CN108117214A - Shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing processing method and equipment - Google Patents

Shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing processing method and equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108117214A
CN108117214A CN201711420885.0A CN201711420885A CN108117214A CN 108117214 A CN108117214 A CN 108117214A CN 201711420885 A CN201711420885 A CN 201711420885A CN 108117214 A CN108117214 A CN 108117214A
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water
evaporator
waste water
tubulation
xun huan
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CN108117214B (en
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翟俊
杨忠平
肖海文
李锋超
陈忠礼
姚婧梅
李伟
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Chongqing University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D1/00Evaporating
    • B01D1/04Evaporators with horizontal tubes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56Macromolecular compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/72Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
    • C02F1/722Oxidation by peroxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F2001/007Processes including a sedimentation step
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2301/00General aspects of water treatment
    • C02F2301/08Multistage treatments, e.g. repetition of the same process step under different conditions
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2305/00Use of specific compounds during water treatment
    • C02F2305/02Specific form of oxidant
    • C02F2305/026Fenton's reagent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F5/00Softening water; Preventing scale; Adding scale preventatives or scale removers to water, e.g. adding sequestering agents

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of processing method and equipment of shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid add in flocculant first into waste liquid and carry out coagulation pretreatment and pass through filter press press filtration, realize separation of solid and liquid;Filter press is filtered out into water by Fenton oxidation further by the hardly degraded organic substance oxidative degradation in waste water;Using static mixer, NaOH is added into the waste water after Fenton reactions in pipeline, precipitates the Fe in water3+Ion, solution carry out separation of solid and liquid after sedimentation basin precipitates by filter press, and filtrate is filtered by sandfiltration pot;The waste water after sandfiltration pot filters finally is pumped into Xun Huan column tube evaporimeter and is evaporated concentration, the processing water after concentration carries out outward transport processing.Sludge caused by each link carries out sanitary landfills.The each process section of the present invention is all linked with one another, and technique is complete, extensive to the applicability of water inlet.Flow is simple, energy-efficient simultaneously, and operating cost is low, and system structure is compact, and the wastewater flow rate of outward transport processing can be greatly reduced.

Description

Shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid cycle tubulation evaporation minimizing processing method and Equipment
Technical field
The present invention relates to the places of industrial wastewater pollution process field, the more particularly to minimizing of shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Science and engineering skill.
Background technology
Shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid be generated during shale gas exploitation one kind " it is special work (work) industry give up Water ".The fracturing waste liquor that China's shale gas exploitation is discharged every year is up to 1,000,000 tons or so.It is counted with closing, every mouthful of shale gas production Well fracturing fluid about 30~50m3/d.Its component is sufficiently complex, mainly contains that oils, various guanidine glue, formaldehyde etc. are a variety of to be had The many kinds of substance such as all kinds of chemical treatments such as machine additive, sulfate, bacterium.Therefore the fracturing fluid of shale gas has height The features such as COD value, high salinity, high stability, high viscosity, penetrating odor are strong, difficult degradation, to the very harmful of environment.This After a little substances enter environment, after underground water and surface water environment, it will feedwater, native environmental system bring persistence Pollution, production and long term growth to shale gas cause immeasurable loss.Therefore, fracturing fluid is treated as Restrict one of critical environments problem in shale gas development process.
However, being limited by field condition and technical merit, the treatment technology of China's shale gas fracturing waste liquor is still immature, very To some it is unprocessed just directly by waste liquid re-injection or be discharged into environment, this is further exacerbated at shale gas fracturing waste liquor The urgency of reason.At present, common fracturing waste liquor treatment process mainly has " Fenton oxidation-flocculation-SBR Combined Treatments ", " wadding Solidifying-oil removal-photochemical catalytic oxidation ", " Fenton oxidation-flocculation reinjection technology ", " flocculation-oil removal-precipitation-twin-stage oxygen Change ", " de- steady-filtering-O of chemistry3/H2O2- composite catalytic oxidation-deep oxidation " etc..Said combination technique can be realized The mutual supplement with each other's advantages of single technology improves treatment effect, reduces consumption of chemical agent, reduces cost etc..But these techniques concentrate on Processing for suspended material in waste water and organic matter is not obvious for the treatment effect of salt in waste water.Again due to shale gas Salt content is very high in fracturing waste liquor, therefore, difficult for one that is treated as the processing of shale gas fracturing waste liquor of salt in waste liquid Topic.And these treatment process rest on the experimental study stage mostly, and Practical Project is with less, even if a small number of applications, processing Reinjected water is transported outward afterwards or discharge water is still larger, and outward transport, re-injection cost is caused to remain high.
