CN108096587A - 一种用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体及其制备与应用 - Google Patents
一种用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体及其制备与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的纳米脂质体,该纳米脂质体以甘露醇修饰的二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺‑聚乙二醇共聚物和胆固醇作为脂质材料,并富含磁共振T1对比剂二乙三胺五乙酸钆双葡甲胺(DTPA(Gd))的脂质偶联物。本发明的脂质体可靶向于炎性巨噬细胞表面的甘露醇受体,通过增强急性胰腺炎病灶部位巨噬细胞的磁共振T1信号,实现正常胰腺与急性胰腺炎病变有效判别;并进一步由T1信号值的强度变化来判别病灶部位巨噬细胞数量的多寡差异,有助于轻重型急性胰腺炎的有效区分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体,具体地说,涉及一种炎性巨噬细胞靶向,富含T1对比剂DTPA(Gd)的纳米脂质体,及其制备与应用。
背景技术
急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)的发病率逐年上升,严重影响了人们的工作和生活质量。AP的发病率及死亡率均很高,轻型急性胰腺炎(Mild acute pancreatitis,MAP)具有自限性,但仍有20%-30%可以发展成为重症急性胰腺炎(severe acutepancreatitis,SAP)。因此,早期诊断、分型和评估对掌握AP的进展、及时有效干预治疗及判断预后尤为重要。然而目前的临床诊断及评分系统都存在一定的局限性,自上个世纪60年代研究者开始对AP的严重程度及预后进行评估以来,先后出现多个临床客观评估标准和反应胰腺病理形态学改变的影像学标准,如APACHE-II评分、Ranson评分、Balthazar CT分级等,但几种评分系统的侧重点及测评时间不同,单独对疾病严重程度及预后进行判断都不可避免存在片面性,只有综合各种临床评分系统,反复进行病情评估才能够比较准确地判断预后并及时有效地指导治疗。
磁共振成像(MRI)技术是一种完全无创的影像学诊断方法,已在病人全身病灶部位检测诊断中发挥重要作用。利用磁共振对比剂,能够针对特定器官、组织及病灶特异性增强其MRI信号强度,从而达到特异诊断的目的。Gd-DTPA 是一种顺磁性T1 加权阳性对比剂,具有亲水性、分子量小的特点,注入血管后迅速向周围组织间隙分布,由肾脏排泄,即使肾功能有损害,它也能经肾排除,是目前应用最广泛的MR 对比剂。但Gd-DTPA 不具有组织或器官的选择性,近年来,纳米载体技术可以使每个微粒都能载带数十个Gd-DTPA分子,提高信号强度。而纳米脂质体已证明具有渗透力强、可修饰性好而成为大分子药物或影像剂的良好载体,其毒性和免疫原性都较弱,有利于实现靶向显影的目的。
AP是指多种病因引起的胰酶激活,以胰腺局部炎症反应为主要特征,伴或不伴有其他器官功能改变的疾病。在AP病情进展过程中,炎症巨噬细胞以及炎性因子急剧增加,激活凝血系统,造成血液高凝状态,引起胰腺微循环灌注障碍,导致胰腺出血、坏死,进一步导致炎性细胞增加。所以针对炎性巨噬细胞的特异显影有利于临床上区分AP病变,甚至MAP和SAP。
另外,已有研究证实,巨噬细胞对纳米颗粒具有非特异性吞噬能力;而巨噬细胞表面还高水平表达的甘露糖受体,甘露糖受体是C型凝集素,其配体具有末端非还原性糖,如甘露糖,葡萄糖和岩藻糖,因此可以通过甘露糖化的纳米颗粒进行靶向识别,进而增强了炎性细胞或炎性病灶靶向治疗或显像的可能。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述技术问题旨在提供一种用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体,通过制备甘露醇修饰富含DTPA(Gd)的纳米脂质体,有效提高AP病灶部位炎性巨噬细胞的T1信号强度,达到有效辨别AP病变以及区分AP严重程度的目的,本发明采用具体技术方案为:
该用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体由1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-丙三醇-3-磷酸乙醇胺-二乙三胺五乙酸钆双葡甲胺(DPPE-DTPA(Gd)),甘露醇修饰的二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇共聚物(Man-PEG-DSPE)以及胆固醇所组成,其中,Gd对比剂占比0.5%~9%,余量均为脂质成分;
