CN108086086B - A method of drilling repairs structure and repairs exploration coring bituminous pavement using it - Google Patents
A method of drilling repairs structure and repairs exploration coring bituminous pavement using it Download PDFInfo
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- CN108086086B CN108086086B CN201711399384.9A CN201711399384A CN108086086B CN 108086086 B CN108086086 B CN 108086086B CN 201711399384 A CN201711399384 A CN 201711399384A CN 108086086 B CN108086086 B CN 108086086B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C11/00—Details of pavings
- E01C11/005—Methods or materials for repairing pavings
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C23/00—Auxiliary devices or arrangements for constructing, repairing, reconditioning, or taking-up road or like surfaces
- E01C23/06—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road
- E01C23/09—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for forming cuts, grooves, or recesses, e.g. for making joints or channels for markings, for cutting-out sections to be removed; for cleaning, treating, or filling cuts, grooves, recesses, or fissures; for trimming paving edges
- E01C23/0966—Devices or arrangements for working the finished surface; Devices for repairing or reconditioning the surface of damaged paving; Recycling in place or on the road for forming cuts, grooves, or recesses, e.g. for making joints or channels for markings, for cutting-out sections to be removed; for cleaning, treating, or filling cuts, grooves, recesses, or fissures; for trimming paving edges for filling or priming, with or without working the surface of the filling or applying particulate material thereto, e.g. for filling the joints of stone-sett paving
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Road Repair (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of method that drilling repairs structure and repairs exploration coring bituminous pavement using it, it includes upper layer steel plate, lower layer's steel plate and anchor pole that structure is repaired in drilling, the upper layer steel plate and lower layer's steel plate are oppositely arranged, and anchor pole one end is pierced by upper layer steel plate, and the other end is pierced by lower layer's steel plate；Anchor pole periphery is equipped with external screw thread, and the anchor pole of upper layer steel plate upper and lower is equipped with fixture nut and the first lower fixture nut on first, and the anchor pole of lower layer's steel plate upper and lower is equipped with fixture nut and the second lower fixture nut on second；Anchor pole is 4-6 root, is uniformly located on upper layer steel plate and lower layer's steel plate.The configuration of the present invention is simple, it is easy to operate, it can effectively solve the depression problem reappeared after urban road drilling is quickly repaired and repair place road surface breakage problem；It can overcome conventional method after the long-time use of road surface, road surface depression caused by backfill soil body compression becomes dense；Can repair Urban Road Asphalt Pavement work in accomplish quickly and effectively, do not influence traffic for a long time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to road construction fields, and in particular to a kind of drilling repairs structure and repairs exploration coring using it and drips
The method on green road surface.
Background technique
In recent years, as the social economy in China continues to develop, urban population is continuously increased, and urban traffic pressure is all with day
Increase, urban traffic engineering construction is growing day by day, and the construction demand of subway engineering is continuously increased in city.Due to its underground engineering
Particularity, construction unit need to carry out survey and design in early period, and understanding may pass through the character and delamination on stratum locating for route
And the distribution of underground water, this must just carry out boring and coring and carry out laboratory experiment analysis.And China's urban construction is lacked experience,
Urban pavement construction is difficult to underground traffic construction while coordinated planning, and many subway lines needs, which are walked, has built city road
Road.Hole caused by road surface underground soil carries out after coring exploration is abolished to repair, often because roadbed be difficult to it is disposable sufficiently
It is backfilling and compacted, it is gradually closely knit to roll lower roadbed backfill repeatedly in vehicle, and generates recess, while causing surface bituminous pavement recessed
It falls into.Road surface after recess not only unsightly, but also easily threatens to the traffic safety of driving vehicle.In addition, pit is in the rainy day
The ponding of generation is also difficult to drain in time, the action of soaking in meeting road pavement Asphalt Production growth period, to destroy the normal knot on road surface
Structure.Because of the needs of road traffic, the sufficient time is generally difficult to the repair of such breakage and working face is compacted
Soil is backfilled, such road depression problem is difficult to avoid, and takes which kind of construction technology, quickly and easily disposable to carrying out at this
Comprehensive reparation is a technical problem of current road rehabilitation work.