With domestic increasingly serious environmental problem, generated fracturing waste liquor during shale gas exploitation is carried out high Effect, inexpensive decrement treatment become the active demand of its development.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to be directed to the problem of existing shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid treating capacity is big, one kind is provided The shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing efficient, easy to operate, easy to remove, processing cost is low Processing method and equipment, have the characteristics that complicated component, variability and dispersiveness for fracturing fluid in itself, and emphasis is realized Waste liquid minimizing, to solve the problems, such as China's shale gas exploitation industry fracturing fluid processing.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
A kind of shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing processing method, including following several steps Suddenly:
1st, coagulating sedimentation pre-processes:Fracturing outlet liquid is pumped into coagulation pretreatment tank, with chemicals feeder to fracturing outlet liquid Sodium carbonate (Na is added in waste water2CO3) and aluminium system aluminium polychloride (PAC) progress coagulation pretreatment, make Ca2+、Mg2+Ion is formed Precipitation, while remove the impurity such as the turbidity in waste water, suspended matter, fracturing fluid residual components and crude oil.The coagulation pretreatment When, the hydraulic detention time of flocculation process is 15 ± 5min.If the organic matter of fracturing outlet liquid, SS and other material concentration mistakes Height, it is gluey to be that waste liquid is presented, then can first carry out filter press press filtration, realize separation of solid and liquid, and filtering out waste water, to carry out coagulating sedimentation again pre- Processing.
2nd, Fenton deep oxidations:Water outlet realizes separation of solid and liquid, filters out waste water certainly through filter press press filtration after coagulation pretreatment Stream adjusts tank into water inlet, then is pumped into Fenton retort, H2O2In Fe3+Under the catalytic action of ion by Fenton oxidation into One step degrades the hardly degraded organic substance deep oxidation in waste water, and the reaction time is 1.25 ± 0.25h.
3rd, precipitation filtering:Waste water after Fenton oxidation is flowed into sedimentation basin, by being mounted on pipe in flow process Static mixer in road adds the Fe in NaOH precipitation water into the waste water after Fenton reactions3+Ion, solution is through sedimentation basin Separation of solid and liquid is carried out by filter press again after precipitation, filtrate flows into sandfiltration pot filtering.
4th, it is concentrated by evaporation:The waste water gone out after sandfiltration pot is pumped into Xun Huan tubulation atmospheric evaporator and is evaporated concentration, treats Cheng Wei:Waste water is first pumped into the spray system in evaporator through water circulating pump, and abundant mist is equably sprayed into tower by water distributor The waste water of change, atomization waste water flow through the heat cycles tubulation for being passed through high-temperature vapour, are filled between heat cycles tubulation under the effect of gravity Honeycomb padding is filled with, forms thin film shape current, increases heat exchange area and heat-exchange time, the air of dry high break value exists Entered under the action of high-power blower by bottom in tower, and control evaporator outlet wind speed waste water flows through filler in 12-20m/s The moisture film formed during surface and swiftly flowing air carry out heat exchange rapid vaporization and enter gas phase into vapor, realize waste water It is concentrated by evaporation, air provides a part of heat needed for waste water evaporation, and another part heat is heated by cycling tubulation and provided, afterwards The air of the low break value of high humility is extracted out from top of tower;Remaining waste water falls back to the cycling header tank of base of evaporator, then by following Ring water pump is sent into spray system circulating and evaporating;The water droplet carried secretly in air is stopped by the dehydrator in tower, falls after rise into heat cycles The reheated evaporation in tubulation surface.
5th, the waste water after concentrating is excluded via base of evaporator pipeline, outward transport processing.Sludge after press filtration carries out outward transport and defends Raw landfill disposal.
Wherein, it is 28%-30% in the PAC contents of coagulating sedimentation pretreatment stage, the hardness of water outlet is no more than 450mg/ L, coagulating sedimentation are that pH value is 9, and flocculation basin hydraulic detention time is 15 ± 5min.
In Fenton oxidation stage H2O2/ COD mass ratio=7.1, reaction time are 1.25 ± 0.25h.
