CN108099295B - 一种三层复合导湿面料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种三层复合导湿面料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN108099295B
CN108099295B CN201711330372.0A CN201711330372A CN108099295B CN 108099295 B CN108099295 B CN 108099295B CN 201711330372 A CN201711330372 A CN 201711330372A CN 108099295 B CN108099295 B CN 108099295B
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yarns
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fabric
vinylon
antibacterial
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CN108099295A (zh
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孙芳芳
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Jinhua Aoke New Material Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种三层结构导湿面料，面料由内层、中间层和表层复合得到，内层的纬纱为中空涤纶纱线、经纱为棉纱线，中间层经纱为抗菌维纶纱线、纬纱为中空涤纶纱线，表层经纱为PTT聚酯纱线、纬纱为中空涤纶纱线，中空涤纶纱线是由“8”字形中空涤纶纤维制备得到，抗菌维纶纱线由抗菌维纶制备得到，维纶中的抗菌剂为壳聚糖和4，5‑二氯‑2‑甲氧基丙基‑4‑异噻唑啉‑3‑酮的复配抗菌剂，中空涤纶纱线、PTT聚酯纱线、抗菌维纶纱线制备原料化学纤维中均含有抗静电剂，抗静电剂优选为含锌盐的聚醚酯酰胺。最终得到了一种综合大排量导湿、抗菌、高弹、抗褶皱等性能优异的多功能复合导湿面料。

Description

一种三层复合导湿面料及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种导湿面料领域，具体涉及一种三层复合导湿面料领域，也涉及导湿面料的制备方法和应用的领域。
背景技术
布料是日常生活中最为常见的生活品，其具有上万年的历史，广泛用于衣物、家纺等方面的领域。随着人民生活水平的提高，衣物等纺织品需求量逐渐增多，对布料的需求量呈现指数型的增长，该行业发展十分迅速。
各类面料在生产量和需求量快速增长的基础上，人们对面料质量要求逐渐增强，不单纯只有传统的保温遮体的要求，对各类面料的穿着和使用的舒适性的要求逐渐增强，其中吸湿排汗的面料需求量也逐渐增大，以满足实际运动类衣物和夏季衣物中使用。近年来吸湿排汗类面料的研发也日趋成熟，可以满足常规的使用需求。但是现有技术中吸湿排汗面料，常用常规中空纤维的吸湿排汗纤维，但采用毛细效应排汗速率慢，对于低汗量的情形下使用较好，对于大汗量的情形无法满足需求，往往会出现汗液的积压情形。同时，多功能纤维是纤维和布料的发现趋势。
发明内容
发明目的：为了解决上述技术问题，本发明通过三层结构赋予布料不同的技术功能，内层使用棉纱赋予基本的舒适性且无刺激性，中间层采用了高强度抗菌维伦，具有较高的吸湿效果并提供面料强度，表层采用PTT聚酯纱线，赋予面料良好的弹性、抗褶皱等性能，同时，上述各层都采用了中空聚酯纱线，赋予面料吸湿排汗的效果，综合上述各层基本性能，得到了一种综合大排量导湿、抗菌、高弹、抗褶皱等性能优异的多功能复合导湿面料。