Through retrieving to existing technical literature, Chinese invention patent application number 201010573401.8 describes a kind of " drip
Green road surface repair system and its restorative procedure ", the technology give provide it is a kind of can ensure repair after road surface quality and can drop
The bituminous pavement repair system and its restorative procedure of low cost, are set using initialization module, recovery scenario selecting module, cross section
Meter module, comparison module, judgment module and output module combination can the reparation problem to bituminous pavement carry out examining for system
Consider and handle, suitable restorative procedure and new road surface parameter can be chosen by comprehensively considering, reaching reduces cost and promoted new
The effect of pavement quality, this method can be widely applied in all kinds of road rehabilitation works.But there is also some problems for the technology: repairing
Compound formula can only be for solving the problems, such as that road crust or shallow-layer are impaired, and the damage of road pavement profound level, such as boring damage etc. are asked
Topic, which lacks, to be considered；Road pavement repair has been merely given as lacking than broad instruction for the specific of particular problem
Measure is instructed, in actual operation, construction personnel also needs to refer to related data and specification.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: to overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the object of the invention provides a kind of reparation work in Urban Asphalt Pavement
In work, it is able to solve the problem of conventional back-filling way is also easy to produce recess, the bituminous pavement of repairing is worked normally for a long time
Drilling repair structure and using it repair exploration coring bituminous pavement method.
Technical solution: in order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of drilling reparation structure, including upper layer steel plate, lower layer's steel plate and anchor pole, the upper layer steel plate and lower layer's steel plate phase
To setting, anchor pole one end is pierced by upper layer steel plate, and the other end is pierced by lower layer's steel plate；Anchor pole periphery is equipped with external screw thread, on the steel plate of upper layer,
The anchor pole of lower section is equipped with fixture nut and the first lower fixture nut on first, and the anchor pole of lower layer's steel plate upper and lower is equipped with the
Fixture nut and the second lower fixture nut on two；Anchor pole is 4-6 root, is uniformly located on upper layer steel plate and lower layer's steel plate.
Working principle: the present invention includes upper layer steel plate, lower layer's steel plate and combining anchor structure and the native two big portions of backfill element
Point, the depression problem reappeared after urban road drilling is quickly repaired and repair place road surface are solved by the combination of the two
Damaging problem；The co-ordinative construction of the Prefabricated steel construction of use and backfill can solving road construction time restricted problem
Meanwhile and can complete repair structure fixation problem.
The upper layer steel plate and lower layer's steel plate are that shape is identical, equal-sized round pie steel plate, upper layer steel plate and lower layer
Steel plate is equipped with tapped through hole that is equal with anchor pole quantity and being mutually matched on the circumference at outer edge 5-10cm；It can improve
Steel plate and rockbolt installation efficiency are suitble to matching heatable adobe sleeping platform.
The anchor pole and tapped through hole aperture are 20-30mm, can ensure that anchor rod strength, improve the pressure resistance for repairing structure
Property.
The upper layer steel plate and lower layer's steel plate diameter are the three times of road coring bore diameter or more, thickness be 1cm with
On.