In precipitation filtration stage sandfiltration pot filtering, hydraulic detention time is 1 ± 0.5h, and pH value should be 9.
The present invention proposes to realize the shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing of the above method simultaneously Processing equipment, including being arranged successively by the coagulation filling of pipeline connection, Fenton retort, filter press, sedimentation basin, sandfiltration pot, Xun Huan Pipe atmospheric evaporator, steam boiler, water softening plant and softening water tank;It further includes the sodium carbonate being connected with coagulation filling and PAC adds What medicine device, the hydrogen peroxide being connected with Fenton retort and ferric sulfate and sulfuric acid chemicals dosing plant and static mixer were connected Sodium hydroxide chemicals dosing plant, static mixer, suction pump and respective valves are set on pipeline.
Equipment employs the cycling tubulation atmospheric evaporator of special construction, for square or circular tower structure, evaporator Tower in wind turbine, water collection device, water distributor, cycle tube still heater, packing area and cycle header tank are set, set outside tower and draw water Pump.
Wind turbine is axial-flow type high-power blower, is located at evaporator top exit, wind turbine model and power are by required evaporation Air quantity determines, but the power of wind turbine must assure that evaporator outlet wind speed reaches 12-20m/s.
Water distributor is located at evaporator top, and by being in being formed with water conduit tube and branch pipe and nozzle for dendroid arrangement, nozzle is adopted With big flow atomizer, moisturizing pipe diameter and nozzle specification are selected according to design water, and nozzle quantity and arrangement are by cloth Water flow and single-nozzle spray flow determine.
Water collection device is mounted between water distributor and wind turbine, is corrosion-resistant material, is made as waveform.
It cycles in the packing area that tube still heater is mounted in the middle part of evaporator, using band fin anti-corrosion and high temperature resistant, high pressure Stainless steel or copper tube make, and use shape as disc or U-typed coil arrangement, it is ensured that and the fluid of big flow suppresses Xun Huan, Tube still heater and tower external heat source unicom are cycled, the length and the number of plies for cycling tubulation are calculated by required heat exchange amount.
The filler of packing area is made of heat safe anti-corrosion material, honeycomb structure, is filled in Xun Huan tubulation heating Between device coil pipe, cycling tube still heater is surrounded.
Evaporator lower part sets air inlet, and bottom sets cycling header tank.
It is encapsulated outside said structure using anti-corrosion material, forms Xun Huan tubulation atmospheric evaporator unit casing.
The features of the present invention is as follows:
1st, the method for the present invention is used as cycle tubulation using chemical coagulation-Fenton deep oxidations-physics press filtration combination technique It is concentrated by evaporation pre-treatment step.Water outlet is directly carried out after filter press press filtration at follow-up Fenton deep oxidations after coagulation pretreatment Reason.Water outlet after deep oxidation is recirculated back to belt filter press press filtration after precipitation.This technological process is simple, passes through chemical coagulation The processing of+Fenton deep oxidations can effectively remove most of organic pollutant and suspended solid in waste water, through press filtration It realizes separation of solid and liquid, the evaporation efficiency of waste water can be effectively improved, prevent fouling of evaporator.
2nd, the special atmospheric evaporator for employing the column tube evaporimeter containing cycle of the present invention is as evaporation concentration equipment, to materialization Processed waste water carries out low-temperature evaporation concentration, and the outer freight volume of waste water is greatly reduced, can effectively reduce processing cost.The present invention's is big The evaporator or cooling tower that gas evaporator and the prior art often use are structurally different, also there is essential distinction in principle.It is logical Normal evaporator or cooling tower is to be entered by the air of low break value in tower, and the processing current higher with temperature carry out heat exchange Afterwards, the hot wind of high break value is extracted out from top, achievees the purpose that cooling processing water water temperature;And the atmospheric evaporator of the present invention is to pass through The air of dry higher enthalpy value enters under high-power shaft flow fan effect in tower, and gas transfers heat to useless in tower Water provides the partial heat needed for waste water evaporation, and the air of low enthalpy value high humility is extracted out by wind turbine afterwards, and Xun Huan is improved with this The evaporation capacity of waste water, achievees the purpose that concentration.Heating can be greatly reduced in Xun Huan tubulation atmospheric evaporator compared with conventional evaporator Energy consumption.Compared with carrying out subsequent processing with bioanalysis, for treatment facility is smaller, treatment process is simple, operation the advantages of this method Cost reduction is wider to the influent quality scope of application.During with Biochemical method, the waste liquid of high salinity may be to microorganism Growth has inhibitory action, influences treatment effect, and evaporation and concentration rule is used to be avoided that this problem.And it is evaporated one side of processing Waste water can be carried out minimizing by face, effectively reduce processing cost, and the outer freight volume of waste water is greatly reduced;On the other hand, by shale gas Fracturing waste liquor concentrates, and is conducive to that the metallic salt recycling in waste liquid can effectively be solved shale when subsequently outward transport is handled The problem of salt content is higher in gas fracturing waste liquor, by the metallic salt recycling in waste liquid.
