CN108094191B - Breeding method of light insensitive, salt-alkali-tolerant and disease-resistant kenaf variety - Google Patents

Breeding method of light insensitive, salt-alkali-tolerant and disease-resistant kenaf variety Download PDF

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CN108094191B
CN108094191B CN201711461746.2A CN201711461746A CN108094191B CN 108094191 B CN108094191 B CN 108094191B CN 201711461746 A CN201711461746 A CN 201711461746A CN 108094191 B CN108094191 B CN 108094191B
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徐建堂
祁建民
林培清
方平平
林荔辉
陶爱芬
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Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University
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    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
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Abstract

The invention provides a breeding method of light insensitive salt-alkali resistant disease-resistant kenaf variety, belonging to the technical field of kenaf stress-resistant disease-resistant breeding, taking kenaf country high-yield variety Fuhong 9921 as a recurrent parent, taking light insensitive kenaf praise No. 1, a high-anthracnose resistant variety ZHKX-01 and a salt-alkali resistant variety Jinhang 25 as resistance-resistant parents, adopting a synchronous backcross and hybrid polymerization method to polymerize and introduce 4 main photoperiod insensitive genes, kenaf disease-resistant resistance genes and salt-alkali resistant genes into a high-yield kenaf variety with the same genetic background, breeding a new variety of multi-resistance, stress-resistance, light insensitive and high-yield kenaf with simultaneously light insensitive characteristic, high anthracnose and root-knot nematode resistance and salt-alkali resistance, other agricultural and yield characters highly consistent with the original recurrent parent, increasing yield, reducing the use of chemical pesticide, reducing environmental pollution, meanwhile, the method is not influenced by the photoperiods of different dimensional areas, and is suitable for planting and popularization in saline-alkali areas.

Description

Breeding method of light insensitive, salt-alkali-tolerant and disease-resistant kenaf variety
Technical Field
The invention particularly relates to a breeding method of a light insensitive, disease-resistant and salt and alkali resistant kenaf variety, belonging to the technical field of kenaf disease-resistant and stress-resistant breeding.
Background
Kenaf (A)Hibiscus cannabinusL.) is an annual herbaceous bast fiber crop of hibiscus of Malvaceae, is an important economic crop in China, is an important industrial raw material for bast fiber spinning and papermaking, and can be used for bast fiber film processing and soil improvement. In the growing process of kenaf, the kenaf is often affected by various diseases, such as anthracnose, root knot nematode and other main diseases of kenaf, which can cause serious production loss. Wherein the anthracnose is the most serious quarantine disease in China's kenaf production, the disease is fulminantly epidemic in China's kenaf main producing area in 1950-1953, and at the time, the kenaf main planting variety is infected, so that China's kenaf area is forced to abandon kenaf to breed jute,the area of kenaf in China is from 18167 kilohm2Reduce to less than 333133 hm2. Root knot nematode disease is a main disease of ambary in China, and is mainly distributed in Yangtze river basin and southern China hemp area, and local areas of Huang-Huai-Haima area also occur. The nematode damages the hemp root, the root system of the diseased plant generates a plurality of nodules which cause yellow leaves, short plants and poor growth and development, and the nematode is easily infected by fungi to cause root rot, thus accelerating the death of the hemp plant, generally reducing the yield by 20 to 30 percent, and reaching more than 50 percent in serious cases, even losing the yield. If the pesticide is not used for prevention and treatment, 30% -50% of loss can be caused, the harm of the ambary diseases and insect pests can be effectively controlled by spraying the pesticide, the yield is increased, but the ecological balance is greatly destroyed by using the pesticide in a large amount for a long time, the environment is polluted, the diseases and insect pests are rampant, and the difficulty of prevention and treatment is increased.