为了达到上述技术效果，本发明采用如下的技术方案。
发明概述
本发明主要涉及三个主题，分别为三层复合导湿面料、制备方法和应用，具体技术方案如下：
[1].一种三层复合导湿面料，所述面料由内层、中间层和表层复合得到，内层的纬纱为中空涤纶纱线、经纱为棉纱线，中间层经纱为抗菌维纶纱线、纬纱为中空涤纶纱线，表层经纱为PTT聚酯纱线、纬纱为中空涤纶纱线。
[2].根据方案[1]所述的三层复合导湿面料，所述中空涤纶纱线是由“8”字形中空涤纶纤维制备得到。
[3].根据方案[2]所述的三层复合导湿面料，所述为进一步优选，中空涤纶纤维中空截面面积占纤维截面的40-80％，优选为50-70％；所述内层质量占面料总质量的百分比、中间层质量占面料总质量的百分比及外层质量占面料总质量的百分比之和为100％。
[4].根据方案[1]所述的三层复合导湿面料，所述抗菌维纶纱线由抗菌维纶制备得到，维纶中的抗菌剂为壳聚糖和4，5-二氯-2-甲氧基丙基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的复配抗菌剂。
[5].根据方案[3]所述的三层复合导湿面料，所述壳聚糖和4，5-二氯-2-甲氧基丙基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮预先混合得到复配抗菌剂，两者的质量比为3-5:1，维纶中抗菌剂的加入量为0.5-2wt％，优选0.8-1.2wt％。
[6].根据方案[4]所述的三层复合导湿面料，所述抗菌维纶中维纶为高强高模纤维纶。
[7].根据方案[1]所述的三层复合导湿面料，所述内层质量占面料总质量的20-30％，所述中间层质量占面料总质量的10-20％，所述表层质量占面料总质量的50-70％。
[8].根据方案[1]所述的三层复合导湿面料，所述中空涤纶纱线、PTT聚酯纱线、抗菌维纶纱线制备原料化学纤维中均含有抗静电剂，抗静电剂优选为含锌盐的聚醚酯酰胺，所述抗静电剂的加入量不大于所加入化学纤维中的1wt％。
[9].制备方案[1]所述的三层复合导湿面料的制备方法，所述内层、中间层和表层中的经纱和纬纱采用平纹织法得到，再将内层、中间层和表层复合得到三层复合导湿面料。
[10].方案[1]-[8]中任一项所述的三层复合导湿面料在服装或家纺中的应用。
[11].方案[1]-[8]中任一项所述的三层复合导湿面料在内衣和运动服装中的应用。
发明详述
为了对技术方案中的技术要点和进一步优选方案以及技术机理进行更加细致的解释说明。具体如下：
面料基本结构
本发明主要是通过面料各层的具体纱线选择，得到综合性能优异的导湿面料，该导湿面料由三层复合得到，所述面料由内层、中间层和表层复合得到，内层的纬纱为中空涤纶纱线、经纱为棉纱线，中间层经纱为抗菌维纶纱线、纬纱为中空涤纶纱线，表层经纱为PTT聚酯纱线、纬纱为中空涤纶纱线。
上述结构的设置中，内层使用棉纱赋予基本的舒适性且无刺激性，同时用以隔离中间层的存储效果下部分有详细机理解释；中间层采用了高强度抗菌维伦，具有较高的吸湿效果并提供面料强度，对大汗量起到存储作用；表层采用PTT聚酯纱线，赋予面料良好的弹性、抗褶皱等性能，同时，上述各层都采用了中空涤纶纱线，中空结构的涤纶可以赋予面料吸湿排汗的效果。
本发明中中空聚酯纱线均是设置在纬纱方面，这样可以保证透湿效果。内层与皮肤汗液接触，导入中间层，进而通过外层将汗水导出。当大的汗量时，单纯依靠中空的毛细管效应难以排出，同时，三层中的不连续结构也是一个导湿的障碍，本发明选择在中间层中选择具有吸湿效果很好的维伦，其起到了汗液或水的临时存储效果，在大汗量时，内层将汗液导入中间层中，除了传统的毛细效应继续导出，部分无法快速导出的暂时存储在维伦纱线。存储的汗液处于中间层，内层棉纱隔离后，不会导致后期皮肤的不适感。
本发明利用排汗和储汗两种方式，达到快速从皮肤表面导湿，在存在大量汗液时效果也十分优异。