This atmospheric evaporator has several apparent structure innovations, and concrete analysis is as follows:
(1) this evaporator has to using high-power blower, i.e., to ensure that evaporator outlet wind speed reaches 12-20m/s, this It is because this evaporator purpose to be achieved is:Waste water evaporates required energy and is not all of being provided by heating tubulation, but Design heating tubulation only provides part evaporation institute calorific requirement, and a large amount of enthalpies that another part is pumped by high-power blower are higher Air provides.I.e. in atmospheric evaporator, a required heat part for waste liquid evaporation is conducted heat by air to be provided, and a part is by following The heating of circular row pipe provides.Since liquid evaporation speed is related with liquid surface air velocity, the flowing velocity of moisture film liquid level air It is bigger, be more conducive to accelerate evaporation rate, therefore by high-power blower, using the advantage that its wind speed is high, gas flux is big, add Keen draft leads to, and improves the flowing velocity of water surface air, the water vapour molecule of effusion is made to spread rapidly, maintains evaporation and diffusion power For constant, do not make its reduction, gas flow and gas flow rate in evaporator can be improved, so as to improve evaporation efficiency, can so save Heating energy consumption is saved, the energy consumption that total energy consumption is heated offer waste water evaporation institute calorific requirement by heating tubulation more entirely is greatly reduced, this essence It is the innovation in this evaporator principle.
(2) in order to improve the enthalpy of the air of high-power blower suction, the air inlet of evaporator can first pass through evaporator one side Set into air duct, into air duct in be provided with air dry combustion method pipe, to being heated into the air in evaporator, further improve The enthalpy of air and air inlet is made to keep drying, improved so as to be conducive to evaporation efficiency inside evaporator.
(3) the cycling tubulation of this evaporator is arranged in packing area rather than arranged apart, when waste water is drenched into packing area A longer residence time can be obtained, this time can be utilized by circulating-heating tubulation simultaneously, when lengthening the heating to waste water Between, while packing area surface area is big, heat transfer area increases after waste water forms moisture film, can improve the efficiency of heating surface.
(4) this evaporator does not carry out additional heating first and is steamed to improve to the waste water by water circulating pump promotion circulated sprinkling Efficiency is sent out, is because if waste water is first heated, waste water temperature can be more much higher than air themperature, and the heat of water can pass to temperature Relatively low air causes thermal loss, and waste water evaporation process is an endothermic process, and such case appearance can be unfavorable for waste water Evaporation, the waste water cycle of this evaporator is to be put into using circulating pump Natural Circulation, while by steam heating tubulation in packing area, The temperature difference between air and waste water will not be caused, so as to reduce unnecessary heat loss.It is carried in addition, atmospheric evaporator is provided with Air dry combustion method pipe into air duct, the air into evaporator can be heated one step ahead, improve the enthalpy into evaporator air Value, the air of entrance, which transfers heat to waste water, can be more advantageous to waste water evaporation endothermic.
(5) filler of honeycomb structure and high-temperature resistant anti-corrosive material is employed in this atmospheric evaporator, service life is long, bee Nest shape structured packing large specific surface area, the contact area that on the one hand can be effectively increased between waste water and air make hydrone escape machine It can increase, on the other hand, increase heat exchange area, accelerate evaporation rate.