A method of structure repair, which is repaired, using drilling surveys coring bituminous pavement, comprising the following steps:
1) drilling circumferential surface asphalt surface course, and the roadbed soil layer spoil below the asphalt surface course cut are cut
Hole；
2) soil is backfilled into drilling, drilling is backfilling into when backfilling soil always and is filled and led up completely, behind backfill face and excavation
Heatable adobe sleeping platform bottom surface flushes；
3) lower layer's steel plate is fixed on anchor pole, under being first screwed into second on the position in every anchor pole apart from bottom end equal length
Then lower layer's steel plate is covered on anchor pole by drilling, fixture nut on second is finally screwed on lower layer's steel plate by fixture nut,
Fixture nut is fixed after being twisted with spanner stuck in second lower fixture nut and second, it is ensured that non-loosening happens；
4) anchor pole for fixing lower layer's steel plate is put into heatable adobe sleeping platform, then hammers anchor pole top, open the insertion of anchor pole bottom end
After digging in the base course of heatable adobe sleeping platform bottom, all it is driven into soil layer until by lower layer's steel plate anchor pole section below, makes lower layer's steel plate and open
The bottom surface fitting in shoveling hole；
5) backfill is inserted into heatable adobe sleeping platform, until back fill course top surface is flushed with roadbed soil layer top surface；
6) fixture nut in the case where every anchor pole is screwed into first, then puts on upper layer steel plate, then be screwed into fixture nut on first,
Fixture nut is fixed after being twisted with spanner stuck on first, it is ensured that non-loosening happens；
7) surface layer asphalt surface course is repaired, pitch is cast on the steel plate of upper layer, so that road surface is smooth, no concave-convex breakage is asked
Topic, after asphalt surface course has some strength.
It is preferred that excavating heatable adobe sleeping platform in the step 1) is round heatable adobe sleeping platform, round heatable adobe sleeping platform diameter is bore diameter three times or more, circle
Shape heatable adobe sleeping platform inner wall is smooth circular arc, and no concave-convex rises and falls.
Lower layer's steel plate and upper layer steel plate are to match with round heatable adobe sleeping platform outer diameter, and the lower surface of lower layer's steel plate is to every
The distance of anchor pole bottom end is all equal；Lower layer's steel plate that several anchor poles for fixing lower layer's steel plate can be made to erect on the ground keeps water
It is flat, no inclination conditions.
It is tamped when backfill soil in backfill in the step 2) and step 5), the soil of backfill ensures to dry fine and closely woven；Energy
It prevents the soil of backfill and causes heatable adobe sleeping platform to be recessed the case where having gap or soil block blocking channel.
In the step 4) when hammering process, every anchor pole need to be hammered in order along the same direction, every hammering is each
Bury 1~2cm, then hammers next anchor pole, so recycles, until lower layer's steel plate is bonded with the bottom surface for excavating heatable adobe sleeping platform；It can make
Each anchor pole uniform stressed, is bonded lower layer's steel plate completely with heatable adobe sleeping platform bottom surface.
The first lower fixture nut in the step 6) on every anchor pole is on a horizontal surface, the top surface of upper layer steel plate
It is flushed with roadbed top surface, upper layer steel plate can be made to keep being bonded with each first lower fixture nut, be able to maintain level, no inclination
It happens.
Above-mentioned locating effect to be inserted in after the steel plate of upper layer, at the upper surface of upper layer steel plate and the bottom surface of surrounding bitumen layer
On a horizontal plane, so that the road that the lower surface of lower layer's steel plate is exactly excavated to the distance between the upper surface of upper layer steel plate
The heatable adobe sleeping platform depth of base soil layer.