所述急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体的制备方法包括以下几个步骤:
1)合成甘露醇修饰的二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇(Man-PEG-DSPE)材料:将1摩尔量的1,2-二硬脂酰-SN-甘油-3-磷酰乙醇胺-N-氨基(DSPE-PEG-NH2)与4摩尔质量2-亚氨基-2-甲氧基乙基-1-硫代甘露糖苷(IME-硫代甘露糖苷)加入到去离子水中,室温反应6-8小时后,加入少量浓度为1M的乙酸来终止反应;以3000分子量透析12小时除去包括乙酸等小分子物质,透析袋内溶液进一步通过层析柱分离收集分子量较大的材料组分Man-DSPE-PEG,冷冻干燥后备用;
2)制备富含(DTPA(Gd))的纳米脂质体:将步骤1)制得的Man-PEG-DSPE与DPPE-DTPA(Gd)以及胆固醇充分溶于1体积的无水乙醇后,将乙醇溶液以1ml/min的速度注入到5-10体积的离子水溶液(水温50-60℃)中,磁力搅拌30min后,所得溶液依次挤过400nm、200nm、100nm、50nm孔径的聚碳酸酯膜各20次;经过Sephadex凝胶柱收集粒径均一的脂质体;
3)纳米脂质体的靶向增强处理:将步骤2)制得的脂质体溶液迅速升温至一定温度后,加入适量步骤1)制得的材料Man-PEG-DSPE,静置处理2小时,经过Sephadex凝胶柱收集靶向增强的纳米脂质体溶液;
4)纳米脂质体的保存与使用:将步骤3)获得的靶向性脂质体溶液浓缩至一定浓度备用,或者通过冷冻干燥后以固体粉末形式保存;使用时,以生理盐水或5%葡萄糖溶解或稀释后,静脉注射给药。
上述的用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体,其中:步骤1)中所述甘露醇偶联的二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇材料(Man-PEG-DSPE),其分子结构式如下:
。
上述的用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体,其中:步骤2)中所述材料在乙醇溶液中的组成:Man-PEG-DSPE 40-60份,DPPE-DTPA(Gd) 100-400份,胆固醇100-200份,乙醇溶液1000-4000份。
上述的用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体,其中:步骤3)中所述升温温度,具体为55-60℃。
上述的用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体,其中:步骤4)中所述浓缩浓度为1-20mg/mL。
本发明还提供了上述用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体在制备磁共振造影剂中的应用。特别是靶向增强哺乳动物中的急性胰腺炎的磁共振图像的磁共振造影剂。
本发明的急性胰腺炎磁共振成像脂质体具有长循环功能,经体外细胞靶向性实验、体内AP动物模型成像实验,结果证明该脂质体的体外生物靶向性良好;体内试验进一步证明,本发明的脂质体对急性胰腺炎动物模型成像良好,有效区分轻型急性胰腺炎(MAP)与重型急性胰腺炎(SAP),且对正常组织毒性作用很小。
附图说明
图1是本发明对比剂脂质体Man-Gd-Lip的TEM照图。
图2是Man-Gd-Lip的磁共振弛豫性质,图2A为Man-Gd-Lip体外磁共振T1成像浓 度与信号强度的照片;图2B为Man-Gd-Lip的弛豫率曲线。
图3是Man-Gd-Lip体外靶向巨噬细胞性的流式检测结果。
图4是所建立急性胰腺炎动物模型的HE病理检测结果,成功构建SAP和MAP分级模型。
图5是所建立急性胰腺炎动物模型的CD68免疫组化检测结果,证明SAP和MAP分级模型与巨噬细胞数量正相关。
图6是Man-Gd-Lip针对所建立SAP和MAP动物模型的磁共振T1信号成像图片,达到区分急性胰腺炎严重程度的目的。
图7是Man-Gd-Lip处理后体内主要脏器的HE染色图片,未发现明显的组织毒性损伤。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的描述。
实施例一:合成靶向脂质材料Man-PEG-DSPE
将10μmol的1,2-二硬脂酰-SN-甘油-3-磷酰乙醇胺-N-氨基(DSPE-PEG-NH2,购于美国AVANTI公司)与40μmol的2-亚氨基-2-甲氧基乙基-1-硫代甘露糖苷(IME-硫代甘露糖苷,购于美国Carbosynth公司)加入到去离子水中,室温反应8小时,加入10μl浓度为1M的乙酸以终止反应,以3000分子量透析袋(购于美国Millipore公司)透析12小时,透析袋内溶液进一步通过Sephadex层析柱(pharmacia公司)分离得到Man-DSPE-PEG溶液,冷冻干燥得12.2mg。
实施例二:制备富含(DTPA(Gd))的纳米脂质体
