoid forming defects in additive manufacturing for critical components. During WAAM forming, an arc is present between the substrate and the torch, excessive heat input can cause spatter, resulting in inclusions and other defects that must be avoided, such as porosity, high residual stress and cracks, particularly in parts operating in extreme environments, which can lead to failures such as cracking, high temperature fatigue, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects and provides a substrate multipoint temperature monitoring and deformation measuring system and a working method, which can be used for measuring the temperature change history of multiple points on a substrate in the forming process in real time, quantitatively monitoring the dynamic deformation and distortion process of the substrate in the forming process, storing real-time data of multiple characteristics and substrate deformation, providing original data support for process research, and synchronously verifying the situations of arc additive manufacturing temperature field simulation, heat input control and the like.
In order to achieve the aim, the multi-point temperature monitoring and deformation measuring system for the substrate comprises a substrate, a plurality of temperature sensors are arranged on the substrate, a plurality of laser ranging sensors are arranged on the side face of the substrate, the temperature sensors are used for collecting the temperature of characteristic points on the substrate, the laser ranging sensors are used for collecting deformation quantities of the surface of the characteristic points of the substrate, all the temperature sensors are connected with a temperature collecting module of a controller PLC, all the laser ranging sensors are connected with an analog quantity collecting module of the controller PLC, the controller PLC is connected with a computer, and the computer is used for collecting data of the temperature sensors and the laser ranging sensors in real time and displaying and storing the data.
The temperature sensor adopts a shim type thermocouple temperature sensor.
The temperature sensor is fixed on the substrate through screws.
The controller PLC is connected with a computer through a network.
A working method of a substrate multipoint temperature monitoring and deformation measuring system comprises the following steps:
step one, distributing a plurality of temperature sensors at corresponding positions on a substrate according to the requirements of laser/electric arc additive manufacturing;
secondly, arranging a plurality of laser ranging sensors on the side surface of the substrate, and enabling the laser ranging sensors to cover the characteristic points of the whole substrate according to required working conditions;
step three, during laser/electric arc additive manufacturing, all temperature sensors continuously acquire point temperatures on the substrate, and the laser ranging sensors continuously acquire deformation quantities of the surface of the substrate;
step four, the temperature sensor sends the point temperature on the substrate to the computer, and the laser ranging sensor sends the deformation quantity of the substrate surface to the computer;
and fifthly, displaying and storing the data sent by the temperature sensor and the laser ranging sensor in real time by the computer.
In the first step, firstly, the arrangement position of the temperature sensor is determined on the substrate according to the actual working condition, holes are punched and tapped at the arrangement position, and the temperature sensor is fixed in the holes through screws.
In the fourth step, the data of the temperature sensor and the laser ranging sensor are transmitted to the PC in the form of OPC.
Compared with the prior art, the system provided by the invention has the advantages that the point temperature on the substrate is collected in real time through the temperature sensors, the deformation data of the substrate is collected in real time through the laser ranging sensor, the dynamic change process of the temperature of the characteristic point of the substrate in the forming process of the laser/arc fuse additive manufacturing process can be realized, and the real-time warping deformation quantity of the substrate under the additive forming heat accumulation effect is synchronously obtained; the invention can monitor the real-time quantitative change of the needed substrate characteristic point temperature along with the dynamic change process of the arc fuse wire additive forming process and the heat accumulation effect of the substrate in real time, the sampling frequency can be adjusted according to the actual working condition, the number of the temperature sensors and the number of the substrate deformation sensors are not fixed, the temperature sensors and the number of the substrate deformation sensors can be increased according to the actual requirement, the system is easy to install and debug, complex processes are avoided, the operation is simple and easy, the long-time operation can be realized, and the stored measurement data has no access limitation.