3rd, controlled in present invention operation using continuum micromeehanics by valve, realize waste water in coagulating basin, Fenton oxidation Continuous operating status between pond, filter press, sandfiltration pot and evaporator, the retardance that intermittent duty is avoided to bring improve operation effect Rate;
4th, present device is simple, and flow is short, easy to maintain, without construction on site reaction tank and other structure buildings;Make Use long lifespan;Whole set process flow can realize automation control, greatly reduce personnel depaly;
The treatment process of the present invention is a kind of to handle page using chemical coagulation-physics press filtration-high-efficiency evaporating concentration technique The physical chemistry combination treatment method and system of rock gas fracturing fluid, method and system using the present invention can be in economy With technically effective fracturing outlet liquid processing during solving the problems, such as China's shale gas exploitation.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing treatment process schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of structure diagram of the Xun Huan tubulation atmospheric evaporator of concrete structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structure diagram of the Xun Huan tubulation atmospheric evaporator of another concrete structure of the invention.
In figure, 1-coagulation fills;2-Fenton retort;3-filter press;4-sedimentation basin;5-sandfiltration pot;6-hydrogen-oxygen Change sodium chemicals dosing plant;7-sodium carbonate and PAC chemicals dosing plants;8-hydrogen peroxide, ferric sulfate and sulfuric acid chemicals dosing plant;9-Xun Huan row Pipe atmospheric evaporator;10-static mixer;11-suction pump;901-axial flow blower;902-shell;903-water collection device; 904-water distributor;905-nozzle;906-Xun Huan tubular heat exchanger;907-filler;908-air-inlet grille;909-flow Meter;910-water circulating pump;911-make-up cooling water case;912-automatic water replenishing device;913-discharge outlet;914-pedestal;915— Pressure gauge;916-observation window;917-air inlet tube stent;918-into air duct;919-air dry combustion method pipe.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with attached drawing
Refering to attached drawing 1, shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing processing proposed by the present invention is set It is standby to include filling 1, Fenton retort 2, filter press 3, sedimentation basin 4, sandfiltration pot 5, Xun Huan tubulation by the coagulation of pipeline connection successively Evaporator 9, the sodium carbonate being connected with coagulation filling and PAC chemicals dosing plants 7, hydrogen peroxide, the ferric sulfate being connected with Fenton retort Sodium hydroxide chemicals dosing plant 6, static mixer 10, the suction pump 11 being connected with sulfuric acid chemicals dosing plant 8, with static mixer, Respective valves are set on pipeline.
Referring to Fig. 2, the shell 902 of Xun Huan tubulation atmospheric evaporator 9 is square-column-shaped tower structure, and axial flow blower is set in tower 901st, water collection device 903, water distributor 904, Xun Huan tube still heater 906, packed bed 907 and Xun Huan header tank 911, tower set pumping outside Water pump 910.
Wherein, axial flow blower 901 is located at the top of evaporator, is axial-flow type high-power blower, and power of fan needs to ensure to steam Hair device air outlet velocity reaches 12-20m/s.
Water distributor 904 is located at evaporator top, by being in being formed with water conduit tube and branch pipe and nozzle for dendroid arrangement, nozzle Using big flow atomizer, moisturizing pipe diameter and nozzle specification are selected according to design water, nozzle quantity and arrangement by Cloth water flow and single-nozzle spray flow determine.
Water collection device 903 is mounted between water distributor 904 and axial flow blower 901, is corrosion-resistant material, is made as waveform.
Cycle tube still heater 906 be mounted on evaporator in the middle part of, using band fin anti-corrosion and high temperature resistant, high pressure stainless steel or Copper tube makes, and shape is U-typed coil arrangement, and the length and the number of plies for cycling tubulation are calculated by required heat exchange amount, it is ensured that The fluid of big flow suppresses Xun Huan, and Xun Huan tube still heater comes from steam with 10 unicom of heat source stream boiler outside tower, heat source Boiler.
Packed bed 907 is made of heat safe anti-corrosion material, honeycomb structure, is filled in Xun Huan tube still heater Between coil pipe.Evaporation packed bed has wider passages, and crystallization condition is not achieved in entire evaporation process, packed bed will not be caused to block up Plug is readily disassembled, rinses and regular maintenance.
Air-inlet grille 908 is arranged on the setting of evaporator lower part, and Xun Huan header tank 911 is located at base of evaporator.
More than structural outer is encapsulated using anti-corrosion material, forms Xun Huan tubulation atmospheric evaporator unit casing 902.
Fig. 3 is another structure type of Xun Huan tubulation atmospheric evaporator 9, on the basis of Fig. 2, is added into air duct 918, it is therefore an objective to improve the temperature for the air being pumped into tower.It is connected into air duct 918 with evaporator at evaporator lower inlet, into Air duct shell is sealed with evaporator shell junction but detachably, disconnected one side is sealed with anti-corrosion material, into air duct by stent 917 supports need to install air-inlet grille simultaneously into air duct top, air dry combustion method pipe 919 is installed into air duct.