对于各层用量的选择，所述内层质量占面料总质量的20-30％，所述中间层质量占面料总质量的10-20％，所述表层质量占面料总质量的50-70％。为了提高本发明中的舒适性以及布料的抗皱等性能，优选表面层性能较好，采用了综合性能十分优异的PTT聚酯纤维，这也是市场上为数不多采用PTT聚酯纤维制备的面料。
所述内层质量占面料总质量的百分比、中间层质量占面料总质量的百分比及外层质量占面料总质量的百分比之和为100％。
中空涤纶纱线
本发明中空涤纶纱线由中空涤纶纤维得到，中空涤纶纤维中空的结构没有明确的限制，常规的种类均可使用，如圆型、三角型、三叶型或五叶型等，但是作为优选，所述中空涤纶纱线是由“8”字形中空涤纶纤维制备得到，使用8字形结构具有更高效的导汗性。8字形结构实际是两个圆形的双通道，而圆形和三角形属于单通道，对于三叶和五叶形虽然属于多通道，但由于加工工艺的限制，孔道不规则，孔道狭窄，导汗效果不佳。同时，单通道完全中空结构，会降低纤维的力学强度和耐磨性，8字形的结构在双通道结构基础上，其不是单通道的完全中空，其中间8字形结构中有回收部分，会提高纤维力学强度，平衡了导汗性和力学强度。
作为优选技术方案，中空涤纶纤维中空截面面积占纤维截面的40-80％，如果过低，中空孔道狭窄，导汗性明显变慢，如果过高，导汗性提高，但纤维力学性能明显下降，最优选范围为50-70％。
抗菌维纶
所述抗菌维纶纱线由抗菌维纶制备得到，维纶中的抗菌剂为壳聚糖和4，5-二氯-2-甲氧基丙基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的复配抗菌剂。
作为优选的技术方案，所述壳聚糖和4，5-二氯-2-甲氧基丙基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮预先混合得到复配抗菌剂，两者的质量比为3-5:1，维纶中抗菌剂的加入量为0.5-2wt％，优选0.8-1.2wt％。壳聚糖作为一类天然的抗菌剂，可以满足常规需求，但本发明中维纶是处于中间层，其要求有更好的抗菌性。壳聚糖属于一种天然高分子聚合物，其一般通过甲壳素脱乙酰基得到，其微细结构中包含了孔洞，本发明在壳聚糖抗菌剂的基础上进一步增加小分子抗菌剂，由于小分子抗菌剂与壳聚糖具有相互作用，可以将少量的4，5-二氯-2-甲氧基丙基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮与壳聚糖预先混合，小分子抗菌剂可以附着于壳聚糖，由于壳聚糖上会吸附菌类，附着在壳聚糖表面的菌类会被小分子抗菌剂杀死，比单一使用更加高效。但小分子抗菌剂不宜过多，当小分子抗菌剂超过壳聚糖的吸附作用后，会有游离出来的倾向，对长期抗菌性没有明显提高。
作为优选的技术方案，所述抗菌维纶中采用的维纶为高强高模维纶，采用高强高模的维纶可以提高整体面料的强度，提高面料使用的年限，常规的维纶的强度一般，且耐水、耐热性较差。
抗静电性能
抗静电是贴身衣物或者外衣的常规性能需要，本发明也旨在赋予面料的抗静电性能，使该布料具有多功能特点，满足市场的需求。故所述中空涤纶纱线、PTT聚酯纱线、抗菌维纶纱线制备原料化学纤维中均含有抗静电剂，三层纤维中均要有纤维或者纱线含有抗静电剂，保证电荷可以从内层传导到外侧，保证抗静电性。为了保证抗静电剂与纤维或纱线用树脂的相容性，不发生抗静电的析出，作为优选技术方案，抗静电剂选择含锌盐的聚醚酯酰胺，所述抗静电剂的加入量不大于所加入化学纤维中的1wt％，优选0.5wt％。
制备方法及应用
本发明三层复合导湿面料的制备方法可以选择常规的方法，内层、中间层和表层中经纬纱可以通过常规各种制备方法制得，优选为平织法。三层复合可以现有技术中的所有方法，没有明确的限制。
具体到三层复合导湿面料的应用，也没有明确限制，生活和生产中使用的布料的领域都可以使用。由于本发明面料的主要性能在于导湿性能，故三层复合导湿面料可以在服装或家纺中的应用，优选在内衣和运动服装中的应用。