称取6mg实施例一制得的Man-PEG-DSPE、15mg的1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-丙三醇-3-磷酸乙醇胺-二乙三胺五乙酸钆双葡甲胺(DPPE-DTPA(Gd),购于美国AVANTI公司)以及10mg的胆固醇充分溶于200μl的无水乙醇中,并以1ml/min的速度注入到2ml温度为50℃的离子水溶液中,磁力搅拌30min后,所得溶液依次挤过400nm、200nm、100nm、50nm孔径的聚碳酸酯膜(购于美国Millipore公司)各20次;经过Sephadex凝胶柱收集粒径均一的脂质体5.2ml。
实施例三:制备胰腺炎巨噬细胞靶向的Gd纳米脂质体Man-Gd-Lip
将5ml实施例二制备富含(DTPA(Gd))的纳米脂质体在将收集的脂质体溶液迅速升温至55℃后,加入2mg的Man-PEG-DSPE,溶解后静置2小时,经过Sephadex凝胶柱收集得到巨噬细胞靶向的Man-Gd-Lip;冷冻干燥处理后,获得固体粉末11.2mg。
实施例四:检测Man-Gd-Lip脂质体的性质参数
采用激光粒径仪测实施例三所制备Man-Gd-Lip溶液的粒径以及zeta电位值;通过电感耦合等离子发射光谱(ICP-OES,美国Agilent公司)测定上述Man-Gd-Lip中Gd元素含量,计算获得脂质体中对比剂的包封率,公式:Gd元素的包封量 = MGd/MMan-Gd-Lip×100%,结果如表1。透射电子显微镜观测Man-Gd-Lip的形态(图1)。
表1. 脂质体的性质参数(n = 3)。
名称 | 粒径(nm) | Zeta电位(mv) | Gd包封率(%) |
Man-Gd-Lip | 120.3±10.5 | -18.0±2.9 | 2.56±0.31 |
实施例五:测定Man-Gd-Lip弛豫率
将Man-Gd-Lip按照0.1 mM、0.5 mM、1.0 mM、2.0 mM、4.0 mM梯度分别加入到96孔板中,然后将96孔板放置于MRI专用头颈线圈中,以磁共振仪(美国GE公司)的T1序列进行成像,成像参数:矩阵(matrix)=128 × 128,视野(FOV)=45 × 45mm,回波时间(TE)=45ms,成像结果如图2A所示。将各孔中的T1数值倒数与对应的Gd浓度值进行曲线拟合,计算得Man-Gd-Lip的弛豫率为8.63,常规对比剂Gd-DTPA的弛豫率为4.56(图2B)。
实施例六:体外巨噬细胞靶向性评价
采用实施例一至三的方法制备荧光染料1,1-双十八烷基-3,3,3,3-四甲基吲哚三羰花青碘化物(Dir,购于美国SIGMA公司)标记的Man-Dir-Lip,取10×104个巨噬细胞RAW 264.7以及人胰腺HPC-Y5细胞加入到流式管中,分别加入适量5μl的Man-Dir-Lip,37℃条件共同孵育30 min。然后,通过流式细胞仪(德国Amnis公司)检测Man-Dir-Lip对细胞的靶向结合能力。如图3流式细胞图所示,HPC-Y5细胞表面较少结合Man-Dir-Lip,而Man-Dir-Lip对巨噬细胞具有良好的靶向结合能力。
实施例七:建立急性胰腺炎动物模型及病理评级
取5周龄雄性SD大鼠数只(购于中国科学院上海实验动物中心),通过腹腔注射0.5ml的20%浓度L-精氨酸溶液,完成注射后,将动物再次给予食物和水,诱导建立急性胰腺炎大鼠模型;对照模型Control组大鼠接受等体积0.9%的生理盐水的推注。在诱导后的第6、48小时时间处死大鼠,迅速取出胰腺腺体并以福尔马林溶液固定,通过切片HE染色处理,获得相应时间点的病理图片。在双盲条件下,对病理图片进行评分,区分为正常(Control)、轻型急性胰腺炎(MAP)、急性重型急性胰腺炎(SAP)。结果如图4:以上述诱导建模方法可以建立急性胰腺炎动物模型,且病理炎性程度与建模时间正相关。即处理后6-24小时形成MAP模型、24-48小时形成SAP模型。我们进一步对病理组织的炎性细胞进行CD68免疫染色,炎性细胞数量与病理炎性程度相一致,即SAP组织中存在大量炎性巨噬细胞,MAP中相对一定量巨噬细胞,而对照组中未见炎性细胞(图5)。
实施例八:Man-Gd-Lip对急性胰腺炎动物模型的MRI检测区分
取实施例七诱导建立的急性胰腺炎模型分轻重型两组(每组5只),通过动物气麻机麻醉大鼠后,将其固定于磁共振手臂线圈中,将实施例三制备的Man-Gd-Lip冻干干粉以生理盐溶解(脂质体浓度为2mg/ml),尾静脉注射100μl的Man-Gd-Lip,并分别在对比剂处理0、60、120min时间点,采用磁共振T1回波程序进行MRI成像,获取T1*WI的横断面图像,成像参数:矩阵(matrix)=256 × 256 μm, 视野(FOV)=250 × 250mm,回波时间(TE)=45 ms。结果下图6所示,给药后2小时时间内,正常(Control)大鼠的胰腺部位没有T1信号增强;SAP模型的胰腺区域的T1信号值一直保持高亮的增强状态;而MAP的胰腺区域信号值的峰值出现在第60min,而到120min时,信号值逐渐下降变暗,说明Man-Gd-Lip可实现体内靶向急性胰腺炎部位的巨噬细胞造影,利于急性胰腺炎诊断,并具有进一步区分轻重型急性胰腺炎能力。