In addition, the kenaf aims at harvesting bast fiber, the growth period of the kenaf is sensitive to photoperiod reaction, the yield of the fiber is obviously reduced due to early flowering of the variety, the sensitivity of the photoperiod reaction and the length of the growth period are one of the key factors determining the low yield of the kenaf fiber, compared with the general variety, the kenaf variety with the photoperiod reaction insensitivity is bred, the plant height and the yield increase effect on the fiber yield are obvious, and the yield increase can be generally increased by 20-30%. Salt stress is a major abiotic stress that limits crop yield and agricultural production worldwide. The influence of salt stress on plants is explored, the salt tolerance mechanism of the plants is researched and utilized, and salt-tolerant crop varieties are bred and developed, so that the method has important research and application values for more reasonably and effectively utilizing limited cultivated land. Practice proves that the cultivation and popularization of new kenaf varieties with disease resistance, salt and alkali resistance and light insensitive sense is one of the simplest and most feasible and effective ways to control kenaf diseases, adapt to planting in different latitudes, avoid land competition with grains and fully utilize coastal saline-alkali soil. However, most of the kenaf varieties in China are single-resistance and single-character varieties, and in order to promote the sustainable development of kenaf in China, attention must be paid to and strengthened breeding of kenaf which is insensitive to photoperiod reaction, disease-resistant and salt and alkali-resistant, and a new kenaf variety which is insensitive to light, salt and alkali-resistant, resistant to various diseases and has composite resistance is innovated.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breeding method of a salt-alkali-resistant disease-resistant kenaf variety, so that the resistance of the kenaf variety is greatly improved.
The invention summarizes [ J ] China hemp industry science, 2011, 33(06):269 & lt 276+ 312) or Fuhong No. 7 by regional test of a high-yield and high-quality variety Fuhong 9921 (Tangqingming, Tangzaiwei, Zhuquarternary, Liutouming. 2009) of ambary new variety (series) of kenaf in 2010, takes the light insensitive kenaf Zanzhen No. 1 as a photoperiod reaction insensitive gene source (Zhang Wu, Huangzhi second, Wanxuebei, Linzihui, Xujiatang, Aidofen, Fangping, Qijian Jianmin. identification and genetic analysis of the light period insensitive material [ J ] crop academic report, 2014,40(12) & lt 2098) & gt anthrax 2103), and the high-resistance variety Xinan thorny (Yusen, Liudaqianqian, Liuwei, Qijian Jianmin, Linzhi Hui, Fang Ping, Aifen, Huang, Huangwen, Hongkong variety Xin, Hongkong variety identification and anti-anthrax factors and anti-source screening [ J ] of germplasm, 2011, 26(02): 200-205), high root-knot nematode resistant variety ZHKX-01 (Cheng Li, Luocai, Juguan Ling, Zhao Qiang, jin guan Rong.7 kenaf variety (series) appraises flower root-knot nematode resistance [ J ]. crop magazine, 2013, (05): 37-39), high salt resistant variety Jinhang 25 (Wang Mei, Hongman germplasm resource salt tolerance evaluation and its jute SRAP fingerprint construction [ D ]. Fujian agriculture forest university thesis, 2012.06) as gene source or resistance source parent, 4 main kenaf photoperiod reaction insensitive gene, disease resistance source and salt-tolerant alkali gene are polymerized and introduced into high yield kenaf variety with the same genetic background by adopting synchronous backcross and hybridization polymerization method to breed multi-resistant kenaf variety which can simultaneously have insensitivity to photoperiod reaction, high resistance to anthracnose, root knot nematode and salt-tolerant, and other agricultural and yield characteristics highly consistent with those of original recurrent parent, The kenaf variety is high-yielding, thereby greatly improving the disease resistance and salt tolerance of the kenaf variety, increasing the yield and simultaneously reducing the pollution.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
1) taking the high-yield kenaf variety of the R variety as recurrent parents, and respectively hybridizing the recurrent parents with a light-insensitive kenaf Zanza No. 1 variety, a high-anthracnose-resistant variety, namely a Xinan stingless and root-knot nematode-resistant variety ZHKX-01 and a high-salt-resistant variety Jinhang No. 25 to obtain 4 hybrids F1;