Fracturing fluid processing is mainly made of four process flows:
(1) coagulating sedimentation pre-processes:Fracturing outlet liquid is pumped into coagulation pretreatment tank, is returned with chemicals dosing plant 7 to pressure break Aluminium system's aluminium polychloride (PAC) and sodium carbonate (Na are added in drain waste water2CO3) coagulation pretreatment is carried out, make Ca2+、Mg2+Ion Precipitation is formed, while removes the impurity such as the turbidity in waste water, suspended matter fracturing fluid residual components, crude oil.The coagulation pretreatment The hydraulic detention time of flocculation process is 15 ± 5min.
(2) Fenton oxidation:Water outlet is pumped into filter press press filtration using screw pump after coagulation pretreatment, realizes separation of solid and liquid, Waste water gravity flow is filtered out into Fenton retort, hydrogen peroxide, ferric sulfate, sulphur are added to Fenton retort with chemicals dosing plant 8 Acid controls time into medicine and into dose using valve.H2O2In Fe2+It is further by Fenton oxidation under the catalytic action of ion Hardly degraded organic substance deep oxidation in waste water is degraded, the reaction time is 1.25 ± 0.25h.
(3) precipitation filtering:Waste water after Fenton oxidation is flowed into sedimentation basin 4, by being mounted in flow process Static mixer 10 in pipeline adds the Fe in NaOH precipitation water into the waste water after Fenton reactions3+Ion, solution is through heavy Separation of solid and liquid is carried out by filter press again after the precipitation of shallow lake pond, filtrate flows into sandfiltration pot 5 and filters.
(4) it is concentrated by evaporation:The waste water gone out after sandfiltration pot is pumped into Xun Huan column tube evaporimeter 9 and is evaporated concentration.Waste water is following The concentration and evaporation processing step of circular row pipe atmospheric evaporator 9 is as follows:
When high-salt wastewater after pretreatment enters atmospheric evaporator, waste water is first pumped into circulating-heating through water circulating pump 910 The spray system 905 of 906 top of tubulation, suitable waste water being fully atomized, mist are equably sprayed by water distributor 904 into tower Change waste water and flow through heat cycles tubulation 906 under the effect of gravity, honeycomb padding 907 is filled between heat cycles tubulation, formed Thin film shape current to increase heat exchange area and heat-exchange time, improve heat exchange efficiency.Spent shower water by with air and heating Rapid vaporization enters gas phase into vapor after Xun Huan tubulation fully exchanges heat, and the vapor after vaporization is taken away by high-power blower 901, So as to fulfill the evaporation and concentration of waste water.Remaining waste water falls back to the cycling header tank 911 of base of evaporator, then by water circulating pump 910 feeding spray systems 905 recycle.The water droplet carried secretly in air is stopped by water collection device 903, falls after rise and is heated into cycling tubulation It is passed through in device in heating evaporation.High-temperature vapour is passed into circulating-heating tubulation, high-temperature vapour is entered by coil pipe upper steam entrance Tubulation is cycled, heat exchange is carried out with the spent shower water outside Xun Huan tubulation pipe and air, liquid is gradually condensed by gaseous state, under Portion's steam (vapor) outlet outflow, passes back into softening water tank.Meanwhile dry temperature higher air under the action of wind turbine by bottom inlet air Grid 908 enters evaporator into (Fig. 2) in tower or into air duct 18 (Fig. 3) after the heating of air dry combustion method pipe 919 It forms moisture film when packing area, waste water flow through filler surface and air carries out heat exchange, the relatively low air of high humility temperature is from top Extraction, a required heat part for waste liquid evaporation is conducted heat by air to be provided, and a part is heated by cycling tubulation and provided.Waste liquid its Yu Shui is instilled in bottom cycle header tank.The waste water for instilling bottom cycle header tank is pumped into spray system again through water circulating pump, will Water Xun Huan is got up, and Xun Huan sprinkling waste water improves evaporation efficiency.In evaporator, the ratio of design treatment water and quantity of circulating water is 1:10, evaporation efficiency 50%.