The working method can increase or decrease the number of the required gasket type thermocouples and the laser ranging sensors according to the actual working condition, can automatically determine the installation positions of the sensors according to the actual working condition, and has strong adaptability; the accessed data volume is effective data, namely the temperature change process of the corresponding characteristic point and the warping deformation of the characteristic point of the substrate, the data can be synchronously added with a time coordinate according to a sampled time node, the data storage volume in unit time is reduced, the relative speed of data storage is improved, the system can work for a long time, and the reliability and the stability are high. Therefore, the invention can provide a platform for researching the distribution condition of the thermal field and the deformation condition of the substrate in the forming process, provides effective data information for the experiment and the simulation of the arc fuse additive manufacturing process, and is convenient for realizing the high-quality and rapid additive of a printed product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a temperature sensor of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the laser ranging sensor of the present invention;
wherein, 1, a wire feeder; 2. a welding gun; 3. a welding machine; 4. a temperature sensor; 5. a substrate; 6. a laser ranging sensor; 7. an analog quantity acquisition module; 8. a PLC controller; 9. a temperature acquisition module; 10. and (4) a computer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, a multipoint temperature monitoring and deformation measuring system for a substrate comprises a substrate 5, a plurality of temperature sensors 4 are arranged on the substrate 5, a plurality of laser ranging sensors 6 are arranged on the side surface of the substrate 5, the temperature sensors 4 are used for collecting the temperatures of characteristic points on the substrate, the laser ranging sensors 6 are used for collecting deformation quantities of the surfaces of the characteristic points of the substrate 5, all the temperature sensors 4 are connected to a temperature collecting module 9 of a controller PLC8, all the laser ranging sensors 6 are connected to an analog quantity collecting module 7 of a controller PLC8, the controller PLC8 is connected with a network cable connecting computer 10, and the computer 10 is used for collecting data of the temperature sensors 4 and the laser ranging sensors 6 in real time and displaying and storing the data.
A working method of a substrate multipoint temperature monitoring and deformation measuring system comprises the following steps:
firstly, arranging a plurality of temperature sensors 4 at corresponding positions on a substrate 5 according to the requirements of laser/electric arc additive manufacturing, firstly, determining the arrangement positions of the temperature sensors 4 on the substrate 5, punching and tapping at the arrangement positions, and fixing the temperature sensors 4 in holes through screws;
secondly, arranging a plurality of laser ranging sensors 6 on the side surface of the substrate 5, so that the laser ranging sensors 6 can cover the required characteristic points of the whole substrate 5 according to working conditions;
step three, during laser/electric arc additive manufacturing, all temperature sensors 4 continuously acquire the point temperature on the substrate 5, and the laser ranging sensor 6 continuously acquires the deformation quantity of the surface of the substrate 5;
step four, the temperature sensor 4 sends the point temperature on the substrate 5 to the PLC controller 8, the laser ranging sensor 6 sends the deformation quantity of the surface of the substrate 5 to the PLC controller 8, and the PLC controller 8 transmits the data to the computer 10;
and step five, the computer 8 displays and stores the data sent by the temperature sensor 4 and the laser ranging sensor 6.
The temperature sensor 4 adopts a K-type gasket type thermocouple temperature sensor, the laser ranging sensor 6 adopts a high-precision laser ranging sensor Panasonic HGC1100, the temperature acquisition module 9 adopts a Siemens S71200PLC special temperature acquisition module, the analog acquisition module can select the Siemens S71200PLC special analog acquisition module according to the number of channels, TC1 and TC2 respectively represent corresponding temperature buses for transmitting temperature data in the sampling process, and each path of data can be uniformly distributed, scattered and expanded into multiple paths.
The number of the temperature sensors 4 and the number of the laser ranging sensors 6 are not fixed values, the number increase and decrease can be determined according to actual working conditions, wherein the number of the temperature sensors 4 is matched with the Siemens temperature acquisition module, the single temperature acquisition module 6 can be matched with 8 paths of temperature sensors 4 at present, the output form of the laser ranging sensors 6 is 4-20mA type, and an analog quantity input module supporting the signals needs to be matched.
Referring to fig. 2, the temperature sensor 4 is fixed on the forming substrate in a screw connection mode, holes and threads can be punched and tapped at a required position according to actual working conditions, the tapping depth is 5mm, the size of the substrate is larger than or equal to 10mm, the size of a connecting screw can be selected to be M4, thermocouples can be uniformly distributed on the surface of the substrate in the embodiment, the installation of the thermocouples includes but is limited to the upper surface of the substrate, the measurement and the back of the substrate can be installed according to the actual working conditions, the selected gasket K-type thermocouple can be directly connected to a Siemens PLC temperature acquisition module, and the K-type thermocouple is selected in the configuration process.