2) planting the 4 hybrids F obtained in step 1)1Generation and selfing to obtain F2Generation and planting F22500 strain, 2000-2Identifying the photoperiod reaction, disease resistance or salt and alkali resistance of each combination, only identifying the corresponding photoperiod reaction type, disease resistance type or salt and alkali resistance of the resistance parent, screening out single plants which have insensitive photoperiod reaction, high anthracnose resistance, high root-knot nematode resistance and high salt and alkali resistance and have agronomic and yield characters similar to those of the recurrent parent R, and backcrossing with the recurrent parent R to obtain backcrossed BC1F1Generation;
3) planting backcross BC obtained in step 2)1F1Bagging and selfing to obtain BC1F2Generation and planting of BC1F22500 generations of 2000-year-old plants, each combination identifies the photoperiod reaction characteristic, disease resistance or salt and alkali resistance, each combination only identifies the corresponding characteristic, the disease resistance type or salt and alkali resistance of the anti-source parent, and single plants which are screened to have light insensitive, high disease resistance or high salt and alkali resistance and have agronomic and yield characteristics similar to those of the recurrent parent R are continuously backcrossed with the recurrent parent R to obtain backcrossed BC2F1Generation;
4) repeating the steps 2) and 3) to backcross BC5F1Bagging and selfing to obtain BC5F2Finally screening to obtain kenaf near isogenic lines with agronomic and yield characteristics similar to those of recurrent parent R, light insensitive, high resistance to corresponding diseases or salt and alkali resistance, respectively using KA、KB、KC、KDRepresents;
5) making hybrid KA/KB、KC/KDPlanting the hybrid F thereof1Selfing in bags or bags to obtain F2Respectively take F as substitute2-AB 、F2-CDIs represented by the formula F2Identifying the growth period, disease resistance or salt and alkali resistance of each generation of combination, identifying the growth period of each combination, 2 disease types or salt and alkali resistance of corresponding resistance parent, screening 1 single plant with high disease resistance or high salt and alkali resistance and similar agronomic and yield characters to the recurrent parent R, and performing hybridization F2-AB/F2-CDObtaining 2 hybrids F1Respectively with F1-ABCDRepresents;
6) planting F obtained in step 5)1-ABCDPlanting F1-ABCDObtaining F2-ABCDTo F2-ABCDIdentifying disease resistance or salt and alkali tolerance, identifying 2 disease types and salt and alkali tolerance of all late growth stages and resistance parents, and screening 20-25 single plants which have light insensitive feeling, high disease resistance and high salt and alkali tolerance and have agronomic and yield characters close to those of recurrent parents R;
7) and (3) planting the light insensitive, salt and alkali resistant and disease resistant kenaf strain obtained in the step 6), and screening out a strain with agronomic characters similar to the recurrent parent R and good yield characters to breed a light insensitive, strong disease resistance and salt and alkali resistant kenaf variety which can simultaneously resist salt and alkali, high resistance to anthracnose and root knot nematode and is late to the breeding period.
The high-yield kenaf variety (recurrent parent R) is as follows: fu hong 9921 or fu hong 7.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention has the effects that the resistance source genes for controlling the light insensitive, salt and alkali resistant, high anthracnose resistance and root knot nematode disease of the kenaf are respectively introduced into the same kenaf high-yield variety by a hybridization backcross breeding method to breed a near isogenic line containing the same genetic background and different resistance genes, and then 2 resistance genes, the light insensitive gene and the salt and alkali resistant gene are polymerized in the same genetic background high-yield kenaf variety by pairwise hybridization polymerization of the near isogenic line to breed the light insensitive, salt and alkali resistant and disease resistant kenaf variety which can simultaneously resist salt and alkali and high resistance 2 diseases, and other agronomic and yield characters are highly consistent with the original excellent kenaf parent, and still has high yield and high quality characteristics. Because the salt and alkali resistance and disease resistance are realized, the kenaf variety which is insensitive to photoperiod reaction can increase the yield by 20-30 percent per mu, reduce the pesticide spraying cost by 200-500 yuan, and simultaneously provide the kenaf fiber yield. Compared with the traditional one-by-one introduction method, the breeding time can be saved by 3-4 years.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