High-power blower is compared with wind turbine used by common evaporator used by this evaporator, difference lies in:Commonly Steam in tower only there are one drainage, only by wind turbine is aspirated and draws evaporator by the fan action of evaporator;And This evaporator uses high-power blower, can improve gas flow and gas flow rate in evaporator, and evaporation rate is empty with liquid level surface Gas velocity is related, and air velocity is bigger, is more conducive to evaporate;And it is also otherwise varied with conventional evaporator in this evaporator principle, The required energy of conventional evaporator evaporation is substantially all to be provided by heating tubulation, and an energy part needed for the evaporation of this evaporator It is provided by heating tube, another part is provided by the higher air of enthalpy, can be saved heating energy consumption, therefore is also required to using more powerful Wind turbine to provide the gas flow of bigger, but more common evaporator is greatly reduced on total energy consumption;Evaporator fan power needs According to evaporator packing area height, designed rating size determines, depending on actual conditions evaporator outlet wind speed need to be ensured about in 12- 20m/s, exit wind speed when air outlet velocity is much larger than common evaporator operation.In energy consumption, common evaporator often evaporates 1kg water The quantity of steam being actually needed is about in 1.2-1.6kg, and this evaporator often evaporates the quantity of steam that 1kg water is actually needed and about exists 0.6-0.8kg, this evaporator overall energy consumption are about the 50%-60% of common evaporator overall energy consumption, and specific effect regards live ring Border temperature, humidity variation have certain fluctuation.
Sichuan Province's shale gas exploitation well fracturing fluid is handled using treatment process of the present invention, processing procedure In each stage water quality situation be shown in Table 1.
Water analysis table after each phase process of 1 fracturing outlet liquid of table
Raw water COD be 565mg/L, hardness 3710mg/L, total dissolved solid 1.52 × 104G/L, chloride 1.72 × 104Mg/L, design treatment amount are 5m3/h.Coagulation pretreatment and belt filter press part, coagulating basin hydraulic detention time are 15min adds aluminium polychloride as 3.75kg/h, Na2CO3Dosage is 18.55kg/h.Fenton oxidation process part, FeSO4·7H2O dosages are 1.25kg/h, H2O2Dosage is 3.14kg/h, H2SO4Dosage is 0.25g/h, and NaOH is added It measures as 0.54kg/h, oxidation time 1.25h, the inclined-plate clarifying basin residence time is 3h, and effluent quality is that COD is after processing 72mg/L, hardness 31.32mg/L, total dissolved solid 16.06g/L.Xun Huan column tube evaporimeter is evaporated concentration portion Point, the ratio of liquid waste processing water and quantity of circulating water is 1:10, designed rating 50%.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing processing method, it is characterised in that:The place The step of reason method, includes:
(1) coagulating sedimentation pre-processes:Fracturing outlet liquid is pumped into coagulation pretreatment tank, carbon is added in into fracturing outlet liquid waste water Sour sodium (Na2CO3) and aluminium system aluminium polychloride (PAC) progress coagulation pretreatment, make Ca2+、Mg2+Ion forms precipitation, goes simultaneously Except impurity such as turbidity, suspended matter, fracturing fluid residual components and the crude oil in waste water;
(2) Fenton oxidation:By water outlet after coagulation pretreatment through filter press press filtration, separation of solid and liquid is carried out, waste water is filtered out and is pumped into Fenton retort, H2O2In Fe2+It is by Fenton oxidation that the hardly degraded organic substance in waste water is deep under the catalytic action of ion Oxidative degradation is spent, the reaction time is 1.25 ± 0.25h;
(3) precipitation filtering:Waste water after Fenton oxidation is flowed into sedimentation basin, while NaOH precipitation water is added in waste water In Fe3+ ions, solution carries out separation of solid and liquid again by filter press after precipitation, and filtrate flows into sandfiltration pot filtering;
(4) it is concentrated by evaporation:Waste water after filtering is pumped into Xun Huan tubulation atmospheric evaporator and is evaporated concentration,
Waste water is first pumped into the spray system in evaporator through water circulating pump, and fully atomization is equably sprayed into tower by water distributor Waste water, atomization waste water flow through the heat cycles tubulation for being passed through high-temperature vapour under the effect of gravity, filled between heat cycles tubulation There is honeycomb padding, form thin film shape current, increase heat exchange area and heat-exchange time, the air of dry high break value is big Entered under the action of power Fan by bottom in tower, and control evaporator outlet wind speed waste water flows through filler table in 12-20m/s The moisture film formed during face and swiftly flowing air carry out heat exchange rapid vaporization and enter gas phase into vapor, realize the steaming of waste water Hair concentration, air provide a part of heat needed for waste water evaporation, and another part heat is heated by cycling tubulation and provided, Zhi Hougao The air of the low break value of humidity is extracted out from top of tower;Remaining waste water falls back to the cycling header tank of base of evaporator, then by cycling Water pump is sent into spray system circulating and evaporating;The water droplet carried secretly in air is stopped by the dehydrator in tower, falls after rise and is arranged into heat cycles The reheated evaporation of pipe surface;
(5) waste water after concentrating is excluded via base of evaporator pipeline, outward transport processing, and the sludge after press filtration carries out outward transport health and fills out Bury processing.
2. shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing processing method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that:It is 28%-30% in the PAC contents of coagulating sedimentation pretreatment stage, the hardness of water outlet is no more than 450mg/L, mixes Retrogradation shallow lake pH value is 9, and flocculation basin hydraulic detention time is 15 ± 5min;
3. shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing processing method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that:If the organic matter of fracturing outlet liquid, SS and other material concentrations are excessively high, waste liquid are presented gluey, then first carry out Filter press press filtration realizes separation of solid and liquid, filters out waste water and carry out coagulating sedimentation pretreatment again.
4. shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing processing method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that:In Fenton oxidation stage H2O2/ COD mass ratio=7.1, reaction time are 1.25 ± 0.25h.
5. shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing processing method as described in claim 1, special Sign is:In precipitation filtration stage sandfiltration pot filtering, hydraulic detention time is 1 ± 0.5h, and pH value should be 9.
6. realize that the shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing processing of claim 1 the method is set It is standby, which is characterized in that including successively by the coagulation filling of pipeline connection, Fenton retort, filter press, sedimentation basin, sandfiltration pot, follow Circular row pipe atmospheric evaporator, steam boiler, water softening plant and softening water tank;Further include with the coagulation sodium carbonate that is connected of filling and PAC chemicals dosing plants, the hydrogen peroxide being connected with Fenton retort and ferric sulfate and sulfuric acid chemicals dosing plant and static mixer phase The sodium hydroxide chemicals dosing plant of connection, static mixer, suction pump and respective valves are set on pipeline;
The Xun Huan tubulation atmospheric evaporator is square or circular tower structure, and the high-power wind of axial-flow type is set in the tower of evaporator Machine, water collection device, water distributor, Xun Huan tube still heater, packing area and Xun Huan header tank, tower set suction pump outside;The axial-flow type High-power blower is located at evaporator top exit, and the power of wind turbine need to ensure that evaporator outlet wind speed reaches 12-20m/s;Cloth Hydrophone is located at evaporator top, and water collection device is mounted between water distributor and axial-flow type high-power blower;It is filler in the middle part of evaporator Area, the heat safe anti-corrosion material filled with honeycomb structure, Xun Huan tube still heater is arranged in packing area, around by filler It surrounds, with tower external heat source unicom, the length and the number of plies for cycling tubulation are calculated the Xun Huan tube still heater by required heat exchange amount It arrives;Evaporator lower part sets air inlet, and base of evaporator sets Xun Huan header tank.
7. shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing processing equipment as claimed in claim 6, special Sign is:The air inlet is also associated with into air duct, and air dry combustion method pipe is equipped with into air duct, is entered the wind into air duct and evaporator Mouth is tightly connected and is detachable structure.
8. shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing processing equipment as claimed in claim 6, special Sign is:The air inlet of evaporator and air inlet into air duct are provided with air-inlet grille.
9. shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing processing equipment as claimed in claim 6, special Sign is:The water collection device is corrosion-resistant material, is made as waveform.
10. shale gas exploitation fracturing fluid Xun Huan tubulation evaporation minimizing processing equipment as claimed in claim 6, special Sign is:The water distributor is by being in being formed with water conduit tube and branch pipe and nozzle for dendroid arrangement, and nozzle uses big flow mist Change nozzle, nozzle quantity and arrangement are determined by cloth water flow and single-nozzle spray flow;The cycling tube still heater It is made of band fin anti-corrosion and high temperature resistant, high pressure stainless steel or copper tube, uses shape as disc or U-typed coil pipe knot Structure.
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