Referring to fig. 3, the laser distance measuring sensor 6 employs a panasonic hgc1100, whose measurement repetition precision is 70um, whose measurement center is H100 mm, and the actual distance from the substrate is ± 35 mm; the laser displacement sensor is fixed on a forming workbench through a simple clamp with certain rigidity, the output of the laser displacement sensor is a 4-20mA standard signal, the transmission distance of a current signal is larger than that of a voltage signal, the laser displacement sensor is suitable for the large-scale working condition of the complex working condition, the laser displacement sensor needs to be perpendicular to a measuring surface when being installed, the distance from the measuring surface is 100mm, and when the display value of a reference sensor in the actual debugging process is 0, the deformation amount delta E corresponding to the 4mA current_4mA＝h1-100-35 mm, i.e. the substrate is warped upwards, the maximum vertical warping point is deformed to 35mm, and the deformation amount Δ E corresponding to 20mA current_20mA＝h235mm, i.e. the substrate is warped downwards, the maximum vertical warping point becomes 35mm, the overall measurement of the system is within-35-35 mm.
The controller adopts Siemens S7-1200PLC, starts to collect the required characteristic point temperature data and the dynamic deformation quantity of the substrate at multiple points after receiving signals sent by a welding machine, can set the actually required sampling frequency according to the actual working condition requirements, utilizes labview software to realize the communication between the PLC and the PC, transmits the data to the PC in the form of OPC, writes the data into excel or txt, synchronizes the change course of the software display data along with the time, and has better interactivity.
The system comprises, but is not limited to, WAAM (wide area access technology) processes such as a laser printing head, an arc printing head, plasma, an electron beam and the like, and occasions requiring multipoint temperature measurement and adopting a high-precision laser ranging sensor to measure deformation, and meanwhile, the system can be practically applied to single-end suspension and double-end fixing scenes.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a base plate multiple spot temperature monitoring and deformation measurement system, a serial communication port, including base plate (5), a plurality of temperature sensor (4) have been laid on base plate (5), base plate (5) side is provided with a plurality of laser range sensor (6), temperature sensor (4) are used for gathering the characteristic point temperature on the base plate, laser range sensor (6) are used for gathering the deformation volume on base plate (5) characteristic point surface, all temperature sensor (4) are temperature acquisition module (9) of connection controller PLC (8), analog quantity collection module (7) at controller PLC (8) are all connected in all laser range sensor (6), controller PLC (8) connect computer (10), computer (10) are used for gathering the data of temperature sensor (4) and laser range sensor (6) in real time, and show and store.
2. The system for multipoint temperature monitoring and deformation measurement of a substrate according to claim 1, wherein the temperature sensor (4) is a shim thermocouple temperature sensor.
3. A substrate multipoint temperature monitoring and deformation measuring system according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature sensor (4) is fixed to the substrate (5) by screws.
4. The system for multipoint temperature monitoring and deformation measurement of a substrate according to claim 1, wherein the controller PLC (8) is connected to the computer (10) through a network.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
step one, according to the requirements of laser/electric arc additive manufacturing, arranging a plurality of temperature sensors (4) at corresponding positions on a substrate (5);
secondly, arranging a plurality of laser ranging sensors (6) on the side surface of the substrate (5), and enabling the laser ranging sensors (6) to cover the characteristic points of the whole substrate (5) according to required working conditions;
step three, during laser/electric arc additive manufacturing, all temperature sensors (4) continuously acquire point temperatures on the substrate (5), and the laser ranging sensor (6) continuously acquires deformation quantity of the surface of the substrate (5);
step four, the temperature sensor (4) sends the point temperature on the substrate (5) to the computer (10), and the laser ranging sensor (6) sends the deformation quantity of the surface of the substrate (5) to the computer (10);
and fifthly, displaying and storing the data sent by the temperature sensor (4) and the laser ranging sensor (6) in real time by the computer (10).
6. The working method of the substrate multipoint temperature monitoring and deformation measuring system according to claim 5, characterized in that in the first step, the arrangement position of the temperature sensor (4) is determined on the substrate (5) according to the actual working condition, the arrangement position is punched and tapped, and the temperature sensor (4) is fixed in the hole through a screw.
7. The method of claim 5, wherein in the fourth step, the data of the temperature sensor (4) and the data of the laser ranging sensor (6) are transmitted to the PC in the form of OPC.
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Application publication date: 20200922 |