1) the high-yield kenaf variety Fuhong 9921 recurrent parent (R variety) is respectively used for recalling No. 1 (A variety) and high-carbon resistance with the light-insensitive kenaf varietyXinan Wuci variety (B variety), high root-knot nematode resistance variety (C variety) and high salt and alkali resistance variety Jinhang 25 (D variety) to obtain 4 hybrids F1；
2) Planting of 5 hybrids F obtained in step 1)1Generation and selfing to obtain F2Generation and planting F2Generation 2000 strain, F2Identifying the disease resistance or saline-alkali tolerance of each generation of combination, identifying only the disease resistance type or saline-alkali tolerance of the corresponding resistance parent of each combination, screening out single plants with high disease resistance or high saline-alkali tolerance and similar agronomic and yield characters to those of the recurrent parent R, backcrossing the single plants with the recurrent parent R to obtain backcrossed BC1F1Generation;
3) planting backcross BC obtained in step 2)1F1BC obtained by self-crossing in bag1F2Generation and planting of BC1F2The generation 2000 plants are identified by each combination, each combination only identifies the disease-resistant variety or salt and alkali resistance of the corresponding resistance parent, and the selected single plants with late growth period, high disease resistance or high salt and alkali resistance and similar agronomic and yield characters to the recurrent parent R are continuously backcrossed with the recurrent parent R to obtain backcrossed BC2F1Generation;
4) repeating the steps 2) and 3) to backcross BC5F1Bagging and selfing to obtain BC5F2Generation and final screening to obtain kenaf isogenic line with agronomic and yield characteristics similar to those of recurrent parent R, light insensitive, high resistance to corresponding diseases or salt and alkali resistance, and using K as referenceA、KB、KC、KDRepresents;
5) making hybrid KA/KB、KC/KDPlanting the hybrid F thereof1Generation, F2Generation (with F respectively)2-AB 、F2-CDIs represented by the formula) F)2Identifying the light insensitive, disease resistant or salt and alkali resistant property of each generation of combination, identifying the growth period of each combination, 2 disease types or salt and alkali resistant properties of corresponding resistance parent, screening 1 single plant with light insensitive, high disease resistant or salt and alkali resistant properties and agronomic and yield properties similar to those of recurrent parent R, and making hybrid F2-AB/F2-CDTo obtain a compound cross F1(with F)1-ABCDRepresents);
6) planting F obtained in step 5)1-ABCDMaking a hybrid F1-ABCDPlanting F1-ABCDObtaining F2-ABCDTo F2-ABCDIdentifying the growth period, disease resistance or salt and alkali resistance, identifying the 2 disease types and salt and alkali resistance of all the anti-source parents, and screening 20-25 single plants which have light insensitive, high anthracnose and root knot nematode disease resistance, high salt and alkali resistance and have agronomic and yield characters close to those of the recurrent parent R;
7) planting the kenaf strains with light insensitive, salt and alkali resistance, anthracnose resistance and root knot nematode disease resistance obtained in the step 6), and screening out strains with agronomic characters similar to those of recurrent parent R and good yield characters, namely the kenaf strains with light insensitive, salt and alkali resistance, multiple resistance and good resistance of 9921.
The multi-resistance fuchsin 9921 can resist salt and alkali, high resistance to anthracnose and root knot nematode diseases, is insensitive to photoperiod reaction, and is suitable for planting and popularization in low-latitude and northern main hemp producing areas.
The agronomic and yield characters of the multi-resistant fuchsin 9921 are highly consistent with the original excellent kenaf parent fuchsin 9921, and the multi-resistant fuchsin 9921 has the characteristics of high yield and high quality. Because of the light insensitivity, salt and alkali resistance, anthracnose resistance and root-knot nematode resistance, the yield of the 'multi-resistant Fuhong 9921' can be increased by 15-20% compared with the Fuhong 9921 per mu, the pesticide spraying cost is reduced by 300 yuan, and the fiber yield is improved. Compared with the traditional one-by-one introduction method, the breeding time can be saved by 3-4 years.