有益的技术效果
本发明对面料进行了结构设计，通过三层结构赋予布料不同的技术功能，内层使用棉纱赋予基本的舒适性且与刺激性，中间层采用了高强度抗菌维伦，具有较高的吸湿效果并提供面料强度，表层采用PTT聚酯纱线，赋予面料良好的弹性、抗褶皱等性能，同时，上述各层都采用了中空聚酯纱线，赋予面料吸湿排汗的效果。在抗菌维纶中，采用了壳聚糖和小分子抗菌剂复配使用，得到十分优异的抗菌效果。各层中均采用了与树脂相同性好的抗静电剂，以提高面料的抗静电性。综合上述各层基本性能，得到了一种综合大排量导湿、抗菌、高弹、抗褶皱等性能优异的多功能复合导湿面料。
附图说明
图1为三层结构导湿面料的示意图。
附图标记：1、内层；2、中间层；3、表层。
具体实施方式
为了使技术人员更加直观的了解本发明的技术方案，下面选择几个典型实施例进行介绍，这些实施例不构成对本发明保护范围的限制，任何不背离发明构思的方案都在本发明保护范围内。
制备例
1.内层
内层A：采用平织法制备内层布料，其中纬纱为“8”字型中空涤纶纱线，中空截面面积占纱线截面面积的60％，经纱为棉纱线，中空涤纶纱线中加入锌盐的聚醚酯酰胺的量为维纶总重0.3wt％。
内层B：采用平织法制备内层布料，其中纬纱为“O”字型中空涤纶纱线，中空截面面积占纱线截面面积的60％，经纱为棉纱线，中空涤纶纱线中加入锌盐的聚醚酯酰胺的量为维纶总重0.3wt％。
内层C：采用平织法制备内层布料，其中纬纱为“三叶草”型中空涤纶纱线，中空截面面积占纱线截面面积的60％，经纱为棉纱线，中空涤纶纱线中加入锌盐的聚醚酯酰胺的量为维纶总重0.3wt％。
内层D：采用平织法制备内层布料，其中纬纱和经纱均为棉纱线。
2.中间层
中间层A：采用平织法制备内层布料，其中纬纱为“8”字型中空涤纶纱线，中空截面面积占纱线截面面积的60％，经纱为抗菌维纶纱线，其中维纶中的抗菌剂为壳聚糖和4，5-二氯-2-甲氧基丙基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的预混合得到复配抗菌剂，两者的质量比为4:1，维纶中抗菌剂的加入量为维纶总重0.8wt％，维纶中加入锌盐的聚醚酯酰胺的量为维纶总重0.5wt％。
中间层B：采用平织法制备内层布料，其中纬纱为“8”字型中空涤纶纱线，中空截面面积占纱线截面面积的60％，经纱为抗菌维纶纱线，其中维纶中的抗菌剂为壳聚糖，加入量为0.8wt％，维纶中加入锌盐的聚醚酯酰胺的量为维纶总重0.5wt％。
中间层C：采用平织法制备内层布料，其中纬纱为“8”字型中空涤纶纱线，中空截面面积占纱线截面面积的60％，经纱为抗菌维纶纱线，其中维纶中的抗菌剂为4，5-二氯-2-甲氧基丙基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮，加入量为0.8wt％，维纶中加入锌盐的聚醚酯酰胺的量为维纶总重0.5wt％。
中间层D：采用平织法制备内层布料，其中纬纱为“8”字型中空涤纶纱线，中空截面面积占纱线截面面积的60％，经纱为维纶纱线，未经抗菌处理，维纶中加入锌盐的聚醚酯酰胺的量为维纶总重0.5wt％。
3.表层
表层A：表层经纱为PTT聚酯纱线，其中加入锌盐的聚醚酯酰胺的量为维纶总重0.5wt％，纬纱为“8”字型中空涤纶纱线，中空截面面积占纱线截面面积的60％。
表层B：表层经纱为涤纶纱线，其中加入锌盐的聚醚酯酰胺的量为维纶总重0.5wt％，纬纱为“8”字型中空涤纶纱线，中空截面面积占纱线截面面积的60％。
面料的制备方法：分别选择上述的内层、中间层和表层复合得到面料，具体各层选择参见下表：
样品 表层 中间层 内层
实施例1 表层A 中间层A 内层A
实施例2 表层A 中间层A 内层B
实施例3 表层A 中间层A 内层C
对比例1 表层A 中间层A 内层D
实施例4 表层A 中间层B 内层A
实施例5 表层A 中间层C 内层B
对比例2 表层A 中间层D 内层B
对比例3 表层B 中间层A 内层A
