CN108099700B - 机动车的动力系统及用于运行机动车的动力系统的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车的具有至少两个电机的动力系统的方法、一种动力系统以及一种具有该动力系统的机动车。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于运行机动车的包括至少两个电机的动力系统的方法,本发明还涉及一种动力系统以及一种具有该动力系统的机动车。
背景技术
在如今的电气化的车辆的动力传动系中经常设有多于一个电机。这种情况通常用于纯电动的机动车、所谓的“电池电动汽车”(BEV)以及用于混合动力车辆、例如所谓的“插电式混合动力汽车”(PHEV)或所谓的“轻度混合型电动汽车”(MHEV)。电机在此通常具有不同的功率特征,并原则上不同地布置和分布在动力传动系中。例如,皮带传动起动发电机(RSG)可以设置在内燃机上,另外的电机可以在变速器后面设置在曲轴上和/或后轴上(TSG、ISG)。在纯电动车辆中,例如电机可以设置在前轴和后轴上。各个电机通常用于不同的运行范围,就是说具有不同的转矩和转速。在此原则上每个电机独立地运行,而不考虑现有的电机的整体。这可能导致动力装置的效率降低。对于混合动力车辆,这可能导致较高的燃料消耗和增大的二氧化碳排放。也没有完全充分利用电机的用于能量再生的潜力和对于内燃机的功率支持(“动力辅助”)。
文献WO 2012/097349 A2中公开一种装置和一种用于在混合动力车辆的混合动力传动系中分配功率输出的方法。在该方法的变型方案中实现,在考虑在当前的运行模式中累计的能量消耗的情况下在混合动力车辆的内燃机和一个或多个电动机之间分配总驱动功率。
从文献DE 10 2011 119 902 A1中已知一种车辆系统,其中多个驱动装置、包括一个电机向曲轴上施加转矩。其提出一种用于控制发动机转矩的方法,其中在多个动力单元之间分配混合动力传动系中的预期的总转矩。该车辆系统在怠速运转中从多个系统模式中选出运行模式,以便稳定净转矩。根据额外的燃料转换为电力的当前效率在充电模式和放电模式之间切换。
文献DE 10 2011 013 045 A1说明一种动力系统和用于控制该动力系统的方法,其中动力控制系统将不同的力矩源的单个力矩组成预期的总驱动力矩,该力矩源可以是电机或内燃机。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,提供一种用于运行机动车的包括至少两个电机的动力系统的方法和一种相应的动力系统,该动力系统具有更好的能效。
上述目的根据本发明通过一种用于运行机动车的动力系统的方法实现。由说明书和附图中得出实施形式。根据本发明的方法将电机的运行方式相互如此组合,使得车辆的要求的机械总功率以如此方式在电机上分配,即使得损耗功率的总和最小化或电机的整体的效率最大化。
还提供一种用于机动车的动力系统,通过根据本发明的方法运行该动力系统。由说明书和附图中得出实施形式。本发明还涉及一种具有根据本发明的动力系统的机动车。
根据本发明的动力系统包括至少两个电机,这些电机被设计用于在机动车的车轴或车轮上施加转矩。电机的功率输出通过至少一个控制单元控制。在动力系统的一实施形式中,该控制单元通过控制动力系统中的各个电机的转速来调节电机的功率输出。
动力系统还包括至少一个计算单元。在本发明的一实施形式中,该计算单元用于确定电机的损耗功率。在一实施形式中,为此在计算单元中为每个存在于动力系统中的电机都存储如下损耗特性曲线:从该损耗特性曲线中根据电机的转速和转矩能够确定电机的损耗功率以及其他用于电机的功率传输所需的部件、如电子系统、变速器、车轴等的额外损耗。在另外的实施形式中,计算单元用于确定电机的效率。在一实施形式中,为此在计算单元中为存在于动力系统中的每个电机都存储能够从中根据电机的转速和转矩得出电机效率的特性曲线。
在一实施形式中,根据本发明的动力系统仅包括电机。在一实施形式中,动力系统包括至少一个电机,该至少一个电机布置在变速器、曲轴或车轴上。在另一实施形式中,动力系统还包括至少一个内燃机;该车辆是混合动力车辆。在一个实施形式中,混合动力车辆的动力系统包括至少一个皮带传动的起动发电机。
本发明还涉及一种用于运行机动车的具有至少两个电机的动力系统的方法,所述至少两个电机被设计用于向机动车的车轴或车轮上施加转矩。该方法包括以下步骤。
首先确定总共应由电机的整体向机动车的车轮或车轴上施加多大的机械驱动功率。这可以例如是用于辅助加速所期望的驱动功率或在车辆减速时为通过发电机运行而进行能量回收所提供的功率。
在第二步中,根据一种可能的实施形式,于是向各个电机上这样分配所确定的机械功率,使得电机的损耗功率的总和最小化。在一实施形式中,从电机的存储在动力系统中的如下损耗特性曲线中求得每个电机的损耗功率:从所述损耗特性曲线中能够根据电机的转速和转矩确定电机的损耗功率以及其他用于电机的功率传输所需的部件、如电子系统、变速器、车轴等的额外损耗。
在另外的实施形式中,在第二步中向各个电机上这样分配所确定的机械功率,使得电机的整体的效率最大化。在一实施形式中,从存储在动力系统中的、能够从中根据电机的转速和转矩确定电机效率的电机特性曲线中求得每个电机的效率。
然后根据所求得的功率分配这样调控动力系统的电机,使得电机的整体提供所述所确定的机械驱动功率。在一实施形式中,通过调节各单个电机的转矩实现所述功率分配。