The utility model has the advantages that the configuration of the present invention is simple, easy to operate, can effectively solve after urban road drilling is quickly repaired again
The depression problem and repair place road surface breakage problem of appearance；It can overcome conventional method after the long-time use of road surface, backfill the soil body
Road surface depression caused by compression becomes dense；Can repair Urban Road Asphalt Pavement work in accomplish quickly and effectively, do not grow
Time effects traffic.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that structure structural schematic diagram is repaired in present invention drilling；
Fig. 2 steel plate structure schematic diagram in upper layer of the present invention；
Fig. 3 lower layer's steel plate structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1-3, structure, including upper layer steel plate 3, lower layer's steel plate 9 and anchor pole 6, the upper layer are repaired in a kind of drilling
Steel plate 3 and lower layer's steel plate 9 are oppositely arranged, and 6 one end of anchor pole is pierced by upper layer steel plate 3, and the other end is pierced by lower layer's steel plate 9；6 periphery of anchor pole
Equipped with external screw thread, the anchor pole 6 of 3 upper and lower of upper layer steel plate is equipped with fixture nut 2 and the first lower fixture nut 4, lower layer on first
The anchor pole 6 of 9 upper and lower of steel plate is equipped with fixture nut 8 and the second lower fixture nut 10 on second；Anchor pole 6 is 4-6 root, uniformly
It is located on upper layer steel plate 3 and lower layer's steel plate 9；Upper layer steel plate 3 and lower layer steel plate 9 identical, the equal-sized round pie steel for shape
Plate, upper layer steel plate 3 and lower layer's steel plate 9 are equipped with equal and mutual with 6 quantity of anchor pole on the circumference at outer edge 5-10cm
Matched tapped through hole 13；Anchor pole 6 and 13 aperture of tapped through hole are 20-30mm；Upper layer steel plate 3 and 9 diameter of lower layer's steel plate are
More than the three times of road coring 12 diameters of drilling, thickness is 1cm or more.
The method for repairing structure repair exploration coring bituminous pavement using drilling, comprising the following steps:
Step 1:, in conjunction with construction experience and structure feature, determining chisel according to Fig. 1 structure and site specific
Except range be using drill 12 centers as center of circle diameter be slightly larger than 30cm range, within the scope of this all bitumen layers and depth be
25cm roadbed soil layer 11 is cut, and the height cut is accurate as far as possible, and the roadbed soil layer 11 after cutting should be smooth as far as possible, is cut
Circular arc it is regular as far as possible, during cutting roadbed soil layer 11, generated spoir is directly backfilled in drilling 12；
Step 2: inserting backfill 5 into drilling 12, drilling 12 is backfilling into when inserting backfill 5 always and is filled and led up completely,
Backfill face is flushed with 7 bottom surface of heatable adobe sleeping platform after excavation；
Step 3: processing upper layer steel plate 3, lower layer's steel plate 9 according to specific field condition, and by lower layer's steel plate 9 on second
Fixture nut 8 and the second lower fixture nut 10 are fixed on the position apart from 6 top 28cm of anchor pole or so, and 6 length of anchor pole used is
40cm screws up with a wrench, and then as shown in Figure 1, being placed into heatable adobe sleeping platform 7, hammers four 6 tops of anchor pole with this, every hammer into
1~2cm of soil then changes a hammering in order, until lower layer's steel plate 9, which can be bonded, excavates 7 bottom of heatable adobe sleeping platform；
Step 4: 5 body of backfill into the heatable adobe sleeping platform 7 of excavation, when backfill, should tamp in backfill, until the soil layer backfilled
Plane is in a plane in upper plane and roadbed soil layer 11, and resulting soil layer plane answers no concave-convex fluctuating or other influences upper layer
The horizontal positioned foreign matter of steel plate 3；
Step 5: the fixture nut 4 in the case where every anchor pole 6 is screwed into first, then puts on upper layer steel plate 3, then be screwed on first
Fixture nut 2, fixture nut 2 is fixed after being twisted with spanner stuck on first, it is ensured that non-loosening happens；
Step 6: being laid with surface layer asphalt surface course 1, pitch is cast on upper layer steel plate 3, so that road surface is smooth, no concave-convex
Damaging problem can be open to traffic after asphalt surface course 1 has some strength.
The present invention includes upper layer steel plate 3, lower layer's steel plate 9 and 6 co-ordinative construction of anchor pole and the native two large divisions of backfill element, is passed through
The combination of the two solves the depression problem and repair place road surface breakage reappeared after urban road drilling 12 is quickly repaired
Problem；The co-ordinative construction of the Prefabricated steel construction of use and backfill 5 can solving road construction time restricted problem it is same
When, and can complete to repair the fixation problem of structure.The configuration of the present invention is simple, it is easy to operate, it can effectively solve urban road drilling
The depression problem and repair place road surface breakage problem reappeared after 12 quick reparations；Conventional method can be overcome in road surface long-time
After use, road surface depression caused by the compression of 5 body of backfill becomes dense；It can be done in repairing Urban Road Asphalt Pavement work
To quickly and effectively, do not influence traffic for a long time.