Example 2:
1) the high-yield kenaf variety Fuhong No. 7 recurrent parent (R variety) is respectively hybridized with the light-insensitive kenaf variety Zanzhen No. 1 (A variety), the high-anthracnose-resistant variety Xinan Wuci (B variety), the high-root-knot nematode-resistant variety C (C variety) and the high-salt-alkali-resistant variety Jinhang 25 (D variety) to obtain 4 hybrids F1；
2) Planting of 5 hybrids F obtained in step 1)1Generation and selfing to obtain F2Generation and planting F22500 th generation, F2Identifying the disease resistance or saline-alkali tolerance of each combination, and identifying the disease resistance of the corresponding resistance parent of each combinationSelecting single plants with high resistance to anthracnose and root knot nematode disease or high salt and alkali resistance and with agronomic and yield characters similar to those of the recurrent parent R for backcross with the recurrent parent R to obtain backcross BC1F1Generation;
3) planting backcross BC obtained in step 2)1F1Generation, selfing to obtain BC1F2Bagging and selfing to obtain BC1F22500 generations of plants are selected, each combination identifies the growth period, the disease resistance or the saline-alkali tolerance, each combination only identifies the disease resistance type or the saline-alkali tolerance of the corresponding resistance parent, and the single plants which have late growth period, high disease resistance or high saline-alkali tolerance and have agronomic and yield characters similar to those of the recurrent parent R are screened out to be continuously backcrossed with the recurrent parent R to obtain backcrossed BC2F1Generation;
4) repeating the steps 2) and 3) to backcross BC5F1Bagging and selfing to obtain BC5F2Generation and final screening to obtain kenaf isogenic line with agronomic and yield characteristics similar to those of recurrent parent R, light insensitive, high resistance to corresponding diseases or salt and alkali resistance, and using K as referenceA、KB、KC、KDRepresents;
5) making hybrid KA/KB、KC/KDPlanting the hybrid F thereof1Generation and selfing to obtain F2Generation (with F respectively)2-AB、F2-CDIs represented by the formula) F)2Identifying the light insensitive, disease resistant or salt and alkali resistant property of each generation of combination, identifying the growth period of each combination, 2 disease types or salt and alkali resistant properties of corresponding resistance parent, screening 1 single plant with light insensitive, high disease resistant or salt and alkali resistant properties and agronomic and yield properties similar to those of recurrent parent R, and making hybrid F2-AB/F2-CDTo obtain a compound cross F1(with F)1-ABCDRepresents);
6) planting F obtained in step 5)1-ABCDMaking a hybrid F1-ABCDPlanting F1-ABCDObtaining F2-ABCDTo F2-ABCDThe growth period, disease resistance or salt and alkali resistance of the parent are identified, 2 kinds of disease and insect and salt and alkali resistance of all the parent are identified, and light insensitive and high salt and alkali resistance are screened20-25 single plants which are resistant to anthracnose and root knot nematode disease, have high salt and alkali tolerance and have agronomic and yield characters close to those of a recurrent parent R;
7) planting the kenaf strains with light insensitive, salt and alkali resistance, anthracnose resistance and root knot nematode disease resistance obtained in the step 6), and screening out strains with agronomic characters similar to those of recurrent parent R and good yield characters, namely the kenaf strains with light insensitive, salt and alkali resistance, multiple resistance and good resistance, namely 'Fuhong No. 7'.
The 'multi-resistance fuchsin No. 7' can resist salt and alkali, has high resistance to anthracnose and root knot nematode diseases, is insensitive to photoperiod reaction, and is suitable for planting and popularization in low-latitude and northern main hemp producing areas.