显而易见的是,上文说明的和下面还要描述的特征不仅可以以给出的组合形式,还可以以其它的组合形式或单独地使用,而没有离开本发明的范围。
附图说明
下面根据实施例并参照附图详细说明本发明。附图示出:
图1示出具有根据本发明的实施形式的动力系统的车辆的示意图,
图2示出在图1中包含的电机的特性曲线。
具体实施方式
在图1中示意性示出的动力系统包括两个电机(E-Maschinen):第一电机1,该第一电机被实施为皮带传动的起动发电机(RSG)并且布置在内燃机4上;第二电机3,该第二电机布置在变速器2后方(TSG)。用于电机的控制单元和计算单元,该计算单元求得在两个电机1和3之间的功率分配。在实施例中示出12V和48V的车载电网的组合。根据本发明的动力系统不局限于特定的车载电网电压。例如也可以使用纯48V的车载电网或高压车载电网。
对于规定的总功率,从在图2中示出的规定的转矩M(纵坐标)关于不同的转速n(横坐标)的特性曲线中确定相应的损耗功率。在图2中左边示出第一电机1的特性曲线。虚线相应于第一电机1的转速n1。在图2中右边示出第二电机3的特性曲线。虚线相应于第二电机3的转速n2。
通过搜索功能如此选择转矩,使得两个电机1和3的功率输出的总和相当于规定的总功率,并使两个电机1和3的损耗功率的总和最小化。
这适用P=(M1*n1+M2*n2)和PV_tot=PV_1+PV_2,其中P是两个电机的总功率,M1是第一电机1的转矩,M2是第二电机3的转矩,PV_tot是两个电机的包括其他用于电机的功率传输所需的部件、如电子系统、变速器、车轴等的额外损耗在内的总损耗功率,该总损耗功率由第一电机的损耗功率PV_1和第二电机的损耗功率PV_2的总和得出。
在行驶运行中,根据本发明的方法如此将两个电机的运行彼此组合,使得车辆的所要求的机械总功率被分配在两个电机上。这导致了,通过选择两个电机的最佳的运行点(在更好的效率的范围内)使总损耗最小化。因此通过在动力传动系中的组合实现最佳的效率,或者说使电机的总损耗功率最小化。由此在动力传动系中提高效率、减少CO2排放、并最佳地利用电机的潜力用于再生和动力辅助。
附图标记列表:
1:皮带传动的起动发电机(RSG)
2:变速器
3:安装于变速器的发电机(TSG)
4:内燃机
Claims (6)
1.一种用于机动车的动力系统,包括:至少两个电机(1、3)、至少一个控制单元和至少一个计算单元,所述至少两个电机被设计用于在机动车的车轴或车轮上施加转矩,所述至少一个计算单元用于求得所确定的机械驱动功率向各个电机(1、3)的分配,所述所确定的机械驱动功率应当由电机(1、3)的整体施加在机动车的车轮或车轴上,所述至少一个控制单元用于控制电机(1、3)的功率输出,所述至少一个控制单元用于根据所求得的功率分配调控电机(1、3)以使得电机(1、3)的整体提供所述所确定的机械驱动功率,其特征在于,该动力系统还包括至少一个内燃机,该动力系统的至少一个电机(1、3)布置在变速器、曲轴或车轴上,该动力系统包括至少一个皮带传动的起动发电机(1),所述至少一个计算单元用于,由存储在动力系统中的如下损耗特性曲线中求得电机(1、3)的损耗功率:从所述损耗特性曲线中能够根据电机的转速和转矩确定包括用于电机(1、3)的功率传输所需的其它部件的额外损耗在内的电机(1、3)的损耗功率,求得所确定的机械驱动功率向各个电机(1、3)的分配,所述所确定的机械驱动功率应当由电机(1、3)的整体施加在机动车的车轮或车轴上,其中使得电机(1、3)的损耗功率的总和最小化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力系统,其特征在于,在计算单元中为存在于动力系统中的每个电机(1、3)都存储如下特性曲线:由该特性曲线能够根据电机(1、3)的转速和转矩确定电机(1、3)的效率。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的动力系统,其特征在于,通过调节电机(1、3)的转矩实现对电机(1、3)的功率输出的控制。
4.一种用于运行机动车的动力系统的方法,该动力系统包括至少两个电机,所述至少两个电机被设计用于向机动车的车轴或车轮上施加转矩,该动力系统还包括至少一个内燃机,该动力系统的至少一个电机(1、3)布置在变速器、曲轴或车轴上,该动力系统包括至少一个皮带传动的起动发电机(1),该方法包括以下步骤:
a)确定要由电机的整体施加在机动车的车轮或车轴上的机械驱动功率;
b)将机械功率向各个电机上分配,使得电机的损耗功率的总和最小化;
c)根据所求得的功率分配来调控电机,使得电机的整体提供所确定的机械驱动功率,
其特征在于,
由存储在动力系统中的如下损耗特性曲线中求得每个电机的损耗功率:从所述损耗特性曲线中能够根据电机的转速和转矩确定包括用于电机的功率传输所需的其它部件的额外损耗在内的电机的损耗功率。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,通过调节各单个电机的转矩控制所述功率分配。
6.一种具有根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的动力系统的机动车。
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