The unmentioned technology of the present invention is the prior art.
Claims (10)
1. structure is repaired in a kind of drilling, it is characterised in that: including upper layer steel plate (3), lower layer's steel plate (9) and anchor pole (6), it is described on
Layer steel plate (3) and lower layer's steel plate (9) are oppositely arranged, and anchor pole (6) one end is pierced by upper layer steel plate (3), and the other end is pierced by lower layer's steel plate
(9)；Anchor pole (6) periphery is equipped with external screw thread, and the anchor pole (6) of upper layer steel plate (3) upper and lower is equipped with fixture nut (2) on first
Fixture nut (8) and second on second is equipped with the anchor pole (6) of first lower fixture nut (4), lower layer's steel plate (9) upper and lower
Lower fixture nut (10)；Anchor pole (6) is 4-6 root, is uniformly located on upper layer steel plate (3) and lower layer's steel plate (9).
2. structure is repaired in drilling according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the upper layer steel plate (3) and lower layer's steel plate (9)
For shape is identical, equal-sized round pie steel plate, upper layer steel plate (3) and lower layer's steel plate (9) are at outer edge 5-10cm
Circumference be equipped with and the tapped through hole (13) that is mutually matched equal with anchor pole (6) quantity.
3. structure is repaired in drilling according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the anchor pole (6) and tapped through hole (13) hole
Diameter is 20-30mm.
4. structure is repaired in drilling according to claim 1 to 3, it is characterised in that: the upper layer steel plate (3) and
Lower layer's steel plate (9) diameter is the three times of road coring drilling (12) diameter or more, and thickness is 1cm or more.
5. the method for repairing structure repair exploration coring bituminous pavement using drilling described in claim 1-3 any one,
It is characterized in that: the following steps are included:
1) drilling (12) circumferential surface asphalt surface course (1), and the roadbed soil layer below the asphalt surface course (1) cut are cut
(11) heatable adobe sleeping platform (7) are excavated；
2) backfill (5) being inserted into drilling (12), filling backfill (5) Shi Yizhi is backfilling into drilling (12) and is filled and led up completely,
Backfill face is flushed with heatable adobe sleeping platform (7) bottom surface after excavation；
3) it fixes on anchor pole (6) lower layer's steel plate (9), is first screwed on the position in every anchor pole (6) apart from bottom end equal length
Second lower fixture nut (10) are then covered lower layer's steel plate on anchor pole by tapped through hole (13), finally in lower layer's steel plate (9)
On be screwed into fixture nut on second (8), fixture nut (8) is consolidated after being twisted with spanner on second lower fixture nut (10) and second
It is fixed stuck, it is ensured that non-loosening happens；
4) anchor pole (6) for fixing lower layer's steel plate (9) is put into heatable adobe sleeping platform (7), then hammers anchor pole (6) top, makes anchor pole (6)
After bottom end insertion is excavated in the base course of heatable adobe sleeping platform (7) bottom, until lower layer's steel plate (9) anchor pole below (6) section is all driven into soil
In layer, it is bonded lower layer's steel plate (9) with the bottom surface for excavating heatable adobe sleeping platform (7)；
5) backfill (5) are inserted into heatable adobe sleeping platform (7), until backfill (5) layer top surface is flushed with roadbed soil layer (11) top surface；
6) fixture nut (4) in the case where every anchor pole (6) is screwed into first, then puts on upper layer steel plate (3), then is screwed on first fixed
Nut (2), fixture nut (2) is fixed after being twisted with spanner stuck on first lower fixture nut (4) and first, it is ensured that non-loosening
It happens；
7) surface layer asphalt surface course (1) is repaired, pitch is cast on upper layer steel plate (3), so that road surface is smooth, no concave-convex breakage is asked
Topic, after asphalt surface course (1) has some strength.