实施例九:Man-Gd-Lip体内组织毒性检测
取雄性健康SD大鼠15只,随机分为三组,每组5只,分别尾静脉注射300μl的Man-Gd-Lip(脂质体浓度为2mg/ml),每隔一天注射一次,连续注射第三次后,处死大鼠,取心肝肾等主要脏器,以福尔马林固定后,切片及HE染色,观察Man-Gd-Lip对动物的重要器官是否具有毒副作用,具体结果如7所示,未见动物的主要脏器出现毒性损伤。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上,然其并非用以限定本发明,任何本领域技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,当可作些许的修改和完善,因此本发明的保护范围当以权利要求书所界定的为准。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体及其制备方法和应用,其特征在于:所述脂质体由1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-丙三醇-3-磷酸乙醇胺-二乙三胺五乙酸钆双葡甲胺,甘露醇修饰的二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇共聚物以及胆固醇所组成,其中Gd对比剂占比0.5%~10%,余量均为脂质成分;
所述急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体的制备方法包括以下几个步骤:
1)合成甘露醇修饰的二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇(Man-PEG-DSPE)材料:将1摩尔量的1,2-二硬脂酰-SN-甘油-3-磷酰乙醇胺-N-氨基(DSPE-PEG-NH2)与4摩尔质量2-亚氨基-2-甲氧基乙基-1-硫代甘露糖苷(IME-硫代甘露糖苷)加入到去离子水中,室温反应6-8小时后,加入少量浓度为1M的乙酸来终止反应;以3000分子量透析12小时除去包括乙酸等小分子物质,透析袋内溶液进一步通过层析柱分离收集分子量较大的材料组分Man-DSPE-PEG,冷冻干燥后备用;
2)制备富含(DTPA(Gd))的纳米脂质体:将步骤1)制得的Man-PEG-DSPE与1,2-二棕榈酰基-sn-丙三醇-3-磷酸乙醇胺-二乙三胺五乙酸钆双葡甲胺(DPPE-DTPA(Gd))以及胆固醇充分溶于1体积的无水乙醇后,将乙醇溶液以1ml/min的速度注入到5-50体积的离子水溶液(水温50-60℃)中,磁力搅拌30min后,所得溶液依次挤过400nm、200nm、100nm、50nm孔径的聚碳酸酯膜各20次;经过Sephadex凝胶柱收集粒径均一的脂质体;
3)纳米脂质体的靶向增强处理:将步骤2)制得的脂质体溶液迅速升温至一定温度后,加入适量步骤1)制得的材料Man-PEG-DSPE,静置处理2小时,经过Sephadex凝胶柱收集靶向增强的纳米脂质体溶液;
4)纳米脂质体的保存与使用:将步骤3)获得的靶向性脂质体溶液浓缩至一定浓度备用,或者以冷冻干燥后的固体粉末形式保存;使用时,以生理盐水或5%葡萄糖溶解或稀释后,静脉注射给药。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体,其特征在于步骤1)中,所述甘露醇偶联的二硬脂酰基磷脂酰乙醇胺-聚乙二醇材料(Man-PEG-DSPE),其分子结构式如下:
。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体,其特征在于步骤2)中,所述材料在乙醇溶液中的组成:Man-PEG-DSPE 40-60 份,DPPE-DTPA(Gd) 100-400份,胆固醇100-200份,乙醇溶液1000-4000份。
4.如权利要求1所述的用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体,其特征在于步骤3)中,所述升温温度为55-60℃。
5.如权利要求1所述的用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体,其特征在于步骤4)中,所述浓缩浓度为1-20mg/mL。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的用于急性胰腺炎磁共振成像的脂质体在制备磁共振造影剂中的应用,所述磁共振造影剂用于增强哺乳动物中的器官和器官结构的磁共振图像。
7.根据权利要求6所述的应用,用于制备靶向增强哺乳动物中急性胰腺炎的磁共振图像的磁共振造影剂。
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