对比例4 表层A 中间层A 内层A
其中，对比例4中复合抗菌剂没有进行预混，而是先后分别加入。
性能测试方法
1.抑菌性能测试
本发明抑菌性能测试参照FZ/T01021-1992织物抗菌性能试验方法进行，分别进行大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的菌种测试，大肠杆菌0小时接触细菌含量(cfu/cm2)为3.0*105,，金黄色葡萄球菌0小时接触细菌含量(cfu/cm2)为3.2*105，分别于24小时时测试细菌含量，计算抗菌率。
2.透湿性能测试
本发明透湿性能测试参照GB/T 12704.1-2009纺织品织物透湿性试验方法，计算透湿率(kg/(m2·24h))。
3.织物表面电阻率测试
本发明织物表面电阻率测试参照GB/T12703.4-2010表面电阻的测试标准进行。
测试结果
Figure BDA0001506515380000091
Figure BDA0001506515380000101
通过上述测试可以发现，中间层中复合抗菌剂的加入比单一种类的抗菌效果优异，同时两种抗菌剂的预混过程会提高抗菌性，有明显的增效。中空涤纶纤维采用“8”字型的比其他结构透湿性好，如果采用O型，会导致纤维耐磨性大幅度降低；抗静电剂的加入可以提高抗静电性；同时，表层采用PTT柔韧性、抗褶皱性能优异，同时比PET的涤纶透湿性、表面电阻率优异。

Claims (8)

1.一种三层复合导湿面料，其特征在于：面料由内层、中间层和表层复合得到，内层的纬纱为中空涤纶纱线、经纱为棉纱线，中间层经纱为抗菌维纶纱线、纬纱为中空涤纶纱线，表层经纱为PTT聚酯纱线、纬纱为中空涤纶纱线；所述中空涤纶纱线是由“8”字形中空涤纶纤维制备得到； 所述抗菌维纶纱线由抗菌维纶制备得到，维纶中的抗菌剂为壳聚糖和4，5-二氯-2-甲氧基丙基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮的复配抗菌剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的三层复合导湿面料，其特征在于：所述壳聚糖和4，5-二氯-2-甲氧基丙基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮预先混合得到复配抗菌剂，两者的质量比为3-5:1，维纶中抗菌剂的加入量为0.5-2wt％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的三层复合导湿面料，其特征在于：所述抗菌维纶中维纶为高强高模维纶。
4.根据权利要求1所述的三层复合导湿面料，其特征在于：所述内层质量占面料总质量的20-30％，所述中间层质量占面料总质量的10-20％，所述表层质量占面料总质量的50-70％；所述内层质量占面料总质量的百分比与中间层质量占面料总质量的百分比及外层质量占面料总质量的百分比之和为100％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的三层复合导湿面料，其特征在于：所述中空涤纶纱线、PTT聚酯纱线、抗菌维纶纱线制备原料化学纤维中均含有抗静电剂，抗静电剂为含锌盐的聚醚酯酰胺；所述抗静电剂的加入量不大于所加入化学纤维量的1wt％。
6.制备权利要求1所述的三层复合导湿面料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述内层、中间层和表层中的经纱和纬纱采用平纹织法得到，再将内层、中间层 和表层复合得到三层复合导湿面料。
7.权利要求1-5中任一项所述的三层复合导湿面料在服装或家纺中的应用。
8.权利要求1-5中任一项所述的三层复合导湿面料在内衣或运动服装中的应用。
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