6. the method according to claim 5 for repairing exploration coring bituminous pavement, it is characterised in that: opened in the step 1)
Hole (7) cut the earth as round heatable adobe sleeping platform (7), round heatable adobe sleeping platform (7) inner wall is smooth circular arc, and no concave-convex rises and falls.
7. the method according to claim 6 for repairing exploration coring bituminous pavement, it is characterised in that: lower layer's steel plate
(9) match with round heatable adobe sleeping platform (7) outer diameter with upper layer steel plate (3), the lower surface to every anchor pole (6) bottom of lower layer's steel plate (9)
The distance at end is all equal.
8. the method according to claim 5 for repairing exploration coring bituminous pavement, it is characterised in that: the step 2) and step
It is rapid 5) in backfill (5) earth when while backfill while tamp, the soil of backfill ensures to dry fine and closely woven.
9. the method according to claim 5 for repairing exploration coring bituminous pavement, it is characterised in that: hammer in the step 4)
It when hitting process, need to be hammered in order along the same direction every anchor pole (6), then each 1~2cm that buries of every hammering is hammered
Next anchor pole (6) so recycles, until lower layer's steel plate (9) are bonded with the bottom surface for excavating heatable adobe sleeping platform (7).
10. the method according to claim 5 for repairing exploration coring bituminous pavement, it is characterised in that: in the step 6)
First lower fixture nut (4) on every anchor pole (6) are on a horizontal surface, the top surface and roadbed top surface of upper layer steel plate (3)
It flushes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711399384.9A CN108086086B (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2017-12-22 | A method of drilling repairs structure and repairs exploration coring bituminous pavement using it |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201711399384.9A CN108086086B (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2017-12-22 | A method of drilling repairs structure and repairs exploration coring bituminous pavement using it |
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| CN108086086A CN108086086A (en) | 2018-05-29 |
| CN108086086B true CN108086086B (en) | 2019-11-12 |
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| CN114808594A (en) * | 2022-05-08 | 2022-07-29 | 赵剑 | Asphalt pavement repairing structure |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204401432U (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-06-17 | 洛阳城市建设勘察设计院有限公司 | A kind of measures of cracks on concrete pavement repairs structure |
| CN105821748A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-08-03 | 慕鹏飞 | Reinforcing apparatus and method used after core-boring sampling of cast-in-situ floor of road or building |
| CN105821747A (en) * | 2015-11-28 | 2016-08-03 | 慕鹏飞 | Reinforcing apparatus and reinforcing method for core-drilled building or road |
| CN205804130U (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-12-14 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | A kind of cracking road surface bracing means |
| CN106917359A (en) * | 2015-12-26 | 2017-07-04 | 王冠红 | Road and bridge crack bracing means and reinforcement means |
-
2017
- 2017-12-22 CN CN201711399384.9A patent/CN108086086B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN204401432U (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2015-06-17 | 洛阳城市建设勘察设计院有限公司 | A kind of measures of cracks on concrete pavement repairs structure |
| CN105821747A (en) * | 2015-11-28 | 2016-08-03 | 慕鹏飞 | Reinforcing apparatus and reinforcing method for core-drilled building or road |
| CN105821748A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-08-03 | 慕鹏飞 | Reinforcing apparatus and method used after core-boring sampling of cast-in-situ floor of road or building |
| CN106917359A (en) * | 2015-12-26 | 2017-07-04 | 王冠红 | Road and bridge crack bracing means and reinforcement means |
| CN205804130U (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2016-12-14 | 中国十七冶集团有限公司 | A kind of cracking road surface bracing means |
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