The agronomic and yield characters of the multi-resistant fuchsin No. 7 are highly consistent with those of the original excellent kenaf variety parent fuchsin No. 7, and the multi-resistant fuchsin No. 7 has the characteristics of high yield and high quality. Because of the light insensitive, saline-alkali resistant, anthracnose resistant and root knot nematode disease resistant, 'resistant Fuhong No. 7' can increase the yield by 15-20% compared with Fuhong No. 7 per mu, reduce the pesticide spraying cost by 500 yuan and improve the fiber yield. Compared with the traditional one-by-one introduction method, the breeding time can be saved by 3-4 years.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the claims of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A breeding method of a light insensitive, salt-alkali resistant and disease-resistant kenaf variety is characterized by comprising the following steps: the breeding method comprises the following steps:
1) taking the high-yield kenaf variety of R variety as recurrent parent, respectively hybridizing with the light-insensitive variety of A variety of Zanzhi No. 1, the high-anthracnose-resistant variety of B variety of Xinan Wuci-not thorn, the high-root-knot nematode-resistant variety of C variety of ZHKX-01 and the salt-alkali-resistant kenaf variety Jinhang 25 to obtain 4 hybrid F1；
2) Planting the 4 hybrids F obtained in step 1)1Through bagging and selfing to obtain F2Generation and planting F22500 strain, 2000-2Identifying the photoperiod response characteristics, disease resistance or salt and alkali resistance of each combination, and identifying the corresponding characteristics of each combination, namely the photoperiod response characteristics, the anthracnose resistance of the resistant parent and the rootScreening out single plants with light insensitivity, high anthracnose resistance, high root-knot nematode resistance or high salt and alkali resistance, and with agronomic and yield characters similar to those of recurrent parent R, and backcrossing with recurrent parent R to obtain backcrossed BC1F1Generation;
3) planting backcross BC obtained in step 2)1F1Generation, obtaining BC through bagging and selfing1F2Generation and planting of BC1F22500 generations of 2000-year old plants, each combination identifies the photoperiod reaction characteristic, disease resistance and salt and alkali resistance, each combination only identifies the corresponding characteristic, namely the photoperiod reaction characteristic, the disease resistance variety or salt and alkali resistance of the resistance parent, single plants which are screened to have light insensitivity, high anthracnose resistance, high root-knot nematode resistance or high salt and alkali resistance and have agronomic and yield characteristics similar to those of the recurrent parent R are backcrossed with the recurrent parent R to obtain backcrossed BC2F1Generation;
4) repeating the steps 2) and 3) to backcross BC5F1Generation and planting of BC5F1Generation, bagging and selfing to obtain BC5F2And finally screening to obtain kenaf near isogenic lines with agronomic and yield characteristics similar to those of recurrent parent R, light insensitive, high anthracnose resistance, high root knot nematode resistance and salt and alkali resistance, and respectively using K as a referenceA、KB、KC、KDRepresents;
5) making hybrid KA/KB、KC/KDPlanting the hybrid F thereof1Bag-in-bag selfing F1Obtaining F2Respectively take F as substitute2-AB、F2-CDIs represented by the formula F2Identifying the photoperiod response characteristic, disease resistance or salt and alkali resistance of each generation of combination, identifying only the photoperiod response characteristic, 2 disease types or salt and alkali resistance of corresponding resistance parent, screening 1 single plant with light insensitive, high disease resistance or high salt and alkali resistance and similar agronomic and yield characteristics to the recurrent parent R, and making hybrid F2-AB/F2-CDObtaining a hybrid F1With F1-ABCDRepresents;
6) planting F obtained in step 5)1-ABCDPlanting F1-ABCDObtaining F2-ABCDTo F2-ABCDIdentifying the photoperiod reaction characteristic, disease resistance or salt and alkali resistance, identifying the photoperiod reaction insensitivity, anthracnose resistance, root-knot nematode resistance and salt and alkali resistance, and screening 20-25 single plants which have light insensitivity, high disease resistance and high salt and alkali resistance and have agronomic and yield characters close to those of recurrent parent R;
7) planting the light insensitive, disease-resistant and salt and alkali resistant kenaf strains obtained in the step 6), and screening out strains with similar agronomic characters to the recurrent parent R and good yield characters to breed light insensitive, salt and alkali resistant and disease resistant kenaf varieties which can simultaneously resist photoperiod insensitivity, salt and alkali, high anthracnose resistance and high root knot nematode resistance;
the high-yield kenaf variety is Fuhong 9921 or Fuhong No. 7.
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103125369A (en) * 2013-03-19 2013-06-05 福建农林大学 Breeding method for multi-resistance hibiscus cannabinus variety
CN104620978A (en) * 2015-02-10 2015-05-20 福建农林大学 Breeding method of cytoplasmic male sterile line of quality disease-resistant photo periodical insensitive hibiscus cannabinus

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